视译补充材料

各位同学请注意：

今天的学习任务是1) 先将一、二、三部分复习一遍并融会贯通；

2）按视译步骤练习第三部分, 完不成的课下自己抽时间完成

3）看录像片（也在自主学习模块中）

4）请大家录制88篇英文短文作为记忆训练和口译训练材料I．Principles and techniques for sight interpretation

Principles:

1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动

为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

e.g. 所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习，//不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种

肤色，//只要他们可以介入互联网。

All //can study // by relying on internet recourses// regardless of their races, //nationalities//and sex//providing that they could have access to the internet.

2. Readjustment 随时调整

指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。

Our national report will be presented to the secretarait between now and Kyoto.

3. Anticipate 适度超前

指口译过程中的预测技能，就是再还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行超“前翻译”，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。

e.g.

套话口译: …我谨代表…//对与会代表表示热烈欢迎//并预祝本次大会

…(取得圆满成功)//

Please allow me to be on behalf of …to extend our warmest welcome to the participants of this conference…and wish the conference a success

4. Reformulation 信息重组

信息重组是同声传译的总策略，因为中英文语言差别比较大，很难做到一一对应地口译，视译时，英遵循“信息”的原则。也就是将源语信息在目标语中根据目标语的语言习惯重新组织信息。

e.g. Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has been observed over a number of years now. A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior. But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.

重组：Over a number of years// whales in the southern Altlantic//have been observed//behaving strangely//. To explain this behavior a team of marine scientists has come

up with a new theory.// But there has arisen a considerable contravercy about the theory// in Argentina.

人们发现南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。// 人们经过多年的观察发现的。// 一些科学家提出了一种新理论，这一理论可以解释这一行为。// 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。

5. Salami Technique 化繁为简

Salami 是意大利语。该技巧指切分句子的技巧，也就是将长句、复杂句进行一些加工处理，反而变成若干个短句或简单句子，便于译员赢得时间，避免信息丢失，内容更利于理解。

e.g. Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has

been observed over a number of years now. A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior. But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.

人们发现南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。// 人们经过多年的观察发现的。// 一些科学家提出了一种新理论，这一理论可以解释这一行为。// 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。

Techniques :

断句、重复、归纳、增补、词性转换、补充、说明、修正/更正

II. Tips for sight interpretation

1、因为视译时不能有中断，开始视译时速度可以放慢一点，基本不会有中断的感觉。

2、熟悉各种体裁的口译文稿，了解其不同的结构模式，培养对其敏感度，学会按相关文

体的类型、格式预测下文的技巧；

3、事先阅读文稿，分析内容，并在重要逻辑转折的地方做好相关标记，显示应有的逻辑关

系以利掌握信息重点，摆脱文字的束缚，如：/ 表示断句，＿＿表示并列、列举，○表示词序掉换；

4、将信息当单位，而不把语法当单位，长句才能变短句。

5、不要一直找应对的字词，在文字上大转转，应根据意义单位，译出意思、信息。

6、表达概念要明确，用字要简练，否则听众难以听明白。

7、有很长修饰语的长句和复杂句要切成数句短句。

8、尽量顺着意思译，宁可切成很多句，也不要将句子拉得太长。

9、断句后需通过重复、增补、归纳和词性转换等手段对原文信息进行整合，使其信息完

整并尽量符合汉语的表达习惯。

10、视译重流畅度，所以不要回头修正，如果一定要修改，最好在后面修正，方式要恰当。

11、总结连词种类，光知道不够，必需会活用与变化。

12、当文中出现附加说明符号时或括号内容，可以用“也就是说”，或“换句话说”。

13、垫/补充的赘词不能太多否则内容会显得松散，占用时间会太多，通常译语发布的时间

不超过原语的时间。

14、国际知名的组织可以原语复读。

III．Three steps for sight interpretation

1) Do the logic analysis and segmenting on the paper first by using markers.

2) Keep practicing until you can do the sight translation of a script fluently.

3) Try to keep in mind those typical writing patterns and expressions for later

interpreting.

