写作指导手册

高三英语

写作复习及高考范文

第一章书面表达评分标准

一、1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3. 词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。

4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。

6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

【各档次的给分范围和要求】第五档(很好)；(21-25分)

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 覆盖所有内容要点。

3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。

5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档(好)：(16-20分)

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。

3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

6. 达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档(适当)：(11-15分)

1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。

3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。

6. 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档(较差)：(6-10分)

1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。

3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

5. 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。

6. 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

第一档(差)：(1-5分)

1. 未完成试题规定的任务。

2. 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。

3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

4. 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。

5. 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。

6. 信息未能传达给读者

二、不同档次例文

某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：

1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。

2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换

新颜。

3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美

的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。

注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。

2）词数：100-120之间。

例1 Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school! ①This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look

In the past, the school here was very small ④. ⑤ Now it has been rebuilt. ⑥The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys ⑦. It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑧ They enjoy free education in it.

Thank you.

例2 Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school！This village is a small one /which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However,it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here live a much better life than before .Now it is taking on a new look.

In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. What’s more,they enjoy free education.

May you enjoy your stay here !Thank you.

第二章英语写作指导

一、英语作文写作步骤

1、审题（文体、时态、人称、篇章结构、抓关键字）

2、列要点（看图作文要会抓主线）

3、写出英文表达（使用常见词组和句式）

4、连文（根据不同文体，采用不同连接词和过渡词）

5、检查（时态、主谓一致、名次单复数、断句、词语塔配、单词拼写等

二、句式指导

（一）如何写出正确的句子

第一步：找出句子主干

基本句型主语+ 谓语

?主语+ 系动词+ 表语

?主语+谓语+ 宾语

?主语+谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

?主语+谓语+ 宾语+ 宾补

第二步：确定主干的相关词汇

第三步：翻译句子主干

第四步：添加修饰成分

例句: 1.有时下课之后电脑和灯还开着。

2.一些同学在洗手之后甚至忘记关掉水龙头。

3.当今越来越多的能源被浪费了。

1. Lights and computers are still on after class

2．Some students even forget to turn off the water tap after wahing their hands.

3.Nowadays more and more energy is wasted.

句式口诀：

结构正确最重要，简单句式为基础

并列句式不可少，复合句式必须要

主动不如被动巧, 长句短句结合造, 连接词语缺不得，中心为主句型辅

附录1：常用连接词和过渡词

连接词和过渡词是用来衔接句与句、段与段，它不但能保证句子之间、段落之间的流畅过渡，还能暗示出句子间的逻辑关系，使段落或文章的发展脉络清晰。

1、表示时间顺序的过渡词语

first, next / then, finally;

to start with, next, in addition, finally

most important of all ,besides, last but not least

now / at present, later, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden , at the same time

after that, afterwards;

at last, in the end;

2、表示两方面的过渡词语

on one side… on the other side(of);for one thing，for another thing

3、表示并列关系的过渡词语

not only…but also, both…and;neither…nor…, either…or…;

4、表示转折关系的过渡词语

but, however; on the contrary; on the other hand;

5、表示因果关系的过渡词语

because, as; so, therefore; as a result ; thus; since; as;

6、表示条件关系的过渡词语

if, u nless (=if… not); as (so) long as; on conditon that

7、表示让步关系的过渡词语

though, although; even if, even though; instead

8、表示递进关系的过渡词语

what’s more,besides, moreover, furthermore; in addition (to);

9、表示概括性词语的过渡词语

in short, in a word,in brief; in conclusion; Generally speaking;

10、表示观点和强调的过渡词语

I think, in my opinion; as we all know; indeed, above all

11. 换一种方法表述

第三章英语写作分类

一、记叙文

(一)．写人（人物简历或介绍）

篇章结构：（总括句）＋人物生平＋评价（一、两句即可）

（二）写事

1.个人经历或集体活动

写作要点：1.要写清楚事件发生的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果。

2.抓住主线，重点突出，不要写成流水账，没有中心，什么都写。篇章结构：（总括句）＋事情经过＋（感受）（一、两句即可）

work done,we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action.

