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Grammar过去分词V-ed的用法导学案(1)

Step 2: Observation

1 I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting..

2 My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed my exams.

3 After the accident, they found the front windows broken.

4 Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.

Conclusion:

过去分词可以在句中作______, ________, _________ 和__________.

Step 3: Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks.

1 The______ (fall) leaves are beautiful.

2 They were ________ (excite).

3 The 29th Olympic Game _______(hold ) in Beijing was successful.

Task 1 过去分词作定语

1．Translation

a closed door________ a polluted river ________ a broken window_______

一支点燃的蜡烛________一枚用过的邮票_______一个醉鬼___________

前置定语：归纳：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词_______。

2 Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Last Monday our class went on an organized trip to a forest to study the wildlife. We planned to have our picnic lunch in the forest next to a fallen tree, but the terrible smell given off by a polluted river made us feel sick. We searched the forest for the polluter, and found an unknown factory throwing waste into the river. We all think it is a serious problem and one solution suggested by all of our classmates is to close the factory as soon as possible.

(1)Find out the past participle used as the Attributive.（找出V-ed形式做定语）

(2)Change the underline part into the Attributive clause.

the terrible smell given off by a polluted river made us feel sick.

=____________________________________________________________

one solution suggested by all of our classmates is to close the factory as soon as possible. =______________________________________________________________________ 后置定语

归纳：过去分词短语作定语：通常_____，其作用相当于定语从句。

Practice :

(1)a picture painted by Leonardo Da Vinci

=It’s a picture __________ _____ painted by Leonardo da Vinci

(2)a woman dressed in white

=There was a woman ________ ____ dressed in white

仿写

(1)The book which is written by Han Han is popular with students.

=______________________________________________________

(2)The player loved by many people is Yao Ming.

=______________________________________________________

(3)The boy who is injured can not take part in the sports meet.

=The ________ boy can not take part in the sports meet.

(4)All books which were borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.

=All books _________________________should be returned by Friday.

Comparison :

现在分词和过去分词做定语，有何区别呢？

boiling water VS boiled water

a barking dog VS an injured dog

结论：

现在分词作定语,表示动作__________, _______意义;

过去分词作定语,表示动作在谓语之前已_______,或具有________意义.

不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作________，不表示被动意义；

及物动词的过去分词作定语，则表________ 或_____________.

Task 2 过去分词作表语

Observation

1.They are excited.

2.He looked worried after reading the letter.

3.When we heard of this, we were deeply moved.

Conclusion :过去分词作表语位于系动词后，不表示“被动”或“完成”，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情等。相当于形容词

拓展：系动词的分类

基本形式：

“似乎类”：

“感觉类”：

“变成类”：

“仍然类”：

Comparison 1 :V-ing 与V-ed 作表语的区别

1.They were ________ to hear the _______ news.(delight)

2. The teacher announced the _______ news with an _______voice.(excite)

4.There was a _________ (surprise) look on his face.

5. The story was so________ (move) that he was _______ (move) to tears.

归纳:__________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ Comparison 2 : 与系表结构的区别

1 The library is closed.

The library is closed by the teacher.

2 My glasses are broken.

My glasses were broken by my little brother.

归纳:__________________________________________________________

A COMPETITION

1 Use –ed forms to finish the story.

I was shown some pictures just now. I was very__________________ to see the ____________________ air, the __________________ Tibetan goats________________. I am also puzzled by_______________. I am worried __________________.

2 Combine the two sentences into one, including v-ed

(1)Huangyan Island belongs to China .

(2) Huangyan Island was discovered and drawn in a map as early as 1279 during the Yuan Dynasty.

3 精“译”求精

没有足够幸运的人能成为明星。但是还是有人决定进军乐坛。只要歌手有机会站在由浙江卫视举办的才艺展示节目-中国好声音，他的梦想就会实现。

Very few people are lucky enough to become a famous pop star, but somebody _____________ break into the music industry. Once the singer get the chance to perform on The Voice of China, a talent show _____________________ , her dream of stardom is ________.

