(英语)高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)提高训练

（英语）高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)提高训练

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.

TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.

The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to "offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers," as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.

The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.

TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.

The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.

（1）What is the main topic of the article?

A.The case against TED

B.What's on TED today.

C.Pros and cons of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,.

D.What is TED

（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.The TED conference came after the success of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,.

B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.

C.TED talks are available in many languages.

D.The Sapling Foundation owns https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,.

（3）From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.

A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published

B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers

C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful

D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation

（4）This author probably believes that________.

A.TED is elitist

B.TED is beneficial

C.TED isn't important

D.TED is the best website

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“And at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,, you can access lect ures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED 是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。可知，“TED大会是在https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e11774868.html,网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whate ver its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.

Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."

（1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time.

B. It involves interesting ideas.

C. It requires complex techniques.

D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.

（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?

A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.

B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.

C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.

D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful

B. Doubtful.

C. Disapproving.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.

B. Culture.

C. Education.

D. Pop-science.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to "keep a positive image" of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手册).

Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.

The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the "dos" and "don'ts" to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents.

In the manual, Russia's famous "three warriors" are meant to represent the city's law enforcement agencies (执法机关), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on

Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.

The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian.

"We want to raise their level of law awareness," he added.

Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as "not to offend anyone",

said Mr. Kalinin.

"The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived," Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be "difficult" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers.（1）The underlined word "antagonists" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by "________".

A. friends

B. acquaintances

C. cooperators

D. opponents

（2）People from other countries come to Moscow "________".

A. to find well-paid jobs

B. to have a new lifestyle

C. to enjoy the fine climate

D. to experience a new culture

（3）The third paragraph is mainly about "________".

A. consequences the migrants may suffer

B. the purpose of publishing the handbook

C. the measures to attract foreign migrants

D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales

（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia

B. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobs

C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow

D. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行

为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"They say a 100-page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce "tensions" between natives and migrants."可知，他们说

需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关

系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为

“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia,

the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don'ts’ to migrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Take a look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. Read them loud. Now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. If you speak English, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. If you are Chinese, though, you're almost certain to get it right every time. Why is that? Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.

That example comes from Stanislas Dahaene's book The Number Sense. As Dahaene explains: Chinese number words are remarkably brief. Most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is “si” and 7 “qi”). Their English pronunciations are longer. The memory gap between English and Chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length. It turns out that there is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and Asian languages are constructed. In English, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. But we don't. We use a different form: eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. For numbers above 20, we put the “decade” first and the unit number second (twenty-one, twenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). The number system in English is highly irregular. Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system. Eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on.

That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children. Four-year-old Chinese children can count, on average, to 40. American children at that age can count only to 15. By the age of five, in other words, American children are already a year behind their Asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills.

The regularity of their number system also means that Asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easily. Ask an English-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). Only

then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. Ask an Asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessary equation(等式) is right there, in the sentence. No number translation is necessary: it's five-tens-nine.

When it comes to math, in other words, Asians have a built-in advantage. For years, students from China, South Korea, and Japan --- outperformed their Western classmates at mathematics, and the typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of Asian talent for math. The differences between the number systems in the East and the West suggest something very different --- that being good at math may also be rooted in a group's culture.

（1）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The Asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better.

B. Western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge.

C. Children in Western countries have to learn by heart the learning things.

D. Asian children's advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.

（2）What makes a Chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an American?

A. Their understanding of numbers.

B. Their mother tongue.

C. Their math education.

D. Their different IQ.

（3）Asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because ____________.

A. they pronounce the numbers in a shorter period

B. they practice math from an early age

C. they don't have to translate language into numbers first

D. American children can only count to 15 at the age of four

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。

（1）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的The number system in English is highly irregular.Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system.（英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。）及第四段中的That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.（这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or

read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.（因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。与英语不同，汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之内）可推知，比起美国人，中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知，亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案，是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。故选C。

5．阅读理解

Spending Christmas in a foreign country can be a truly eye-opening experience, especially since it's easy to believe that as a worldwide festival, most countries probably celebrate it in a fairly similar manner. Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold. In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.

With celebrations beginning on 7 December, Columbia is recognized as having the longest Christmas celebrations period in the world. The celebrations generally begin in the evening with the lighting of candles, either in the streets, parks or outside people's homes. Cities are lit up by candles, as this day marks the beginning of the Christmas period. Although decorations have been up since early November, another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home.

