并列连词以及并列句

知识讲解

知识点1：并列句的概念、分类。

并列句是指由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的句子，其中简单句由并列连词连在一起。并列连词连接的简单句叫做分句。常见的并列句分为联合、转折、因果和选择关系四种。

知识点2：并列句中连词的用法。

1.并列句构成：简单句＋连接词＋简单句

2.连词分类

（1）按形式分

①单一连词：but，for，that，why，and，if等

②短语连词：according to，now that，in case，as long as等

③成对连词：both...and，not only...but also...，either...or，neither...nor等

（2）按用法分

①从属连词：引导从句的连词称为从属连词，主要引导名词从句、定语从句、状语从句（详见各类从句）

②并列连词：连接主语和主语、动词和动词等语法作用相同部分的连词称为并列连词。并列连词有：and和，but但是，nor也不，so因而，yet然而，however可是，since从此，then然后，or或者，否则，nevertheless然而，as well as也，又，for因为，not only...but also不仅……而且，both...and两者都，neither...nor既不……也不……，either...or或者……或者注意：并列连词要注意主谓一致问题（详见主谓一致）

3.连词种类及用法

（1）积累连词

①and（和；同；与；又；并且）Eg：Mary and Lily are both interested in collecting stamps.

②both...and（既...又...）Eg:Both you and I have changed a lot in the past twenty years.

③not only...but also（不仅...而且...）Eg：Not only you but also I am to blame.（就近）

④as well as（和；同；也；除...之外）Eg：You as well as I are supposed to respect the old.（主谓一致）注意：名词A + as well as + 名词B，作主语，强调A not only + 名词A + but also + 名词B，作主语，强调B

⑤never...but (除了……不会) Eg：It never rains but it pours.

（2）转折连词

①but（但是；可是；而；却）Eg：The situation looked desperate，but they didn’t give up hope.

②while（而；但是；可是；却）Eg：He is fat while his sister is thin.

③however，nevertheless，yet，still（但是；然而；尽管如此）Eg：She always tells lies，nevertheless，

I still trust her.

④when（正当那时；突然；=and just at that time）Eg：I was just about to leave when the telephone rang.

（3）选择连词

or（否则，要不然；肯：或者，还是；否：也不；）Eg：Do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later?

②otherwise/or else/or（否则）Eg：You will have to go now，or/or else/otherwise you will miss the bus.

③neither...nor（既不...也不...）Eg：The equipment is neither accurate nor safe.

④either...or（或是...或是...；不是...就是...）Eg：Either she leaves the house，or I will call the policeman. A or B or C 注意：多个对象选择either A or B or C Neither A nor B nor C

⑤not...but（不是...而是...）Eg：The teacher didn’t scold him，but comforted him.

（4）因果连词

①so（原因+so+结果，意为因此，所以）Eg：I heard a noise，so I got out of bed and turned on the light. 注意：不能与because出现在同一句子中，因为because是从属连词，so是并列连词

②for（结果+for+原因，意义上与从属连词because/since/as相同，但只能接简单句）Eg：The day must break now，for the birds are singing now. 注意：for引导的句子只能置于句末，之前必须有逗号for分句不能用来回答why问句

（5）rather than（而不是；与其...宁愿...）Eg：Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride bicycle.

4.并列句的省略：若后面分句有词和前面分句的词重复，为避免重复，可省Eg：I work in a factory and my sister (works) on a farm. She could have applied for that job,but she didn't (applied for that job).

1.【考查点】联合关系的并列句中，常见的连词有and, not only…but (also), neither…nor…

等。

如：She likes playing the piano and she often practices.

她喜欢弹钢琴而且经常练习。

Not only can Tom speak Chinese, but his father could also speak Chinese.

汤姆和他爸爸都会说汉语。

Neither does he like math nor does his daughter like.

他和他的女儿都不喜欢数学。

2.【考查点】转折关系的并列句中，常见的连词有but, however, while, when, yet, still, though

等。but, while不与although连用，但yet, still可与although连用。

如：He was ill, but he still kept on studying.

他生病了，可他还是坚持学习。

It is difficult to learn a foreign language, however, Mary made it.

