高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题.doc

阅读理解专项突破——主旨大意

【命题特点】

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把

握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。

【常见考法】

1标题类常见的标题型题干：

1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.

2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.

3)What is the best title for the passage?

4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?

2 大意类常见的主题型题干：

5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?

7) What is the subject discussed in the text?

8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?

3 目的主旨大意题

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______.

The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______

【答题技巧】

这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段

常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用

一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈

述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。

做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，

再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意

义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但

必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

一、主题句呈现的形式

1.文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常

见的演绎法写作方式.

例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front

page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most

popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population

is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources

too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we

continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

2.文尾，在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见

的归纳法写作方式

例3.A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but

it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes

man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so

many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as

long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great

advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.

3.文中，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,

而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.

例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so

helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark

situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also

needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

4.首尾呼应，为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式

较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展

的意味。

例5.（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said…

（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people

bitten by snakes.”Shu said.

5.无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细

节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既

不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation.

He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and,

later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a

corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

What is the main idea of the passage?＿＿＿＿

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

分析：此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身

看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明

的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作

者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ

除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词

文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, th us…..I agree with the opinion that….;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that….; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer…．

二、实例说明

例1（文章请看推理判断例2，2003年全国高考）

1.What would be the best title for the text?

A．Computers and Printers B．E-mail and the Business World

C．Internet Revolution and Environment D．Modern Technology and New Markets

分析：本题考查对于全文主旨大意的把握并要求考生据此选择最佳标题．

全文的关键词应该是Internet和Environment，因此答案为C．

其余选项中的computers，printers，e—mail，business world，technology，market都在文中提

到了，但其作用只是为了阐明主题所需，答题时不可以点代面．

例2：As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）in the

U.S.continues to grow."We needed furniture（家具）for our living room,"says John Ross,"and we

just didn't have enough money to buy it.So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs."John

got married six months ago,and like many young people these days,they are struggling to make a

home at a time when the cost of living is very high.The Rosses took a 2-week course for $ 280 at a

night school.Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.Jim Hatfield has

three boys and his wife died.Hs has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e217701612.html,st

month,he received a car repair bill for $ 420."I was deeply upset about it.Now I've finished a car

repair course,I should be able to fix the car by myself."John and Jim are not unusual people.Most

families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so the can fight the high cost

of living.If you want to become a "do-it-yourselfer",you can go to DIY calsses.And for those who

don't have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.

（1998NMET）

2.What would be the best title for the text?

A.the Joy of DIY

B.You Can Do It Too!

C.Welcome to Our DIY Course!

D.Ross and Hatfield:Believers in DIY.

分析：根据首句As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）

in the U.S.continues to grow.和尾句And for those who don't have time to take a course,there are

books that tell you how you can do things yourself.可以知道答案为 B

例3：A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of（证明有罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.

Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD,has been told she could end up behind bars unless she

can control the desire to steal from shops .

Luz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road ,Cambridge ,admitted stealing clothes

worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street ,London ,on March 9.

Phillip Lemoyne ,prosecuting（起诉）,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took

kirts

them to the ladies’ toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the s

she had selected ,having taken off the anti-theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）.

She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying ,Mr Lemoyne said.

He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.

Luz,28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October ,but

Morag Duff, defending ,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that .

“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this , Miss Duff said . “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store .She is at a loss to explain it . She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked

for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.

Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50, and warned : “You’ve got a criminal record .If you

carry on like this ,you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have.”

Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain ,went on to a famous

university in Berlin , Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambri University ,UK.（2004福建）

3.What would be the best title for the passage ?

A．Shoplifting Shame of a PhD Student B。Apologizing for the Actions in Shops

C．Seeking Professional Help from Experts D。Controlling the Desire to Steal from Shops

分析：文章主要讲的是一个女博士生盗窃的事，唯有A答案(女博士的偷窃丑闻)点出了主题，

其他答案均为细节的描述，不能成为正确答案

例4：Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be

curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow

students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.

what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major First, let’s talk about

may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending

lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to

sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large

universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also,

you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of

hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting

usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading,

and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct

discussion sections.

If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend

more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in

subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.（2004

重庆卷）

4.The main purpose of this text is---------------.