4 Liu Xiang is a player ______(love) by many thousands of fans. Unluckily, he got ______(injure) in the game,in2012 London Olympics. The __________ (surprise) news got across to the world and his fans were ____________ (disappoint) to see it，but they still wished him a happy life.

Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.

1. 丢了钱他自责不已。(blame)

He ______________ about losing the money.

2你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？(tired)

Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days?

3我对昨晚看的电影很失望,我原以为它能好些。(disappointed)

I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.

4听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。

Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．

当堂检测：

一、用括号内的动词适当形式填空：

1. Do you know the man _____ (speak) at the meeting?

2. Do you know the man _____ (praise) at the meeting?

3. The building _____ (put) up just now is our library.

4. The building _____ (put) up now will be our new company.

5. The building _____ (put ) up next year will be our new company

6. There was an old temple _____ (stand) at the top of the hill.

7. There is a sports meeting _____ (hold) next Tuesday

8. There was an old man ______ (live) in the village.

9. Warmly _____ (praise) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.

10. Once _____ (arm), we are afraid of nothing.

Multiple choices

1. As we joined the big crowd, I got _____ from my friends.

A. separated

B. to separate

C. separate

D. separating

2. Cleaning women in the big cities get ____ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

3. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices .

A. are bought

B. bought

C. been bought

D. buying

4. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. Having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

5. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden(植物园) attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt [KEYS] 当堂检测：1．(speaking) (praised)(put) (being put)

. ( to be put) (standing) (to be held) (living) (praised) (armed)

2. 1-5BBDDA 6-10BCD DB 11-15BCCAD 16-20 DCCAC

过去分词用法

过去分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声，伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作，但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面，其常具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性） He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮（written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信，非打字的信件）过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村，从为见过火车。过去分词作这状语过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间） Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下，对这大城市感到迷惑（表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步）、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的（表伴随） Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全，用彩图表示的（表方式）过去分词用作补语用作宾语补语，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了

过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法现在分词的七种用法（一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleep ing boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are play ing outside not to make too much no ise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an En glish-speak ing coun try. （二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。女口amus ing, discourag ing, puzzli ng, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：

The story is movi ng. （三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的 “主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting.（主表关系） I saw Mary going upstairs then.（主谓关系）（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如： Bei ng ill, Mary did n't come to school yesterday. 2?作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如： Seeing their teacher coming, the stude nts stopped talk ing. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when 或while。例如： While wait ing for the pla ne, I had a long talk with Sim on. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如： Work ing harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如： Weighi ng almost two hun dred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如： He died, leav ing no thi ng but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1．过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如：（1）spoken English 英语口语（过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语）（2）Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。（过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语；过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。） 2．过去分词的基本形式（1）规则动词的过去分词由动词＋ed构成（2）不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。（3）不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如： fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen落叶（4）及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如： the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器（及物动词的过去分词表示被动） I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。（及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成）二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

过去分词用法归纳

过去分词用法归纳-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

过去分词用法归纳 Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。一．状语情况 1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because 等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice. 2

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿ on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿ to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿ on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿ the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿ the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

get+过去分词用法详解

“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下：一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成，例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

过去分词用法归纳

过去分词用法归纳Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。一．状语情况1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. — 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. — 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice.

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意

义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。常见分词作状语的情况举例：表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.

过去分词的用法详解

过去分词的用法详解 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）预定的座位在哪里？ This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： The funds raised （= which have been raised）are mainly used for helping the homeless. 筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 There are many students waiting （= who are waiting）to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 This book，written （= which is written）in simple English，is suitable for beginners. 本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 The newly-built building is our office building. 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天有许多落叶。 The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的这一类词有：fallen，faded，returned，retired，risen，grown up，vanished 等。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1）跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，want，start，notice，observe，watch，set等。例如： When they returned home from the holiday，they found their house stolen. 当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） We want this work finished quickly.

动词过去分词的用法

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。补充说明补充说明【例】Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。【例】Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands)Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization. ____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6) A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995, 6)A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. 2. 分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。【例如】This is really an exhausting day to all of us!We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack. 3. 分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。【例如】On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from

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