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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识
人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

Grammar

Direct and Indirect Speech Ⅰ直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)

直接引语(direct speech):直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。

间接引语(indirect speech):用自己的话转述别人的话。

1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句She said , “I’m going to Beijing.”

She said that she was going to Beijing.

2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句He asked, “Are you a doctor?”

He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.

3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句She asked, “What are you doing?”

She asked me what I was doing.

直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化

陈述句

用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told 来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说told that。

He said, “I have been to Japan.”

He said to us that he had been to Japan.

She said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.”

She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.

陈述句解题步骤:

“I don’t like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.

Sarah said to her friendsthat

(I don’t like computers.)

一般疑问句

间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原

主句中谓语动词said要改为asked

(me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序

Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty

with English?”

Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any

difficulty with English.

He said, “You are interested in English,

aren’t you?”

He asked whether I was interested in English.

一般疑问句解题步骤:

Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?

( They asked him )

It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.

They asked himif(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.)

Askediswas

They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

特殊疑问句

原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。

He said to me, “Where are you from?”

He asked me where I was from.

He asked us, “How many factories are

there in your country?”

He asked us how many factories there

were in our country.

特殊疑问句解题步骤:

When do you harvest the wheat?

( They asked him )

They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheat

he

They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

选择疑问句

用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)

He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?”

He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese.

I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?”

I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.

谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点:

1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时, 时态可不变。The children said, “We love this game.”

The children told us that they love that game.

3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时, 时态不变。

She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”

She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化

1. 注意时态的变化

2. 注意人称和指示代词变化

3. 注意时间和地点的变化

4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化

played football

was playing

had played

had played

would play

had played

Attention:

There are some cases in which we don ’t need to change the tense in indirect speech. When direct speech is about:

a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 时间表

c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语

d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语

He said he …

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1. 一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词 例如:Rice is planted in the south of China. 2. 一般过去时was/were + 过去分词 例如:These trees were planted the year before last. 3. 一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词 例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school. 4. 现在进行时am/is/are + being + 过去分词 例如:Your radio is being repaired now. 5. 过去进行时was/were + being + 过去分词 When he got there, the problem was being discussed. 6. 现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词 His work has been finished. Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 7. 过去完成时had + been + 过去分词 注意: 1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their qu estions haven’t got answered.

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第一讲定语从句 一关键词 定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 先行词:定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词:关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。 关系词可以1) 代替先行词;2) 引导定语从句;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如:The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中,the car 为先行词;which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought,同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who指人,在定语从句中作主语。 whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。 which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略。 that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 whose 通常指人,有时也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 Note: whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替: 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。 注意:which和as引导非限制性定语从句时,有时并没有特定的先行词,而是代表前面说的整个情况。这时which和as 被看作单数,译作“这一点”,其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。如:He said he was a Frenchman,which/as was not true. 但须注意,as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前,which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。如:As is known to all,China is a socialist country. China is a socialist country, as/which is known to all. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。 注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 介词+关系代词 1)根据动词选择介词。I don't know the foreigner with whom my teacher shook hands.(或I don't know the foreigner whom my teacher shook hands with.) Note: who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语;有的短语动词是不能拆开的,常见的这类短语有:look for,look after等。

人教版高中英语必修一unit1知识点总结

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精心整理U1 addsth.up把……加起来 addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里 addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) Concerningsth=Regardingsth关于,某事 gothroughahardtime经历了一段困难时期 gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper浏览报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱

setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop在车站让我下车aseriesof onpurpose=bydesign故意 byaccident=bychance偶然,碰巧 sufferfrom因……而痛苦,患……病sufferfromloneliness因孤独而痛苦sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 遭受,蒙受(痛苦、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭受严重损失

sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭受痛苦;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.痛苦,苦难 recoverfromillness betiredof(doing)sth厌烦做某事 betiredfrom(doing)sth因做某事很累 Tellhimthatheshouldhavestudied.本该做却没做Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoug hts?定语从句 HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered. abouteverythingtodowithnature.不定式作后置定语

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