学习一门外语很难，但玛丽做到了。

Some people are negative, while others are positive.

有些人很消极，但其他人很乐观。

3.【考查点】因果关系的并列句中，常见的连词有so, therefore, for等。so不能与because

连用。

如：I have to prepare for my examinat ion this weekend, so I can’t go shopping with you.

这周末我得为考试做准备，所以不能陪你购物了。

The store were closed, therefore, I didn’t buy any goods.

那家商店关门了，所以我没有买到什么东西。

It must have rained, for it is wet outside.

肯定下雨了，外面是湿的。

4.【考查点】选择关系的并列句中，常见的连词有or, otherwise, either…or…等。

如：Come here on time tomorrow, or/otherwise you will miss the good opportunity.

明天一定按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。

Either you need to go, or I need.

要么你得去，要么我去。

5.【易错点】but, however和while的用法比较。

but不需要另起新句。

如：He likes painting, but he can’t afford the tuit ion.

他喜欢画画，但他交不起学费。

However需要另起新句，中间用逗号隔开。

如：She has made great progress in her work, however, she still wants to gain more.

她已经在工作中做出了很大进步，但她仍然想得到更多。

While既表示转折，又表示对比。

如：There is relatively little rain in the north while there is plenty of rain in the south.

北方相对少雨而南方多雨。

知识点2：包含并列句的特殊句式。

1.【考查点】“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”，其中祈使句表示一个条件，and后的句子表示结

果，or后面的句子表示相反的结果。

如：Climb to the top of the mountain, and you’ll get a good view of the city.

=If you climb to the top of the mountain, you’ll get a good view of the city.

爬上山顶你就会欣赏到这个城市的美景。

Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.

赶快，不然你会迟到的。

2.【考查点】“名词短语，and/or＋陈述句”，其中名词短语可能表示条件或时间，and后的

句子表示结果，or后面的句子表示相反的结果。

如：Another five minutes, and I’ll finish the composition.

=If you give me another five minutes, I’ll finish the composition.

再给五分钟我就能完成作文。

Some water, or the flower will die.

=If you don’t give some water, the flower will die.

多浇些水，不然那朵花会枯萎。

三、例题精析

【例题1】

She is a good actress, ____ she is very popular with audience.

A. but

B. yet

C. so

D. or

【答案】：C

【解析】：本题考查并列连词。她是一个很好的演员，所以她受到观众的追捧。but但是，yet 却，so所以，or或者、否则。句子前后是因果关系，故选C。

【例题2】

John can play the guitar, ______ he can’t play chess.

A.for

B. however

C. or

D. but

【答案】：D

【解析】：本题考查并列连词。约翰会弹吉他，但他不会下棋。for因为，however意为但是，需另起新句，or或者、否则，but但是。句子前后是转折关系，故选D。

【例题3】

There’ s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails.

A. since

B. if

C. as

D. while

【答案】：D

【解析】：本题考查并列连词。不清楚为什么一个人有重大发现,而另一个也很聪明的人却失败了。A因为，B如果，C因为，D但是。句子前后是转折关系，故选D。

【例题4】

Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. so

【答案】：B

【解析】：本题考查并列连词。读这个故事,你就会意识到并不是一切东西都能用金钱买到的。“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的顺承关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选B。

【例题5】

Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could have problems. A.or B. and C. but D. so

【答案】：A

【解析】：本题考查并列连词。在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示选择关系，or后面的句子表示相反的结果，故选A。

四、课堂运用

【基础】

1.The car is old, _______ it is in good condition.

A.or

B. yet

C. and

D. so

2.He is severely ill, _______ he doesn’t give up hope.

A.otherwise

B. and

C. but

D. therefore

3._______ you are right, _______ I am.

A. Neither, nor

B. Not only, but also

C. Either, or

D. Not, but

4. John plays basketball well，________ his favorite sport is badminton.

A．so B．or C．yet D．for

【巩固】

5. I was glad to meet Jenny again,I didn’t want to spend all day with her.

A. but

B. and

C. so

D. or

6. Find ways to praise your children often，________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to

you.

A．till B．or C．and D．but

7. It’ s not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible.

A. but

B. or

C. for

D. so

【拔高】

8．—Someone wants you on the phone.

