(英语)高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The number of giraffes is becoming smaller across Africa, according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation. The total population has dropped by 40 percent in the last 15 years. Surprisingly, even scientists haven't given much attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species. "It's a silent extinction," said Dr. Julian Hennessy, a wildlife scientist.

"The main reason for the smaller number of giraffes is their loss of living places," said Hennessy, "as an increasing part of land is used for farming. But hunting also has a big influence." You might wonder why hunters would focus on giraffes. First of all, once a giraffe is brought down, there is lots of meat with a small amount of effort. Besides, there is another thing encouraging the hunting. In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the latest word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $140 per piece.

Another widespread misconception about giraffes is that they are everywhere. Look at kids' books which are full of giraffes. They are always in zoo collections. They can be seen easily, so you don't think we have to worry about them. But the truth is that they are in danger of extinction. There is a lack of right and true data.

Hennessy and other researchers are now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (亚种). The information will be used to change the giraffe's listing on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, which now lists the species as of "least concern" but two subspecies as "endangered". "It's a lot of work to gather the necessary information," Hennessy says. "And several other giraffe subspecies will be recommended for endangered listings next year or the year after." He hopes that the world will finally start to take notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.

（1）By saying "It's a silent extinction", Hennessy tells us that ______.

A. giraffes are unpopular in Africa

B. the giraffe is always silent in daily life

C. the ecology of Africa needs more attention

D. the extinction occurs without enough attention

（2）What has caused the high price of giraffe meat in Tanzania?

A. The country's custom.

B. The illegal international trade.

C. The cost of hunting a giraffe.

D. The idea that it's a cure for AIDS.

（3）The misconception in Para. 3 can be corrected by ______.

A. preventing illegal hunting in Africa

B. rewriting kids' books about giraffes

C. providing reliable data about giraffes

D. spreading scientific knowledge of AIDS

（4）The final purpose of Hennessy's great effort is to ______.

A. collect more information about giraffes

B. raise public awareness of protecting giraffes

C. prove giraffes will disappear in the next few years

D. work with the International Union for Conservation of Nature

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了长颈鹿濒临灭绝的原因，并指出提供准确的数据，提高人们的保护意识至关重要。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Surprisingly, even scientists haven't given muc h attention to giraffes. We are learning more about their ecology, but what we know is still way behind what we know about other species.”可知人们对其关注很少，了解很少，这时期灭绝的原因，所以silent extinction 意为在人们不知不觉中灭绝。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In Tanzania, Hennessy says, the lates t word on the street is that eating giraffe meat could cure AIDS. Fresh giraffe heads and bones can be sold at prices of up to $140 per piece.”可知人们认为长颈鹿肉能治愈艾滋病，因此其肉价很贵，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There is a lack of right and true data.”可知造成人们误解的原因是，缺乏正确真实的数据，再根据第四段中的“Hennessy and other researchers are now pulling together the data needed to improve the situation of the entire giraffe species and all nine subspecies (亚种).”可知要想根正人们的认知，需要提供准确可靠的数据，故选C。（4）考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“He hopes that the world will finally start t o take notice of how endangered these beloved animals have become.”可知Hennessy的努力的目的是提高公众保护长颈鹿的意识。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (光合作用) while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (协同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.

Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mаmmаl?. Тhе?е ?nсludе hollow thorns that аnt? will live ?n??dе, or ехtra nесtаr (琼浆) оn lеаvе? or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.

But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got

started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.

The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.

（1）Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to .

A.reward the ants

B.make a fool of ants

C.provide nutrition for the seeds

D.get the seeds moved around

（2）What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

A.How plants and ants interact.

B.What ants do to protect plants.

C.How plants and ants survive attacks.

D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.

（3）Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?

A.Ants depended more upon plants.

B.It caused a race for better evolution.

C.How it got started was uncertain.

D.It was of little value for future studies.

（4）What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?

A.To introduce a science research method.

B.To inform readers of a latest research finding

C.To arouse readers' interest in science research.