III．Materials for sight interpretation

Text 1.2 (P105)

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd., founded in 1985, is a large-scale joint venture that specializes in the research, development, manufacturing and sales of leather bag wear for mobile phones. //Ever since its establishment, it has set up two large standardized plants of which the surface area amounts to 700 thousand square feet and the construction area covers 300 thousand square feet. With 100 well-qualified professionals of management as well as R&D and more than 1000 skilled workers who have rich experience, the corporation has developed more than 10 trademarks and products which have exclusive patents. //

Based on the business philosophy of “perfect the working staff first, and then bring about the best products”and with a state-of-the-art feedback system of comprehensive marketing information, the company has developed all kinds of products ranking from high class, medium class and low class. This whole selection of fine products offers our customers the utmost enjoyment and satisfaction they would expect. Besides, the company sticks to its high qulity and perfect after-sales service, which ensures customer satisfaction. //

Under the leadership of General Manager Mr. James, the whole staff of Golden Harvest has made concerted efforts to relentlessly seek innovation and perfection. At present, the company has taken on a booming prospect and has been developed into one of the largest manufacturers of leather bag wear for mobile phones. //Moreover, the company has created a famous trademark –“WINNER”series, which is well known in the market and loved by both domestic and overseas customers for its unique design, sophisticated workmanship and high quality. //Its sales network not only covers all over the country including Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province, but also spreads to other countries and regions, among which are France, Australia, Canada and some Arab countries such as the United Arab Emirates. As a result, it has formed a highly competitive customers community.//

Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd. will adhere to its operating creed: “Being earnest is the only basis” and will keep its promise forever. We believe that with the support from all our new and old customers, Golden Harvest will survive, flourish and create an even more prosperous future in the new century.// (Excerpted from the brochure of the company profile of Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd.)

Text 1.2 (P98)

广东嘉禾皮具有限公司创立于1985年，是一家集手机皮套的开发、研制、生产、销售为一体的大型专业化合资公司。// 发展至今已拥有两座大型的标准化制造厂，占地面积70万平方英尺，建筑面积30万平方英尺，拥有高素质的专业管理和设计人才近100名，经验丰富的熟练工人1000多名，自主享有专利权的品牌和产品达十多种。

公司本这“先做人，后做事”的经营理念，以领先于时代的创造力和完备的市场信息反馈系统为后盾，不仅拥有高、中、低各种档次齐全的产品，为客户带来五彩缤纷，随心使用的享受。与此同时，还一贯坚持优良的品质和完备的售后服务，保证客户满意。//

公司在总经理詹姆斯先生的领导下，全体嘉禾员工齐心协力、公共拼搏、不断创新、追求完美。呈现出勃勃的生机，并发展成为国内最大的手机皮套制造商之一。//其生成的著名品牌“WINNER”系列，以其独特的设计，精湛的销售网络不仅遍布国内大中城市及港、澳、台地区，还远销法国、澳大利亚、加拿大，以及阿联酋等阿拉伯国家和地区，形成了极具竞争力的客户群。// 广东嘉禾皮具有限公司将永远遵循“只有认真，才是根本”的创业信条，持守承诺，在新的世纪中与所有新老客户共存共荣，共创明天的辉煌！// （改编自《广东嘉禾皮具有限公司简介》宣传手册）

Text 3.2（P137）

The Important Role of CSR

I am particularly pleased to welcome our main speakers today, as well as those who will be leading our workshops this afternoon. Thanks to all of you, whether you have traveled from the UK, from Hong Kong, or from other parts of China.//

CSR is an area to which the British Government attaches particular importance. Indeed, I believe that the British Government was the first, anywhere in the world,to apponit a Minister with specific responsibility for CSR.// So it is with that mind that we have organized today’s event —an event that which the British Consulate- General in Guangzhou, particularly ourCultural and Education Section, alao known as the British Council, and the British Consulate- General in Hong Kong have worked hard togetherto deliver.// the event has been made possible through funding from the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in particular through what is known as the Global OpportunitiesFund, and from the Uk trade & Investment.//

As Chinese companies seek to develop their ambitions of “going global”, or to work in partnership with international companies, as well as to meet the changing expectations of domestic consumes over the coming years, they too will to have to take into account and react to the demands of the gobal consumer —CRS will need toplay an increasinly important role in business planning and decision-making.//In this”work shop of the world”,the source of a major proportion of China’s exports,local

business cannot afford to ignore global trends if they want to play a full role in the global market place.//

CSR的重要地位

首先对今天主要发言人以及下午各个研讨小组主持人的到来表示热烈地欢迎，感谢你们，来自英国，香港或中国其他地区的朋友们。//

英国政府非常重视CRS研究，即企业社会责任这一领域。我相信英国是世界上第一个任命一位部长来负责CRS的国家。//考虑到这一点，我们驻广州领事馆——主要由领馆文化教育处，即英国文化协会负责——和英国驻香港总领事馆合力共同举办今次盛会。//这次盛会得以召开是由于得到英国外交部，特别是外交部所属的“环球机会基金”和英国贸易投资总署共同资助//