Seeing the lines of trees,we all had a sense of achievement.We feel it's our duty to protect and beautify our environmen t

（二）说明文

注意事项：1.结构条理清晰 2.文字尽量客观公正3时态：常为一般现在时分类：1.介绍某一地方 2. 描述介绍某一物体或做某事的方法步骤

3.比较对比

三、具体运用

1.介绍某一场所

常用句型：

（1）It is located \situated in\at\

（2）It lies\in \between…and…

（3）In front of it is…

（4）with …on its left and … on its right

（5）Turning to the left, you’ll see … behind which is…

（6）Walking past… the building that appears in front of you is…

(7 ) Opposite to the … stands…在对面

(8) The door on your left leads you to…

(9) … is located at the foot of\by the side of… to the east of… and the north of…

(10) Surrounded by… it lies in the center of… boarding….

（11）充足的绿地enough green areas/ fields

（12）依山傍水be located at the foot of the mountain with a river passing by

When you enter the school，you can see a big flower bed in front of you，and two large buildings on both sides—the library on your right and the teaching building on your left.Walking on further，you will find the gymnasium, which is the most beautiful building on the campus, with another round flower bed in front.Behind it, there lie four basketball courts.Next to the courts is the sports ground. Along its east side stand three buildings—the dining hall, and two dormitories for the 3,000 students and 150 teachers.All the buildings are surrounded by bushes and flowers.

（2）地方

2.描述某一事物

对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……

编辑文本，搜索信息……

1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数。

3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

3、比较异同

篇章结构1：纵向（结构清晰）

总括句＋相同点1、2、3……＋不同点1、2、3……＋（小结）

常用句式：

1. A is similar to B in many ways. For example, both of them are…

2. A and B have much in common.

3. A and B are alike in many ways.

4．However, there is also something different between the two….

5. Although they share many similarities, they differ from each other.

6. They also have something different. For example,…

7．They both work hard but they have different learning methods.

注意：比较异同属于说明性文章，时态通常用现在时。

城市生活环境的不足,重点说明你去乡村度假的原因。

注意:

1.短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息,并做适当发挥,使短文内容连贯完整。

2.词数:100左右

（3）今昔对比

篇章结构：

总括句昔(常用过去时)今(常用：一般现在时、现在完成时)结尾句

常用句式：

1. Quite a few/great/dramatic changes have taken place in our school.

2. Now our school has taken on a new look.

3. There have been great changes in our school.

4. Our school has greatly changed.

4. …used to do…….but now…

5. Our school is no longer what it used to be.

6. In the past,…while nowadays…

注意：使用正确的时态：总括句和结尾句常用和现在有关的时态，谈论过去的情

programs.

While nowadays, telephones and text messages make it easy for us to get in touch with friends even all over the world. Being engaged in TV programs helps us kill the time. Living in big rooms with elegant furniture , we enjoy ourselves very much.

Our life now is perfect and comfortable.

三、议论文

（一）、议论文通常有两种形式：

1.正反方对比议论文。

模式：提出论点+ 分别陈述正方的观点和反方的观点+陈述自己的观点。2.支持一种观点的议论文。

模式：提出自己的观点（支持或反对）+就自己的观点给出理由\通过驳斥相反的观点+ 再次强调自己的观点。

（二）、句型搜索：

开头句：

（1）We have had a heated discussion about whether we should….

（2）The topic of…is becoming the most popular one recently.

（3）When asked about … ,different people hold different views.

正方常用句子：

(1)Some people hold the opinion that…

(2)Many people agree with this idea.

反方常用句子：

（1）But some people don’t agree with them in several points.First…

（2）Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …

（3）There are some people who hold a diferent opinion about …

（4）I think it is not a good idea to …

（5）Some are in favour of …while others are against…

（6）The othe rstudents，however，hold a different view

表述自己观点常用的句子：

（1）In my opinion, I like …The reason is that…

（2）In a word ,my personal view emphasizes on…

（3）As far as I’m concerned…

（4）In my view ,both sides are partly right in that…

（6）As for/As to me,I tend to choose…支持一种观点的作文

正反两种观点的作文

students get cheated on line.

It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.