—________ nobody knows I am here.

A．Although B．And C．While D．But

9. At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with

one another.

A. since

B. although

C. so

D. while

10. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.

A. or

B. so

C. and

D. but

答案及解析：

1.B本题考查并列句。这辆车很旧，但它仍然状态良好。句子前后是转折的关系，故选B。

2.C本题考查并列句。他病得很重，但他没有放弃希望。句子前后是转折的关系，故选C。

3.C本题考查并列句。要么你对，要么我对。句子前后是选择关系，故选C。

4.C本题考查并列句。约翰篮球打得很好，但他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。句子前后是转折

关系，故选C。

5.A本题考查并列句。我很高兴又见到了珍妮，但我不想一整天和她待一起。句子前后是

转折关系，故选A。

6.C本题考查并列句。经常找一些方法表扬你的孩子，你会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。“祈

使句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的顺承关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选C。

7.A本题考查并列句。习惯不容易改变，但是有了意识和自律，它也是可能的。句子前后

是转折关系，故选A。

8.D本题考查并列句。——有人打电话找你。——但是没人知道我在这儿。两句话间是转

折关系，故选D。

9.D本题考查并列句。在学校，有些学生很主动，有些比较腼腆，但是他们能成为彼此的

好朋友。句子前后为对比转折关系，故选D。

10.A本题考查并列句。你必须从路上挪走，不然卡车无法通过。句子前后是选择关系，故

选A。

课后作业

【基础】

1.—Mary, turn the heat down, ________ burn.

—OK, mum.

A. the cake will

B. or the cake will

C. will the cake

D. and the cake will

2. Bring the flowers into a warm room they’ll soon open.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. for

3. In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise

their children.

A. but

B. while

C. because

D. though

4. ________ I know the book has one missing page, I still want to take it.

A. Unless

B. Since

C. Before

D. While

【巩固】

5. ________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

A. Since

B. While

C. If

D. As

6. Come earlier tomorrow ________ you will see him.

A. and

B. or

C. although

D. even

7. I need complete quietness when I am writing. A little noise from the outside my

inspiration will go.

A. till

B. or

C. and

D. but

【拔高】

8. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. although

B. for

C. but

D. so

9.—I had practiced my spoken English many times, but still failed in the oral test.

—Don’t be discouraged. ________ and you will surely pass it.

A.Make a bit more effort

B.To make a bit more effort

C.Making a bit more effort

D.If you make a bit more effort

10. When I graduated from high school, my family had a business ________ I never thought about

getting a college education.

A. so

B. or

C. since

D. though

答案及解析：

1.B本题考查并列句。——玛丽，把火调小，不然蛋糕会烤焦。——好的，妈妈。“祈使

句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的选择关系，or后的句子表示相反的结果，故选B。

2. B 本题考查并列句。把花带进温暖的房间它们很快会开发。“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”

为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的顺承关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选B。

3.B本题考查并列句。在一些地方人们期望女性赚钱，男性在家劳动并抚养孩子。句子前

后为对比转折关系，故选B。

4.D本题考查并列句。尽管我知道这本书少了一页，我还是想买它。句子前后为转折关系，

故选D。

5.B本题考查并列句。虽然他们所有人都是很有实力的候选人，但只有一个人能得到这个

职位。句子前后是转折关系，故选B。

6.C本题考查并列句。明天早点来，你就能见到他。“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句

型，题干表示条件和结果的顺承关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选C。

7.B本题考查并列句。我在写作时需要绝对的安静。外界发出一点噪音我的灵感就不见了。

“名词短语+ and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的选择关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选B。

8.B本题考查并列句。他发现读书越来越困难了，因为他的实力开始下降。句子前后为因

果关系，故选B。

9.A本题考查并列句。——我已经练习了很多遍口语，但是口语考试还是不及格。——不

要灰心，多一些努力你肯定能通过考试。“祈使句，and/or +陈述句”为固定句型，题干表示条件和结果的顺承关系，and后的句子表示结果，故选A。

10.A本题考查并列句。我从高中毕业时家人在做生意，所以我从没想过要接受大学教育。

句子前后位因果关系，故选A。