在中国公司寻求实现其“走向世界”过程中，或者在与跨国公司合作过程中，亦或在未来几年满足国内消费者不断变化需求的过程中，它们同样要考虑全球的消费者的需求并对此作出反应——在这些过程中CSR会在企业规划和决策中发挥越来越重要的作用。//在中国这个“世界工场”中，大珠三角地区作为中国主要的出口地，本地企业要想在全球市场中发挥更大的作用，忽略全球化趋势将会得不偿失。//

翻译资料英语

FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1

材料英语翻译

①化学这门科学在当今世界非常有用。 ②y对于x的依赖关系用y=f(x)来表示。 ③各种物质的导热能力差异很大③各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 ④这个参数可以准确地加以测量。 ⑤半导体的导电率随温度的变化而变化。 ⑥原子能的恰当名称是核能。 ⑦工程材料的性质依赖于（取决于）它们的成分、结构、合成、加工。 ⑧材料科学与工程这个术语将材料科学与材料工程结合在一起，材料科学在材料知识谱的基础知识端，材料工程在应用知识端，两者之间并没有分界线。 ⑨材料的许多性质强烈依赖于其结构，即使材料的成分保持不变。这就是为什么材料中结构-性质关系或者显微结构-性质关系至关重要。 ⑩上面的两个等式极为重要。 The two equations above are of great importance. 十一.金属棒热端的分子随着那里的温度的增加而振动得越来越快。 Molecules at the hot end of a metallic rod vibrate faster as the temperature there increases. 十二.通常这些参数中有一些是已知的。 Usually some of these parameters are known. 十三.当温度低于临界温度时，电子能自由地通过晶格运动。 As temperatures below the critical temperature, the electrons move freely throughout the lattice. 十四. A随温度的这种变化主要是由B的变化引起的。 This variation of A with temperature is due primarily to variations in B. 十五.这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。 This complicated relationship must be representedgraphically. 十六.原子间的键合作用部分取决于原子的价电子如何结合在一起。键的类型包括金属键、共价键、离子键、范德华键。 十七.键能与键的强度有关，特别是离子键和共价键结合的材料键能很高。高键能的材料常常具有高的熔点、高的弹性模量和低的热膨胀系数。 ③许多陶瓷材料中发现的离子键是当正电性的原子失去电子给负电性的原子，产生带正电的阳离子和带负电的阴离子而形成的。

学生英汉视译句子练习

英汉句子视译练习 Only the United Nations offers a global forum where all Member States, large and small, and nongovernmental actors of every type, can take part in making decisions on world affairs and in elaborating the rules and guiding principles of the international system of which we are all a part. It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January. With the increasing prosperity of Chinese economy, these scholars will play an important part in cementing future Sino-British links, both academically and commercially. There are more than 400 million displaced people worldwide—about half of them are children. Uprooted from their homes and either internally displaced within their own countries or forced to flee as refugees to other states, these people are caught in the difficult limbo between a turbulent past and an uncertain future. I am not a dreamer or philosopher. Like all of you, I too have a family and worry about their future. We have the resources to make a difference. We know how to make a difference. We have the courage to make a difference. We must now act to make a difference. The geographical handicaps and economic and ecological vulnerabilities of the landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, 26 of which are also least developed countries, continue to constrain their overall development. White and black citizens lived and worked very closely together in most communities. The risk is real that scarce resources, disease, and the displacement of people will then lead to disputes and conflicts which will impact on the security of all of us. Before taking your questions, let me mention two other issues that are of particular concern to me at the moment. The government wished to promote regional interests through mutually beneficial relations with the outside world. The Second World Assembly on Aging, held at Madrid in April 2002, highlighted the need to link aging to human rights and social and economic development. The Summit also holds the promise of creating an information society that provides new business opportunities and innovative ways to create prosperity while respecting the interests and cultural heritage of all nations. Today，I would like to share with you my own thoughts about the implications of the ongoing transition to the knowledge-based economy, as well as on how Asians can cope with this transition not only to survive but also to gain competitive strength. As an important segment of the global tourism industry, Asian tourism, though a later starter, has enjoyed a track record of sound development. Allow me, on behalf of the delegation that accompanies me and in my own name, to sincerely thank you for this and convey to you the message of friendship and fraternity of our people. There is no denying that China now plays a much more large role in world affairs than at any time in the last century.