Probably the biggest surprise for me has been the music people listen to during the Christmas period. At first, you could easily mistake these songs for the classic salsa, which is played all year round. However, after asking a Colombian if it really felt like Christmas music, they explained to me that the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.

Being in a country like Colombia during this festive period has taught me that you don't need to be religious to take part in these Christmas traditions.

（1）What's the authors opinion of Christmas?

A.It isn't a global festival.

B.It isn't a time for being alone.

C.It is mainly devoted to religion.

D.It's celebrated only in some places.

（2）What can we learn about the Christmas music?

A.It is celebrated in the same way as in the UK.

B.It is celebrated mainly as a religious festival.

C.It is celebrated for nine days or so.

D.It is celebrated with lanterns and fireworks.

（3）What do Colombians do during the Christmas celebration period?

A.Enjoy traditional foods.

B.Go to the church together.

C.Learn abut home decorations.

D.Have a one-month-long holiday.

（4）Colombians love the songs mainly because ______.

A.they sound extremely wonderful

B.they express best wishes for the future

C.they represent good memories of the past

D.they have been passed down for generations

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在哥伦比亚圣诞节的意义及人们的庆祝方式。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold.”可知在作者眼里，圣诞节意味着与家人和朋友共度时光，交换礼物，吃喝玩乐。圣诞节是团聚的时间不是独处的时间。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.”可知在哥伦比亚，圣诞节更多的是作为宗教节日被庆祝的，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home. ”可知在哥伦比亚，家人和朋友团聚祈祷，唱歌，共享传统食物。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the songs are loved more for th e memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.”可知哥伦比亚圣诞音乐让人喜爱是因为它们所象征的记忆，是要保持对过去岁月的美好记忆。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture. Jazz clubs around the city still host concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs, the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has live jazz seven nights a week.

But the real history of jazz in Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenue's culture, jazz music was gone from the streets for many years.

Indiana Avenue was the heart of a neighborhood along the White River. It was a center for

black music and live street music. The wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place that poorer families, including many African-American and immigrant (移民) families, moved to.

Jazz prospered in the mix of American cultures around the Avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. But in the 1950s, things changed. After the war, there were projects to make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. Both of these seemed like good changes. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.

After many years, Indianapolis remembered the value of its arts and music culture. It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue. Once again, the high living costs in these historic arts areas pushed low-income families out.

Today there are several old-style jazz clubs where friends can meet up to remember the past or just enjoy a summer evening. It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue.

（1）What does the author mainly want to say in Paragraph 1?

A.Jazz clubs can make big money.

B.Jazz musicians often hold concerts.

C.Jazz music is popular in Indianapolis.

D.Jazz culture is just part of Indianapolis' culture.

（2）What does the underlined word "prospered" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Disappeared quickly.

B.Arrived soon.

C.Recovered soon.

D.Developed well.

（3）What did Indianapolis do to bring back its lost culture?

A.It rebuilt some old important areas.

B.It invited old jazz musicians to sing in the city.

C.It educated people about the value of music culture.

D.It settled low-income families in the Indiana Avenue community,

（4）According to the passage, which of the following about modern Indy jazz is true?

A.Its home culture is gone.

B.Its styles are too traditional.

C.It shows the sadness of the poor.

D.It is no longer a favorite of the young.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianap olis' art culture.” 现在到了2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中中的“But in the 1950s, things changed…. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.” 但在20世纪50年代，情况发生了变化。……然而，新的大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展”。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue.” 它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。为此，它开始做出新的改变。这些改变包括修复像The Avenue这样的历史街区。可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue. ”乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实:现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道上的文化的一个影子。可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

After shopping for deals in stores on "Black Friday", or online on "Cyber Monday", Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular "Giving Tuesday". Starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd Street Y, a cultural center in New York City and United Nations Foundation.

As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness. In 2015, 700, 000 people from 71 countries came together to donate $116.7 million in cash. An additional $1.08 million was spent on gifts.

While the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. You can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. If all else fails, a purchase from the growing number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick.

But perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. Assist a family member with a simple chore like folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading to a younger sibling. No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well!

（1）Which of the following has the shortest history?

A. Black Friday

B. Giving Tuesday

C. Thanksgiving Day

D. Cyber Monday

（2）What's the main purpose of "Giving Tuesday"?

A. To make Thanksgiving Day enjoyable

B. To get voluntary work better known

C. To encourage more people to do charities

D. To persuade more people to shop online

（3）Why does the author advise sharing good deeds on social media?