D.To criticize people's traditional views about plants.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。蚂蚁和植物的共同进化始于蚂蚁以植物为食，植物进化出对蚂蚁友好的特征。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Pla nts make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use.”植物有许多不同的结构，这些结构是专门为蚂蚁使用的；以及“Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by

providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”，有些蚂蚁会偷取花蜜逃跑，但有些会留下来攻击任何试图伤害植物的东西。其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。可知，第二段主要讲了植物和蚂蚁如何互动，故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But scientists weren't sure how the evoluti onary relationship between ants and plants got started.”但是科学家们并不确定蚂蚁和植物之间的进化关系是如何开始的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.”一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。是全文的主题句，由此推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者最新的研究结果，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common house plant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So it's been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty putted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home?

That's the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span (范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure ho to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk through the park can clear one's head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants?

To test their theory, the study's authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a mom with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the Last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from rending and memorizing at one moment to writing and recalling at the next. Next came a proofreading task fallowed by another Reading Span Test.

The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.

（1）What do we know from the first paragraph?

A.Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.

B.Houseplants can Function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.

C.Planting polled flowers as decorations is very interesting.

D.Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home.

（2）What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to?

A.Focus one's attention.

B.Disturb one's attention.

C.weaken one's attention.

D.Turn one's attention away.

（3）What does the test prove?

A.Working in nature helps increase productivity.

B.Houseplants will be in great demand in our life.

C.Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors.

D.Working among houseplants improves mental functioning.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes

B.Greenery: Effective Air-purifier

C.Houseplants: Visual Brain Food

D.Potted Plants: Great! House-beautifier

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fem (芦笋蕨) is a economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers.”可知，鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍，用百合花、芦笋蕨这些植物来取代空气净化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Struggling directive attention(the kind of attention that takes effort can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments.”可知，挣扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通过置身于自然环境中来恢复。据此可推知，缩小注意力范围即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.”可知，在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅读广度测试的成绩都有所提高，而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。因此，在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，这个测试的证实了在室内植物间工作可以改善精神功能。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime coral bleaching (白化现象) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.

"Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle," said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.

By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. "These returning fish, are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world," said lead author, Tim Gordon.

（1）What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?

A.Diverse species.

B.Noise pollution.

C.Fishing industry.

D.Climbing temperatures.

（2）What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?

A.Removing damaged coral reefs.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d96538292.html,ing loudspeakers to keep fish away.

C.Building new homes for sea species.

D.Playing certain sounds to appeal to fish.

（3）Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?

A.To provide some findings of the study.

B.To show the progress of the experiment.

C.To explain reasons for the new approach.

D.To give another solution to the problem.

（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.The attempts are in vain.

B.Natural recovery is impossible.

C.Initial success has been achieved.

D.The coral reefs have returned to normal.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释了采用这一方法的原因以及这一新方法获得了初步成功。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime u coral bleaching events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.”然而，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它们的健康，导致鱼类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.”为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让它们听起来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及其依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.”健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的地方——虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知，引用Steve Simpson的话是为了解释采用这一新方法的原因。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, par ts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.”通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没有声音的地方能吸引两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Festivals in Wales this spring

There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.

Wrexham, 10-12 May

The annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging（新兴的）musicians across the country, and 2018 sees Welsh Music Prize winner The Gentle Good and Y Selar Best Band winners. Candelas, take the stage.

Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

Whether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in from the saddle（鞍）of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!

Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

The world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes, talks and trapeze（吊杠）（yes, there are even circus performers!）Based in the magical surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for everyone who likes a side of intellectualism（理智主义）with their traditional festival experience.

Lawrenny, 25-28 May

In late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place. Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for four days of “fed good”, leaving your usual routine behind and diving into a delightful mix of workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.

（1）The festivals in Wales are held annually .

A. in early May

B. inside and outside of Wales

C. in rainy or sunny weather

D. for locals only

（2）What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?

A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.