高分子材料工程专业英语翻译(最新修正稿)

UNIT 1 What Are Polymers? 第一单元什么是高聚物？ 什么是高聚物？首先，他们是络合物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种（分子量）化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面，独立的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同(分子量)化合物组成的聚合物。 许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复”，mer意味着“链节、基体”（希腊语中）。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯（合成橡胶）的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简单地描述一下形成过程： 丁二烯＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯 （4000次） 因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质（单体）如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子（高聚物）。实质上，正是由于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于像苯这样的一般化合物(的性能)。1例如，固态苯，在5.5℃熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热，不会转变成各种气体，但它不再是聚乙烯（如图1.1）。 固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯 加热，5.5℃加热，80℃ 固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯 加热加热 图1.1 低分子量化合物（苯）和聚合物（聚乙烯）受热后的不同行为发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。例如，让我们研究一下，将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。盐，代表一种低分子量化合物，在水中达到点（叫饱和点）溶解，但，此后，进一步添加盐不进入溶液中却沉到底部而保持原有的固体状态。饱和盐溶液的粘度与水的粘度不是十分不同，但是，如果我们用聚合物替代，譬如说，将聚乙烯醇添加到固定量的水中，聚合物不是马上进入到溶液中。聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生形变，经过很长的时间以后，（聚乙烯醇分子）进入到溶液中。2同样地，我们可以将大量的聚合物加入到同样量的水中，不存在饱和点。将越来越多的聚合物加入水中，认为聚合物溶解的时间明显地增加，最终呈现柔软像面团一样粘稠的混合物。另一个特点是，在水中聚乙烯醇不会像过量的氯化钠在饱和盐溶液中那样能保持其初始的粉末状态。3总之，我们可以讲（1）聚乙烯醇的溶解需要很长时间，（2）不存在饱和点，（3）粘度的增加是典 型聚合物溶于溶液中的特性，这些特性主要归因于聚合物大分子的尺寸。 如图1.2说明了低分子量化合物和聚合物的溶解行为。 氯化钠晶体加入到水中→晶体进入到溶液中.溶液的粘度不是十分不同于充分搅拌 水的粘度→形成饱和溶液.剩余的晶体维持不溶解状态.加入更多的晶体并搅拌氯化钠的溶 解 聚乙烯醇碎片加入到水中→碎片开始溶胀→碎片慢慢地进入到溶液中允许维持现状 充分搅拌→形成粘稠的聚合物溶液.溶液粘度十分高于水的粘度继续搅拌聚合物的溶解

英文翻译材料

债权人（商业银行）视角的企业经营业绩评价体系设计框架 ———基于工业工程理论 严化川 (东南大学,江苏南京210000，中信银行南京分行，江苏南京210000) 摘要：每个企业都是一个复杂的、有生命力和连续变化的“社会—技术”系统。系统本身与周围环境有着物质和能量的交换。在公司进行财务活动的过程当中，最为典型的“物质和能量”交换便是现金的交换。现金的流动带动了公司相关的供应链和价值链的正常运转。公司的筹资、投资和股利分配三大理财活动构成企业现金交换的完整过程。作为企业融资的主要提供者的商业银行，面对为数众多的数额巨大的资金需求者，深刻感到单纯以企业个体信誉或对企业状况的主观判断和经验估测作为贷款的依据，必然身陷泥潭，血本无归。因此债权人（商业银行）必须对企业经营业绩进行自主的评价。本文基于工业工程理论，对债权人（商业银行）视角的企业经营业绩评价体系设计框架进行浅析，以期基于此框架所设计的企业经营业绩评价体系能够帮助债权人实现维护自身利益的目标。 关键词： 中图分类号：F832 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-4428（2009）08-71-03 企业业绩的测试、评价与改进，是组织系统管理的重要组成部分。作为企业融资的主要提供者的商业银行，面对为数众多的数额巨大的资金需求者，深刻感到单纯以企业个体信誉或对企业状况的主观判断和经验估测作为贷款的依据，必然身陷泥潭，血本无归。因此债权人（商业银行）必须对企业经营业绩进行自主的评价，并且作为企业业绩的评价主体，必须基于自己的视角构建企业经营业绩评价体系，以满足自身对企业经营业绩评价的需求。 基于债权人视角的企业经营业绩评价体系的框架结构应当由评价理念、评价程序、评价方法和评价指标共同构成，它是商业银行以防范信用风险和操作风险为目标的内控制度的重要环节。 一、确立正确的评价理念 管理首先是一种理念，管理的实践是一项系统工程，管理是在一定的理念指导下为了实现现实目标的系统工程。 评价理念是指导企业经营业绩评价的基本原则，是整个评价体系运行的前提。根据工业工程的基本原理，我们应当确立系统变异的观点，从全局\ 整体系统思考的观点，以及价值定向的观点。 （一）系统或过程/流程变异的观点 分析和掌握系统或过程/流程变异的观点是工业工程建立有效的测量系统的重要出发点。 设计企业经营业绩评价体系，需要考虑组织背景对企业经营业绩评价的影响。这里所说的组织背景是指企业的生产经营活动所面临的外部环境和内部环境，包括外部环境、技术、组织战略、组织结构、规模、文化等变量。 工业工程理论提出：企业是一个复杂的，有生命，连续变化，“今天和昨天不一样”的大系统，具有时变的动态特征。近些年来，经济全球化使企业变得更加复杂化和动态化，企业面对市场变化、竞争规则、经济、市场和资源条件都同已有的经验极不同，企业面临着日益增大的商务风险，并且这种风险还处在不断变化当中。 因而在设计企业业绩评价体系时，我们必须按照工业工程所指出的那样，利用数据统计方法和量化分析掌握系统或过程/流程的变异，了解变异的本质，并对之实施管理控制。鉴于了解工作性能/业绩方面统计思考起着更加关键的作用，我们应当按照以下要点进行统计思考： 1、所有的工作都是相互关联的过程或流程的一部分。 2、变化（变异或变差）总是存在于每个过程/流程中。 3、85%以上的问题是过程流程变化造成的。 4、过程决策必须建立在合适的过程数据基础上。 （二）从全局/整体进行系统思考的观点