A. To keep a record of one's experience

B. To help people make new friends

C. To donate money to local schools

D. To make Giving Tuesday more popular

（4）Which section of a website does the next probably come from?

A. Education

B. Culture

C. Lifestyle

D. Business

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Giving Tuesday （给予星期二）。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“After shopping for deals in stores on ‘Black Friday’, or online on ‘Cyber Monday’, Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular ‘Giving Tuesday’"可知在"黑色星期五"或"网络星期一"购物后，美国人和世界各地的人都在为新流行的"给予星期二"做准备，"给予星期二"是一个新流行，说明它最近才出现，应该是历史最短的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As the name indicat es, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness.”可知 "给予星期二"是为了重新启动慈善活动季，因此，人们会为当地的非营利组织和学校筹集资金，组织食品和衣物捐赠活动，并进行一些随机的善举。这说明这个活动主要是为了鼓励人们做慈善，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well!”可知作者鼓励无论人们做什么，一定要在社交媒体上分享他们的善行，并鼓励其他人也庆祝"给予星期二"!这说明作者鼓励人们在社交媒体分享善行就是为了让越来越多的人参与到这个活动，让这个活动更受欢迎，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了"给予星期二"这一活动，人们会在这一天进行各种慈善活动，这反映了社会价值，是一种社会文化，所以最后可能来自网站的文化板块，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times. Whatever your taste, there's a food festival to match -no matter how specialized. Meatopia

This three-day, London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover's paradise. In addition to a range of meat products, from burgers to steaks, attendees can listen to live music, watch butchery shows, and attend informal meat-based workshops.

Vegfest

If you prefer a festival that will help you meet your five a day, then Vegfest fest is for you. This vegan-friendly event takes place several times a year. Here you can enjoy a wide selection of freshly prepared vegetables, learn cooking tips and hear talks on nutrition to help you make the most of your plant-based search.

The Marmalade Festival

Held in Cumbria, this festival has been running for 13 years. It includes a competition to find the best homemade marmalade. There are thousands of entries from over 30 different countries across the globe.

The Ginger (姜) and spice Festival

The Ginger and spice Festival, held in Market Drayton, celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger. Because of this, they specialize in baking gingerbread, but also sell a range of spices from mild to hot.

The National Honey show

It started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind. This three-day event attracts over 2000 participants to their traditional competition and offers lectures and workshops on beekeeping and, of course, that syrupy golden honey.

While people's tastes are different from each other, the UK has something to offer most people. From large-scale festivities, to the smaller gatherings, one thing is certain: people are passionate about their food. And while some of the products on offer might be strange to someone, when food is given that much attention, it's unlikely to leave a bad taste in anyone's mouth.

（1）Which is TRUE according to the passage?

A. People can enjoy a wide selection of meat in Vegfest.

B. Meatopia falls on August 31 every year.

C. The Marmalade Festival is just known by the British.

D. Robert Clive took ginger to the UK from India.

（2）Which festival will be most a tractive for people having a sweet tooth?

A. Meatopia

B. The Ginger and spice Festival,

C. Vegfest.

D. The National Honey show.（3）In which part of a magazine can you most probably find this passage?

A. Voice & views.

B. Science & Technology.

C. Culture

D. Sports.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国常见的美食节的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。根据The Ginger (姜) and spice Festival部分中的"The Ginger and spice Festival, held in Market Drayton, celebrates its town's historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger"可知，在德雷顿市场举办的生姜和香料节庆祝了小镇与罗伯特·克莱夫的历史联系，罗伯特·克莱夫从印度带回了生姜。所以罗伯特·克莱夫从印度把姜

带回了英国。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据The National Honey show部分中的" This three-day event attracts over 2000 participants to their traditional competition, and offers lectures and workshops on beekeeping and, of course, that syrupy golden honey."可知，这个为期三天的活动吸引了2000多名参赛者参加他们的传统比赛，并提供有关养蜂的讲座和研讨会，当然，还有甜腻的金色蜂蜜。所以The National Honey show对爱吃甜食的人最有吸引力。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段"Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times. Whatever your taste, there's a food festival to match -no matter how specialized."美食节在英国很常见，在任何地方、任何时间都可以举办。无论你的口味如何，总有一个美食节适合你。所以短文介绍了英国常见的美食节的相关信息。而美食节是文化的一部分。所以判断出最有可能在杂志的文化部分,找到这篇文章。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并步根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

It is commonly believed that in medieval France, New Year was celebrated on 1 April. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, changing New Year to 1 January. With no modern communications, news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned. Many people did not hear of the change, some merely forgot, and others chose to ignore it. These people were called fools. Invitations to non-existent "New Year" parties were sent and other practical jokes were played. Over time playing tricks on 1 April became a tradition. The custom eventually spread to England and Scotland, and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American colonies (殖民地) of the English and the French. April Fools' Day has now developed into an international festival of fun, with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways.