B. You can meet your favorite band winners.

C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.

D. It doesn't last long enough.

（3）Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual. Which festival do you suggest she go to?

A. Wrexham, 10-12 May

B. Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

C. Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

D. Lawrenny, 25-28 May

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的，做的和体验至的项目。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.”可知，威尔士节日不论是雨天还是晴天，都会举行。其中的shine为意为“好天气”与sunny是同义词，rainy是rain的形容词。故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据Aberystwyth, 19-29 May部分中的“all work and no play makes us all

dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!”可知，当你在镇里时，去到酒吧内喝点冰凉的啤酒很流行。骑自行车之后你需要它！由此可推断出，活动之后你可以去酒吧喝酒休息，即活动后有地方休息的。故选A。(3)考查推理判断。根据Lawrenny, 25-28 May部分中的“…Esse ntially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. …, leaving your usual routine behind …”这个节日本质上就是关于健康健身的，但它不仅仅如此。你可以丢掉你的日常惯例，加入…。由此可知，这个节日的目的就是如果你热爱健身，想体验不同寻常的东西，就可以来这儿。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生准确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Apple announced its new iPhones last week, but competitors' mobile phones can do many of the same things for less money.

The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.

At one time, Chinese manufacturers copied features and designs from others to produce low-cost phones. But they have now added high-end features to their phones and they control nearly half the global mobile phone market.

Media MarktSaturn is Europe's biggest electronics seller. A spokesperson for the store told Reuters that,“Huawei is seen as a relevant competitor to Apple and Samsung by covering all major price points and placing big investments in marketing and sales. '' She also said that the Chinese companies Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo and TCL were among the top-10 best-selling smart phones in its stores.

Chinese manufacturers' fast growth has been fueled by strong sales in China. But they now export 40 percent of their smart phones. That is almost double the number from just three years ago, according to the Hong Kong investment company CLSA.

Huawei is currently the world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called "Real AI phone." Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000. Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smart phone market.

（1）What is the text mainly about?

A. Smart phone's manufacturers.

B. Apple smart phone's features.

C. Asian phone makers' fast growth.

D. Competition among Asian phone makers.

（2）Which is NOT among the top 3 phone makers in the world?

A. TCL.

B. Samsung.

C. Apple.

D. Huawei.

（3）What do we know from the text?

A. Huewei will have overtaken Apple by later 2017.

B. Chinese makers' phones with high-end features cost less.

C. The top-10 smart phones are to enter the high-end competition.

D. 40 percent of Asian smart phones are exported now.

（4）What is the writer's attitude towards Asian phone makers?

A. Doubtful.

B. Concerned.

C. Optimistic.

D. Uncertain.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，苹果新机“遇冷”，国产手机“争霸”, 亚洲手机制造商快速发展逼近苹果公司。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less.”新款iPhone 8 和X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时，一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。可以推断出本文主要讲述了亚洲手机制造商之间的竞争。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Huaw ei is currently the world's third largest phone maker behind Samsung and Apple. According to research company Canalys, the Chinese company is getting closer to second-place Apple and might overtake it later this year.”可知华为目前是全球第三大手机厂商，位居三星和苹果之后。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段“The new iPhone 8 and X have wireless charging, edge-to-edge glass screen and double cameras. But all of these features are already available in smart phones from China's Huawei and Oppo, and Korea's Samsung. While Apple asks buyers to pay $1,000 for its high-end model, some Asian phone makers can offer similar features for less. ”新款iPhone 8 和X 拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头。但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用。当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时，一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The Chinese company even made fun of Apple's new facial recognition feature with a Facebook video called "Real AI phone." Huawei plans to show its top-of-the-line Mate 10 phone on Oct. 16. The phone will have artificial intelligence features such as instant translation and image recognition and will cost less than $1,000. Other Chinese companies are looking to enter the high-end smartphone market.”这家中国公司甚至在Facebook上发布了一则名为《RealAIphone》的视频，取笑苹果公司新的面部识别功能。华

为计划在10月16日推出该公司顶级的Mate 10 手机。这款手机将具备人工智能功能，例如即时翻译和图像识别，售价可能低于1千美元。其它中国公司正在寻求进入高端智能手机市场。可以推断出作者对亚洲手机制造商很有信心，对亚洲手机发展前景乐观，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.

