2019mba联考英语真题及答案

2019 年管理类专业硕士学位联考英语真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .

As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That

conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard

work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in

skill level, strength and inches lost.

For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe

and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need

to 13 my training program.

I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.

Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you

look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.

1.

2. A. cares

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. of from with to

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. of onto for on

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part

A

Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends –and their own consciences. This is why

researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable —it ’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrish Vaish, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.

And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.

In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244

children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.

“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21.R esearchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .

A.regulate a child’s basic emotions

B.improve a child’s intellectual ability

C.intensify a child’s positive feelings

D.fo ster a child’s moral development

22.A ccording to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be .

A. deceptive

B. addictive

C. burdensome

D. inexcusable

23.V aish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from

an awareness that .

A.an emotion can play opposing roles

B.emotions are socially constructive

C.emotional stability can benefit health

D.emotions are context -independent

24.M alti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .

A.may help correct emotional deficiencies

B.can bring about emotional satisfaction

C.can result from either sympathy or guilt

D.may be the outcome of impulsive acts

25.T he word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to

.

A. wrongdoings

B. discussions

C. restrictions

D. teachings

Text

2

Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.

The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.

California’s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.

The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber

or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.

State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.

26.By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that

.

A.forests may become a potential threat

B.people may misunderstand global warming

C.extreme weather conditions may arise

D.global climate change may get out of control

27.T o maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to

.

A.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity

B.strike a balance among different plants

C.accelerate the growth of young trees

D.preserve the diversity of species in them

28.C alifornia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to

A.cultivate more drought-resistant trees

B.find more effective ways to kill insects

C.reduce the density of some of its forests

D.restore its forests quickly after wildfires

29.W hat is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5

A.To carry it out before the year of 2020

B.To handle the areas in serious danger first

C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions

D.To obtain enough financial support

30.T he author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be

described as .

A. ambiguous

B. tolerant

C. cautious

D. supportive

Text

3

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.

Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the . and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.

Perhaps half of . farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native . workers won’t be returning to the farm.

Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.

As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.

The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain that they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal

immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.

In a 2012 survey by, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. In 1998-2000, percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to percent.

In effect, the . can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.

31.W hat problem should be addressed according to the first two

paragraphs

A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the .

B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.

C.Flaws in . immigration rules for farm workers.

D.Decline of job opportunities in . agriculture.

32.O ne trouble with . agricultural workforce is .

A.the rising number of illegal immigrants

B.the high mobility of crop workers

C.the lack of experienced laborers

D.the aging of immigrant farm workers

33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in .

farming

A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.

B.To get native . workers back to farming.

C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.

D.To strengthen financial support for farmers.

34.A gricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .

A.slow granting procedures

B.limit on duration of stay

C.tightened requirements

of annual admissions

35.W hich of the following could be the best title for this text

A.. Agriculture in Decline

B.Import Food or Labor

C.America Saved by Mexico

D.Manpower vs. Automation

Text

4

Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.

The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.

My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.

It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things. Elizabeth R. De Sombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.

None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

36.S ome celebrities star in a new video to .

A.demand new laws on the use of plastics

B.urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

C.invite public opinion on the

plastics crisis the causes of the

plastics crisis

37.The author is

concerned that “moral licensing” may .

A.mislead us into doing worthless things

B.prevent us from making further efforts

C.weaken our sense of accomplishment

D.suppress our desire for success

38.B y pointing out our identity “citizens”, the author indicates

that .

A.our focus should be shifted to community welfare

B.our relationship with local industries is

improving have been actively exercising our

civil rights should press our governments

to lead the combat

39.D e Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should

be .

A.a win-win arrangement

B.a self-driven mechanism

C.a cost-effective approach

D.a top down process

40.T he author concludes that individual efforts .

A.can be too aggressive

B.can be too inconsistent

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