翻译资料

False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。

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材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性

材料科学基础专有名词英文翻译

Fundamentals of Materials Science 材料科学基础名词与术语 第一章绪论 metal: 金属 ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料 Processing: 加工过程 Structure: 组织结构 Properties: 性质 Performance: 使用性能 Mechanical properties: 力学性能 Electrical properties: 电性能 Thermal behavior: 热性能 Magnetic properties: 磁性能 Optical properties: 光性能 Deteriorative characteristics: 老 化特性 第二章原子结构与原子键 Atomic mass unit (amu): 原子质量单位 Atomic number: 原子数 Atomic weight: 原子量 Bohr atomic model: 波尔原子模型Bonding energy: 键能 Coulombic force: 库仑力 Covalent bond: 共价键 Dipole (electric): 偶极子electronic configuration: 电子构型electron state: 电位 Electronegative: 负电的 Electropositive: 正电的 Ground state: 基态 Hydrogen bond: 氢键 Ionic bond: 离子键 Isotope: 同位素 Metallic bond: 金属键 Mole: 摩尔 Molecule: 分子 Pauli exclusion principle: 泡利不相 容原理 Periodic table: 元素周期表 Polar molecule: 极性分子 Primary bonding: 强键 Quantum mechanics: 量子力学 Quantum number: 量子数 Secondary bonding: 弱键 valence electron: 价电子 van der waals bond: 范德华键 Wave-mechanical model: 波粒二象 性模型 第三章金属与陶瓷的结构 Allotropy: 同素异形现象 Amorphous: 无定形 Anion: 阴离子 Anisotropy: 各向异性 atomic packing factor(APF): 原子堆积因数body-centered cubic (BCC): 体心立方结构Bragg’s law: 布拉格定律 Cation: 阳离子 coordination number: 配位数 crystal structure: 晶体结构 crystal system: 晶系 crystalline: 晶体的 diffraction: 衍射 face-centered cubic (FCC): 面心立方结构第五章晶体缺陷 Alloy: 合金 A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements. 由两种及以上元素组成的金属材料。 Weight percent (wt%)：质量百分数 Concentration specification on the basis of weight (or mass) of a particular element relative to the total alloy weight (or mass). Stoichiometry: 正常价化合物 For ionic compounds, the state of having exactly the ratio of cations to anions speci-fied by the chemical formula. 在离子化合物中，正、负离子的比例严格遵守化学公式定义的化合价关系。 Imperfection: 缺陷，不完整性 A deviation from perfection; normally applied to crystalline materials wherein there is a deviation from atomic/molecular order and/or continuity. 对完美性的偏离，在材料科学领域中通常指晶体材料中原子/分子在排列顺序/连续性上的偏离。 Point defect: 点缺陷 A crystalline defect associated with one or, at most, several atomic sites. 一种仅波及一个或数个原子的晶体缺陷。 Vacancy: 空位 A normally occupied lattice site from which an atom or ion is missing. 一个缺失原子或离子的晶格节点位置。 Vacancy diffusion: 空位扩散