What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(自我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(诉讼). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.

We need to flip(翻转) this approach. In a complex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).

（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________.

A. open up a discussion on the topic

B. analyze the reason for success

C. express the author's opposition

D. doubt the abilities of the top skaters

（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（3）What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How we can avoid failure in life

B. What we should learn from failure

C. Why failure is the key to flying high

D. Where we further improve ourselves

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail.”可知，文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要学会失败。后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点，最后一句提出问题：为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢？下文对这个问题做了回答，进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。很明显，这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。故选A。

(2)考查文章结构。第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。第三段James Dyson为正面例子证明：成功是建立失败的基础上的。而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明：不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。最后一段再次强调中心论点。故选A。

(3)考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心论点：the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail，中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。最后一段又重新强调了该论点。很明显，文章的中心意思就是：失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Samanta Schweblin, one of the best young Spanish language novelists nominated (提名) by British literary magazine Granta, has visited Beijing to promote the first Chinese edition of a collection of her short stories. The collection, Birds in the Mouth, has been translated and published by Shanghai-based publisher Reader.

“Som etimes I hold the Chinese edition and choose a story at random and try to guess which one it is. But it is almost impossible for me; even the length is different.” says Schweblin. “When a book is translated into a Western language, I can at least understand some parts of my stories, and therefore suffer some doubt about the quality of the translation. But my Chinese edition is more like an act of faith.”

Born in Argentina in 1978, Schweblin says she is influenced by the literary traditions of the La Plata area, home to many famous Latin-American novelists.

Interested in writing stories of ordinary lives where suddenly something extraordinary happens, something new, strange or unknown, she thinks, “The stranger and the unknown are not always related to ghosts or aliens, but can be something related to the known world, something that actually could happen.”

Birds in the Mouth tells of a divorced father who worries about his 13-year-old daughter and her mysterious appetites. It turns out that his daughter eats live birds.

The idea for this story came to Schweblin when she was browsing the Internet, “Click, click, click, a picture of a little girl who looks frightened with her hands covering her mouth came to my eyes. Little by little, I developed the story in my mind, and then wrote it down” recalls Schweblin. Although there are elements of violence and bloodiness in Schweblin's stories, she skillfully hides them, thinking the trick to writing a thrilling story is to stop the monster from appearing, while maintaining a frightening and mysterious atmosphere.

（1）Samanta Schweblin came to China to .

A. pay a visit to Beijing

B. translate her stories into Chinese

C. help to make her book more popular

D. publish her collection

（2）When mentioning her Chinese edition, Schweblin thinks .

A. she suffers some doubt about the quality of the translation

B. her Chinese edition is slightly different from the original one

C. she can understand some parts of her Chinese edition

D. she has a strong belief in her Chinese edition

（3）From the passage we can tell, the author, .

A. has an appetite for writing something extraordinary

B. got the idea of her story Birds in the Mouth by design

C. tried to quit describing violent and bloody scenes in her story

D. thinks her writing style is mainly affected by some famous native novelists

（4）We can probably read the passage in .

A. a textbook

B. a newspaper

C. a report

D. a science fiction

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。主要对英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一Samanta Schweblin及其作品进行了简单的介绍。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段1.Samanta Schweblin, …has visited Beijing to promote the first Chinese edition of a collection of her short stories. 来北京是促销她的第一个中文版的短篇小说。由此可知，Samanta来中国就是为了让她的书受欢迎。故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But my Chinese edition is more like an act of faith”faith与belief是同义词。由此可知，提及她的中文版的书时，她对自己的中文版本很有信心。故答案选D。