A.to help the students to learn about university life

B. to persuade the students to attend lectures

C.to encourage the sudents to take part in discussions

D.to advise the students to choose proper majors

分析：答案A B、C为细节，无论对错不能成为此类题型的答案.D.没有涉及到如何选择

专业的问题

You may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along

with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.

例5：Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows

exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met,

they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on

and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on

shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached. meeting or leaving each other. “Let’ｓ

Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No.

Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite

to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in

shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for

politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly-

There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open

and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some

people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake

hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.（2005年安徽卷）

5.The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.

A. where handshaking was first practiced

B. how handshaking came about

C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade

D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China

分析：第一段主要讲述了握手的起源。答案 B

6.The main purpose of the text is ______.

A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West

B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking

C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West

D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad

分析：本篇讲述了在什么情况下握手比较得体，给我们提供了有关握手的事实。答案 B Everyone’s at it , even my neighbors . I thought I m i ght be the only person left in the world who hadn’t done an eBay deal . So, I decided to try my hand at online auction (网上拍卖) . Buying for beginners: Sign up on https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e217701612.html, . Most items (e. g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come w ith a picture and a shart description ; others may be marked with

Now” and have a fixed price . You can buy these right away.

If the item is being auctioned , you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出价) for you . The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid,

then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and

when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.

How to pay : Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders . The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用卡). Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item . I

followed my friends’ advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10

-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.

The big things in life: It’s easy to post a small item , but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen . Check the ways of delivery before you bid. （05 天津卷

A 篇）

What is the passage mainly about?

A．How to make payment online. B．Ways of making delivery online.

C．Advantages of an online-auction system. D．How to use an online-auction system.

解析：这是一篇说明文，文章结构清晰明了，第一段介绍注册网址、网上的拍卖品；第二段

介绍怎样竞价；第三段介绍怎样付款。把三段的大意联系起来我们就可以概括出文章的中心：

网络拍卖系统的使用方法。由此，我们很容易得出答案：D。

赠送以下资料

考试知识点技巧大全

一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水

大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。科学研究证实,虽然大脑的重量只占人体重量的2%-3%,但大脑消耗的能量却占食物所产生的总能量的20%,它的能量来源靠葡萄糖氧化过程产生。

据医学文献记载,一个健康的青少年学生30分钟用脑,血糖浓度在120毫克/100毫升,大脑反应快,记忆力强；90分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至80毫克/100毫升，大脑功能尚正常；连续120分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至60毫克/100毫升，大脑反应迟钝，思维能力较差。