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例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no

材料科学与工程计划专业英语第三版翻译以及其答案

UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料 四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性能的材料，基于预期的性能。材料科学家发展或者合成（synthesize）新的材料，然而材料工程师则是生产新产品或者运用现有的材料来发展生产材料的技术，绝大部分材料学的毕业生被同时训练成为材料科学家以及材料工程师。 五、s tructure”一词是个模糊（nebulous ）的术语值得解释。简单地说，材料的结构通常与其内在成分的排列有关。原子（subatomic）内的结构包括介于单个原子间的电子和原子核的相互作用。在原子水平上，结构包括（emcompasses）原子或分子与其他相关的原子或分子的组织。在更大的结构领域（realm）上，其包括大的原子团，这些原子团通常聚集（agglomerate）在一起，称为“微观”结构，意思是可以使用某种显微镜直接观察 得到的结构。最后，结构单元可以通过肉眼看到的称为宏观结构。 六、“Property”一词的概念值得详细（elaborate）阐述。在使用中，所有材料对外部的刺激（stimuli）都表现（evoke）出某种反应。比如，材料受到力作用会引起形变，或者抛光金属表面会反射光。材料的特征取决于其对外部刺激的反应程度（magnitude）。通常，材料的性质与其形状及大小无关。 七、实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学（optical）和腐蚀性（deteriorative）。对于每一种性质，其都有一种对特定刺激（stimulus）引起反应的能力。如机械性能与施加压力引起的形变有关，包括弹性、强度和韧性。对于电性能，如电导性（conductivity）和介电（dielectric）系数，特定的刺激物（stimulus）是电场。固体的热学行为则可用热容和热导率来表示。磁学性质表示一种材料对施加的电场的感应能力。对于光学性质（optical），刺激物（stimulus）是电磁或光照。用折射（refraction）和反射（reflectivity）来表示光学性质。最后，腐蚀（deteriorative）性质表示材料的化学反应能力。

翻译材料

Chapter 3 of S. T. Coleridge’s Biographia Literaria To anonymous 匿名的critics in reviews综述，评论, magazines, and news-journals 新闻杂志 of various name and rank, and to satirists 讽刺作家with or without a name in verse诗 or prose散文, or in verse-text aided by prose-comment, I do seriously believe and profess声称，表明, that I owe full two-thirds of whatever reputation and publicity I happen to碰巧 possess. For when the name of an individual has occurred so frequently, in so many works, for so great a length of time, the readers of these works—(which with a shelf or two of beauties, elegant Extracts and Anas, form nine-tenths of the reading of the reading Public [14])—cannot but be familiar with the name, without distinctly remembering whether it was introduced for eulogy颂词 or for censure责备. And this becomes the more likely, if (as I believe) the habit of perusing periodical works may be properly added to Averroes' catalogue of Anti-Mnemonics记忆术, or weakeners 削弱器 of the memory [15]. But where this has not been the case, yet the reader will be apt to倾向于 suspect that there must be something more than usually strong and extensive in a reputation, that could either require or stand so merciless and long-continued a cannonading炮轰. Without any feeling of anger therefore—(for which indeed, on my own account, I have no pretext)—I may yet be allowed to express some degree of surprise, that, after having run the critical gauntlet严酷考验，夹叉射击 for a certain class of faults which I had, nothing having come before the judgment-seat in the interim在其间, I should, year after year, quarter after quarter, month after month—(not to mention sundry petty periodicals of still quicker revolution, "or weekly or diurnal")—have been, for at least seventeen years consecutively, dragged forth拖出来 by them into the foremost ranks of the proscribed被禁的, and forced to abide the brunt冲击，主要冲力 of abuse, for faults directly opposite, and which I certainly had not. How shall I explain this? Whatever may have been the case with others, I certainly cannot attribute this persecution迫害，烦扰 to personal dislike, or to envy, or to feelings of vindictive怀恨的，有报复心的 animosity憎恶，仇恨. Not to the former, for with the exception of a very few who are my intimate friends, and were so before they were known as authors, I have had little other acquaintance with literary characters, than what may be implied in an accidental introduction, or casual meeting in a mixed company. And as far as words and looks can be trusted, I must