四、应用文

应用文包括：书信、日记、通知、便条、讲演稿、履历表等。语言应该是规范的，有一定的格式要求，重在应用，力求平实、准确、简洁。

（一）.日记

英文日记的日期和星期一般在正文的左上方顶格写，天气写在右上方。常用来描述天气的词语有：fine, cloudy, windy, rainy, snowy, shower等。

时态：通常为过去式人称：通常为第一人称

Li hua

（三）启事

1．寻物启事

Lost

I was careless and lost a bag in the dinning-hall on the afternoon of this month. Inside were two textbooks, a dictionary and a key to my bike. Will the finder please send it either to the students of Class 1, Senior Two ?/Anyone who/whoever found it , please let me know. Many thanks.

Wang Lei

2招领启事

Found

A handbag was found, inside which are a camera, a pair of glasses, some money and other things. The loser is expected to come identify it. Please telephone ….or get in touch with …. Please bring your identification card with you when you come.

Will the finder please come to Class 7 Grade III？

3招聘启事

模式：1.标题：* * * Wanted

2.正文：第一段：某单位招聘某职位，招聘几人

第二段：具体条件

第三段：具体联系方式

. 3. 落款：在正文右下方写出招聘单位

时态：一般现在时

常用语：……者优先：… is preferred.

报酬面议：Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.

If you are interested, please call Li Hua at 130******** for an interview. Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.

Students’ Union

Yucai High Scool （四）通知

通知分为书面通知和口头通知。书面通知要写明标题、正文、发通知的单位和日期。口头通知与平时的讲话很接近，因此，不必交代日期，开头和结尾也有比较固定的表达。

口头通知常以下述表述开场：

1.Attention, please! I have an announcement to make.

2.Your attention, please. I’v e something important to say.

3.Boys and girls, may I have your attention please?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d511108757.html,dies and gentlemen, I have something urgent to say.

5.Please be quiet, everyone! I have something to say.

结尾：

以Thank you for your attention. Everyone is welcome. 等表示结束。

其他常用句型

1.Everyone is asked to be there on time. 要求人人准时到达

2.Be sure not to be late. 不许迟到

3.Please be present on time. 请准时出席

4.Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time. 请携带笔记，准时出席

5.Those who are interested in it are warmly welcome. 欢迎有意者参加

Thursday so that we wiil make necessary arrangements.

We suggest that you bring with you a hat and a pair of gloves.

We are looking forward to your join us.

Community Office

(四)信

1.普通私人信件

写信常用语

1）开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about …

I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.

I’m pleased to hear that …..

I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

2）结尾部分：

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier

例文：（2011年全国）假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心（Learning Center）的帮助。根据学校规定，你须书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：

1.本人简介；

2.求助内容；

3.约定时间；

4.你的联系方式（Email:lihua@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d511108757.html,;Phone:12345678）

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

1.结束语以为你写好

范文：

2.求职信

模式：1）首段点明在……地方看到该求职信息，并提出求职请求

2）第二段介绍本人情况 A.自然情况 B.学历与兴趣特长 C.先前的工作经历

D.性格特点（以上A-D的内容根据作文要求来选择安排，但所写内容要与所求职工作的特点想符合）

3）再次表达求职的诚意级结束语。

模式：1）首段表示为某事歉意

2）第二段介绍具体原因

4）级结束语。

例文：（2010年山东卷）假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom 约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：

1. 表示歉意；

2. 解释原因；

3. 另约时间。

注意：

1. 词数120~150；

2. 可适当增加细节

DearTom,

How are you going? We made a plan that we travel in Bejing together next wek. While, I should apologize to you because I can not go there on time for the reasons as follows.

First, The govern ment encourage us students to goto Shanghai due to the fact that the EXPo is being held in Shanghai now .I’m eager to

（4）图表作文

篇章结构：总括句＋具体数据分析＋发表看法

常用表达：

1.总括句1）As can be seen from the chart

2)According to the diagram

3)As is shown in the table

4)It can be seen from the graph (table 1, figure 2, chart 3) that

2.具体数据分析

1）It is generally argued( held; believed; maintained; estimated; calculated; shown that

2)It can be deduced… that (concluded)

3)There was a … a small rise, marked/ rapid decline

4)slow increase, large reduction; gradual drop, dramatic fall; steady decrease

（7）漫画＋议论

篇章结构：简单描述漫画（抓住重点）＋看法

例如：请根据漫画，以“What Will the Child Become”为标题，写一篇短文。要求：1. 词数约100个，不包含以给出的开头部分；

2. 内容要包括对本漫画画面的描述以及你自己对这一现象的看法。