我们中考、高考每一科考试时间都在2小时或2小时以上且用脑强度大，这样可引起低血糖并造成大脑疲劳，从而影响大脑的正常发挥，

对考试成绩产生重大影响。因此建议考生，在用脑60分钟时，开始补饮25%浓度的葡萄糖水100毫升左右，为一个高效果的考试加油。

二、考场记忆“短路”怎么办呢？

对于考生来说，掌握有效的应试技巧比再做题突击更为有效。

1.草稿纸也要逐题顺序写草稿要整洁，草稿纸使用要便于检查。不要

在一大张纸上乱写乱画，东写一些，西写一些。打草稿也要像解题一

样，一题一题顺着序号往下写。最好在草稿纸题号前注上符号，以确

定检查侧重点。为了便于做完试卷后的复查，草稿纸一般可以折成4-8块的小方格，标注题号以便核查，保留清晰的分析和计算过程。

2.答题要按先易后难顺序不要考虑考试难度与结果，可以先用5分钟熟悉试卷，合理安排考试进度，先易后难，先熟后生，排除干扰。

考试中很可能遇到一些没有见过或复习过的难题，不要蒙了。一般中考试卷的题型难度分布基本上是从易到难排列的，或者交替排列。

3.遇到容易试题不能浮躁遇到容易题，审题要细致。圈点关键字词，

边审题边画草图，明确解题思路。有些考生一旦遇到容易的题目，便

觉得心应手、兴奋异常，往往情绪激动，甚至得意忘形。要避免急于

求成、粗枝大叶，防止受熟题答案与解题过程的定式思维影响，避免

漏题，错题，丢掉不该丢的分。

4. 答题不要犹豫不决选择题做出选择时要慎重，要关注题干中的否定用词，对比筛选四个选项的差异和联系，特别注意保留计算型选择题

的解答过程。当试题出现几种疑惑不决的答案时，考生一定要有主见，有自信心，即使不能确定答案，也不能长时间犹豫，浪费时间，最终

也应把认为正确程度最高的答案写到试卷上，不要在答案处留白或

开天窗。

5.试卷检查要细心有序应答要准确。一般答题时，语言表达要尽量简

明扼要，填涂答题纸绝不能错位。答完试题，如果时间允许，一般都

要进行试卷答题的复查。复查要谨慎，可以利用逆向思维，反向推理

论证，联系生活实际，评估结果的合理性，选择特殊取值，多次归纳

总结。

另外，对不同题型可采用不同的检查方法。选择题可采用例证法，举

出一两例来能分别证明其他选项不对便可安心。对填空题，则一要检

查审题;二要检查思路是否完整;三要检查数据代入是否正确;四要检查计算过程;五要看答案是否合题意;六要检查步骤是否齐全，符号是否

规范。还要复查一些客观题的答案有无遗漏，答案错位填涂，并复核

你心存疑虑的项目。若没有充分的理由，一般不要改变你依据第一感

觉做出的选择。

6、万一记忆短路可慢呼吸考试中，有些考生因为怯场，导致无法

集中精神，甚至大脑忽然一片空白，发生记忆堵塞。此时不要紧张，不妨尝试如下方式：

首先是稳定心态，保持镇静，并注意调节自己的呼吸率。先慢吸气，

当对自己说放松时缓慢呼气，再考虑你正在努力回忆的问题，如果

你仍不能回想起来，就暂时搁下这道题，开始选做其他会的试题，过

段时间再回过头来做这道题。

第二，积极联想。你不妨回忆老师在讲课时的情景或自己的复习笔记，并努力回忆与发生记忆堵塞问题有关的论据和概念，把回忆起的内容

迅速记下来，然后，看能否从中挑出一些有用的材料或线索。

第三，进行一分钟自我暗示。即根据自己的实际，选择能激励自己，

使自己能心情平静和增强信心的话，在心中默念3至5遍。比如：我已平静下来，我能够考好、我有信心，一定能考出理想的成绩等等。

第四，分析内容，查找相关要点。借助试卷上其它试题，也许会给考

生提供某些线索。因此不要轻易放弃，查看试题中的相关要点，看看

是否能给考生提供线索或启发。

高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 [ By: 平分秋色 ] 推荐 高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 1．细节事实题： ⑴标志： ①题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息 ②针对文章中的一句或几句发问 ③题干和选项之间是因果关系 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文 ①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文 ②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度） ③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度） ④找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。 ⑶迷惑人的手段： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断

2．例证题： ⑴标志：case example illustration demonstration exemplify demonstrate illustrate ⑵做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子 ⑶做题的步骤： ①首先返回原文定位该例子 ②然后80％向上、20％向下搜索该例子支持的论点 ③在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案 3．词汇题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文 ⑶如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义 ⑷做题的方法：可以使用两种方法从上下文进行推理： ①代入替换法 ②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组 4．句子理解题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理

2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二 Gongli/2016/11/14 阅读理解之主旨大意题 一、阅读技巧“tips” （一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主 题,标题或目的设题。 （二）题干表现形式 1.What would be the best title of the passage? 2.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.What does the text mainly talk about? 5.What is the (main) purpose of this article? 6.The purpose of the passage is ___ . 7.What’s the topic of the article? 8.What is the main idea of the passage? 9.The passage is intended to _____. （三）应试技巧 1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“ 主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意 2.无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。 Exercises. Text 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在__________________________________________________ Text 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic

在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误： ①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小); ②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围); ③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。 1.2012朝阳期末 Why play games? Because they are fun, and we can learn even more while playing. Following the rules, planning your next move, acting as a team member —these are all ―game‖ ideas that you will come across all through your life. They can help you in different ways. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are very interesting. But perhaps more importantly, they translate part of life into exciting games that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作). Many children’s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which improves the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in fishing. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the event (比赛项目) know that a gold medal is a win for the whole country, not just the athlete who got it. For countries experiencing natural disasters (灾害) or wars, an Olympic win can mean so much. Sports games are also an event that unites (团结) people. Football is the most popular sport in the world. People all over the world play it —some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian football player, has discovered a way to spread hope through football. He created a foundation (基金会) to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a bright future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other parts of your life. 55．What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Games can help people in different ways. B. People are advised to play games for fun. C. An Olympic win means a lot to every country. D. Sports can get people all over the world together. 2.2012朝阳期末 Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost mention recycling, which is the process (过程) of treating used things, such as paper or steel so that they can be used again. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more things than we need. We are now dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the possible greenest way, but it would be far better if we did not bring so many things home in the first place. Here is an example. In the UK, the total of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a household’s waste. In many supermarkets, foods are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging causes serious environmental problems. The UK is running out of different kinds of ways for dealing with this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect (效果). Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The best way of avoiding this problem is to stop producing such unnecessary things in the first place. Food waste is another serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers (消费者) to buy more than they need. They seldom encourage customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to connect packaging with quality (质量). We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. Is it true for all the products? I n fact, more and more companies realized the importance of protecting the environment. They try to package what really should be packaged, including products in good quality. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize how many unnecessary things are being

A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services

阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?

主旨大意题的阅读理解题 主旨大意是全文或相关段落的概括和总结，主要考查学生在理解文章的基础上对全文的高度概括。 （1）Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine stepping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp, an Australian farmer, saw a rain of fish that covered his farm. How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof! What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish. The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm. When it is spring in the northern part of the world . it is fall in Australia .Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and huge vacuum cleaners , collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish . Strong winds may carry these bits nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields , houses, and astonished people. What is this passage about? A、A sad story B、A rain of fish C、Australian’s northern part D、The damage done by floods (2) Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout , but we soon found that both the students and the teachers

精编高中英语阅读理解题型解读大全 （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.读首段，找关键词（人名、地名、建筑、组织名、数字或but and besides howeverso therefor）。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.围绕关键词上下看一句。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.重复品味首尾段把好主题方向 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。

2021届高考英语主旨大意题专项练习 1 I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning. In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom. As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world. Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)． 1．What problem did the author have in the morning？ A．She often slept late. B．Her alarm failed to work. C．She got some noisy neighbors. D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster. 2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2？ A．She was a very careful woman. B．She was quite satisfied with her flat. C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable. D．Her household articles were in poor condition. 3．What happened when the author was making a burger？ A．She was seriously injured. B．She made a terrible mistake.

高中阅读理解题型解读（教师版） （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法

高中英语阅读理解9大题型+解题技巧 一、例证题 1.例证题的标记。当题干中出现 example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify时。 2.返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 3.搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子 周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例 子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 5.例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容 拉出来让你去选。(╳) 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪 开始到哪结束。 二、指代题 1.返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 2.向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再 找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 三、词汇题 “搜索代入”法： ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找 不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合 适

④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义 直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是 形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一 句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思， 我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽 型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 四、句子理解题 1.返回原文找到原句。 2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若 该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体 决定的。 3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇 换种表达而已。 4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。 思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。 五、推理题 “最近原则” 1.标志：learn, infer, imply, inform

高考复习——阅读理解之主旨大意题 （一） With the development of science and technology, new inventions, especially new electronic products, have made people's lives easy and convenient. But as the saying puts: A coin has two sides. One day, I was walking in the park with a friend and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. Pumping petrol at the station? Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe(刷)your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to a teller who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into ATM? Pretty soon you won't have the burden of making eye contact at the grocery shop. Some supermarket chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out, avoiding those check-out people who look at you and ask how you are doing. I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy. More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up a call because I didn't really have time to talk. The communications industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier. So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging, with people who live near me，no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home. （1）Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. The Advance of Communications Technology B. The Consequences of Modern Technology C. The Process of Communications Revolution D. The Automation of Modern Communications （2）Paragraphs 5 to 7 are listed as examples, which show that the use of modern communications is________. A. encouraging B. disappointing C. satisfying D. embarrassing （3）The passage implies that ____________. A. modern technology is bridging the people B. modern technology is separating the people

高中英语阅读理解9大题型+解题技巧 1.例证题： ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。 即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳) 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。

②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3.词汇题： “搜索代入”法： ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。