France and Italy

In France and Italy, if someone plays a trick on you, you are the "fish of April". By the month of April fish have only just hatched and are therefore easy to catch. Children stick paper fish to their Friends' backs and chocolate fish are found in the shops.

America and Britain

Today, Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on 1 April. A common trick is to point to a friend's shoe and say "Your shoelace(鞋带) is untied." When they look down, they are laughed at. Schoolchildren might tell a friend that school has been cancelled. Sometimes the media get involved. Once, a British short film was shown on April Fools' Day about spaghetti farmers and how they harvest their crop from spaghetti trees!

Scotland

In Scotland, April Fools' Day lasts for two days! The second day is called "Taily Day" and tricks on this day involve the bottom (or the "tail", in informal speech). Often a sign saying ‘kick me' is stuck onto someone's back without them knowing.

（1）In what condition would someone be called "fish of April" in France?

A. When one is fooled.

B. If one is fond of fish.

C. When one fools others.

D. If one prefers chocolate.

（2）What was the purpose of the British short film?

A. To help the audience.

B. To trick the audience.

C. To warn the audience.

D. To inform the audience.

（3）Where does April Fools' Day last for more than one day?

A. Italy.

B. France.

C. America.

D. Scotland.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，愚人节现在已经发展成为一个国际性的娱乐节日，不同的国家以不同的方式庆祝这一天。作者讲述了关于“愚人节”的一些事情以及一些国家愚人节的风俗习惯。

（1）考查细节理解。根据France and Italy部分中的“In France and Italy, if someone plays a trick on you, you are the‘fish of April’.“在法国和意大利，如果有人捉弄你，你就是“四月鱼”。”可知，在法国当一个人被愚弄时才会有人被称为“四月鱼”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据America and Britain部分中的“Today, Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on 1 April.和Once, a British short film was shown on April Fools' Day about spaghetti farmers and how they harvest their crop from spaghetti trees!”今天，美国人和英国人都会在4月1日这天对朋友和陌生人开些小玩笑。有一次，愚人节放映了一部英国短片，讲的是种意大利面的农民如何从意大利面树上收获意大利面”和“有一次，愚人节放映了一部英国短片，讲的是种意大利面的农民如何从意大利面树上收获意大利面。”可知，英国短片的目的是来欺骗观众。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Scotland部分中的“In Scotland, April Fools' Day lasts for two days!“在苏格兰，愚人节要持续两天！”可知，在苏格兰愚人节持续超过一天。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the

case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.

Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer's time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.

When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.

That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.

Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.

（1）Which of the following can best replace "beckoned for" in Paragraph 2?

A. Examined.

B. Attracted.

C. Organized.

D. Recognized.

（2）What can we learn from the research?

A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.

B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.

C. Working straight after school narrows people's minds.

D. College students pride themselves on their education.

（3）According to the last two paragraphs, .

A. college students enjoy a very good public image

B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude

C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks

D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the finding?

A. Concerned.

B. Optimistic.

C. Unclear.

D. Sceptical.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，读大学究竟能带给我们什么？德国蒂宾根大学的Jessika Golle 研究得到的结果和人们所期待的大有不同。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job. ”原始组中有382人就读中等学校，这些人是研究人员重点关注的对象。其中212名被大学录取，剩下的170人选择职业培训或参加工作。根据下文“The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.”从而可以猜测出beckoned for为"召唤；吸引 "之意。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them. ”然而，大学其实并没有开阔人们的眼界。相反，是工作使人们的思维变得狭窄了。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. ”可知，但是那些选择职业培训的人，他们对探究型和开创型任务的兴趣明显下降，从而可以推断出由于职业培训，人们对调查性工作的兴趣降低。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If Dr. Goll e is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration. ”如果Golle 的结论正确，并且由于培训（德国人以此为傲）而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题，可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

高考英语阅读理解三篇

(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.

英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案详解第47期

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold 【答案】 1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。 2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。

高三英语每日一练1

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