（3）推理判断题。文中第四段提到作者写的故事中关于平凡生活中突然发生了一些不寻常的事情，一些新的、奇怪的或未知的事情，她认为这与人们已知世界有关的，有可能发生的。第五段与第六段中的女孩吃鸟的故事，第七段中说作者的故事有暴力与血腥的元素，她的故事有一种惊悚与神秘。可知作者喜欢写一些不同寻常的东西，分析选项可知A项（渴望写出一些不同寻常的东西）符合题意，故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。Samanta Schweblin是英国文学杂志《格兰达》提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一，本文中对她及其作品进行了简单的介绍。因此可推断出本文有可能在报纸上看到。故答案选B。

【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

9．阅读理解

It's 3 o'clock and you've been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn't. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.

Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.

A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.

Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.

In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.

So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.

（1）What is the function of the first paragraph?

A. To remind readers of their own special food.

B. To deepen the understanding of hunger.

C. To report the discovery of craving study.

D. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving?

A. It shows food is linked to feelings.

B. It ensures a person survives hunger.

C. It means the stomach functions well.

D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.

（3）What's the likely result of dieting?

A. The decrease of chemicals.

B. The increase of food desire.

C. The refusal of fat and sugar.

D. The disappearance of appetite.

（4）What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The functions of brain areas.

B. What hunger is all about.

C. The findings of food craving.

D. What dieting may bring us.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。

(1)目的意图题。根据第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，第一段是为了引导整篇文章的话题。故答案选D。

(2)推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.可知，食物与情感有关系。故答案选A。

(3)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.可知，节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。故答案选B。

(4)主旨大意题。根据最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach.本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。故答案选C。

【点评】说明文主题和文章大意的技巧：应对文章主题和中心大意考题时，寻找和发现文章主题句就是关键。这个主题句一般具有如下特点：①表达的意思比较概括。②句子结构简单，大多数时候，不采用长句、难句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用来解释或发挥主题句所表达的主题思想的。④主题句的位置除个别情况下是在文中的句子，大多数情

况下，主题句往往是在段首和段尾。所以，在阅读文章时，要特别注意文章的首段、首句和末句。

10．阅读理解

Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机)on wheels would one day become a thing? Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.

Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question. "How can I use a treadmill outdoors?" He eventually came up with a design, to which he added an electric engine, and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill, helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.

To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate (激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast, all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand brakes available.

The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started get inquiries and calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production. The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.

But despite having a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you're going to walk, you might as well do it the old-fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you walk really fast without breaking a sweat, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.

（1）With the help of Lopifit, you can ________.

A. cycle to work by walking

B. offer power to any bicycle

C. create a treadmill on wheels

D. answer some hard questions

（2）From the second paragraph, we can learn ________.

A. how Lopifit was created

B. where Lopifit can be used

C. who Lopifit is intended for

D. which design is suitable for Lopifit

（3）What can be learned from the fourth paragraph?

A. Lopifit was cheap and available in 2014.

B. Lopifit always broke down on the streets.

C. It was hard for the company to design Lopifit.

D. The supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.

（4）How do the public react to Lopifit?

A. Positively.

B. Variously.

C. Angrily.

D. Cautiously.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了Bruin从跑步机上获得灵感，发明了一款“走路自行车”，在这款自行车上不需要跑步，走路就行的自行车——Lopifit。Lopifit 非常受欢迎，供不应求。

(1)细节理解题。由第一段Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.可知，在Lopifit的帮助下，你可以走路去工作，选A。

(2)推理判断题。由第二段Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question可知，这一段主要讲了“走路自行车”是如何被发明的，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由第四段The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.可知，从第四段，我们可以推断出这款自行车供不应求，选D。

(4)推理判断题。由最后一段But despite having a very loyal fan- base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. 可知，这款自行车有许多忠实的粉丝，但是也有许多摇头党，所以可以推断出人们对于这款自行车持各种各样的态度，选B。

【点评】细节理解题：考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1.事实细节题→寻读法

分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。

2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。

3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。

4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

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