非谓语动词对比

非谓语动词用法对比讲

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：

Collecting information about children’s health is his job.

收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。

It’s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

（1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do

（2）It’s kind (good, frie ndly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave)of sb. to do.

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：

It’s no good (use, fun) doing.

It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.

It’s worth while doing.

二、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, ca n’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。

3、在forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.

He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我发信。）

I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，记得给我们写信。

I don’t remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。

I regret to tell you that I can’t go to your birth-day party.

我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。

They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。

He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend.

他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She tried reading a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。

I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。

A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.

真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。

4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。 The washing-machine needs repairing.（或用：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。

The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。

This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。

The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid

The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.

医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。

We wish him to remain and accept the post.

我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等。例如：

We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。

The boss made them work twelve hours a day.

老板让他们一天干12小时工作。

注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to

的不定式做状语。

Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday.

妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。

He had a meeting to attend. 他有个会要开。

3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系, 如是主谓关系用现在分词，动宾关系用过去分词。例：

We heard him singing the song when we came in.

当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。

When she saw his son sitting in the last row,she felt very disappointed. We have heard the song sung twice. 我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。

When she saw her son seated in the last row, she felt very disappointed.

试试看:

1.Please speak loudly to make yourself ________________ ( hear)clearly.

2.Don’t leave\have \keep him _______________ ( stand) in the rain.

3.Finding his car _______________(run ) beyond the speed ,the policeman gave him a ticket.

4.He always keeps his box _______________( lock)

5.He is absent.He is having his house ________________( repair).

6.I noticed all the eyes ______________( look) at the star when she appeared at the stage.

7.I noticed all the eyes ______________( fix ) upon the star when she appeared at the stage.

8.I feel my heart_________________( beat ) fast.

9.When I found myself ________________ ( laugh )at ,I became angry.

五、非谓语动词做定语：

1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作。

He had no house to live in but a lot of work to do. 他没有房子住却有好多活要干。

2.一些名词后常用动词不定式作定语, 如chance(机会), way(方法), plan(计划), ability(能力), attempt(企图, 尝试)等。

She assured us of her ability to solve the problem.

她向我们保证她解决问题的能力

2.the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等作名词或者修饰代词时。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

3.现在分词和被修饰的名词是主谓关系，过去分词和被修饰的词是动宾关系

The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me.

（ the mobile phone 和 lie为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）

The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.

（the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系，即主动关系，故用现在分词）

The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.

（the house 和 build为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）

The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me.

（the mobile phone 和 lay 为动宾关系，即被动关系，故用过去分词）

1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter.

2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.

3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again.

4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.

5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world.

6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.

7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago.

8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.

9.The car ____________________(make ) in Japan is of high qulity.

10.A checking delegation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school.

A checking delegation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.

11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class.

The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.

12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt?

Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt?

13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly

The students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.

14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.

The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.

六、不定式与分词做状语：

1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）

To make himself heard, he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）

All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)

2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：

Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful. 从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语） Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）

Being tired, they went on working. 虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）

Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. 由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）

He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）

试试看：

1.__________________(give ) more time ,we can do the work better.

2.__________________( give ) us more time, you can get a better result.

3._________________( lose ) my key ,I couldn’t enter my room.

4__________________________( not receive) his letter ,I decided to another .

5.____________________(dress) in a red shirt ,he is easy to find from the crowd.

6. ___________________( wear ) a red shirt ,he is easy to find from the crowd.

7.__________________( concentrate) on his newspaper, he didn’t notice my arrival.

8.__________________( absorb )in his newspaper, he didn’t notice my arrival.

9.__________________( compare ) him with you,I think you lucky.

10._________________ (compare) with him ,you are lucky.

11.__________________( recognize) as a thief, he was caught alive.

12.__________________( find ) the man stealing my wallet ,I called the police.

13.Once ___________________(find ) smoking in the office, you will be fined.

14.Though _________________( invite), I won’t attend his party.

15.The old man never speaks Unless __________________ ( speak ) to.

16. He was forced to leave his home,__________________(decide) never to return.

17. He was forced to leave his home,_________________(determine) never to return.

18.The professor came into the classroom, _______________(follow) his students.

19. .The professor came into the classroom, _______________(follow) by his students.

20.A beggar died of cold, _________________( leave ) his body exposed.

A beggar died of cold, _________________( dress ) in nothing.

A beggar died of cold, _________________(wear ) nothing.

A beggar died of cold,_________________( have ) nothing on.

A beggar died of cold ,_________________( cover) with nothing.

非谓语动词题型讲解

非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。

一、分析句子结构

1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it .

2. ________many times , he still couldn't understand it .

A. Having been told .

B. Told

C. He was told

D. Though he had been told

3. ________to the left , you'll find the post office .

4. If you ________to the left , you'll find the post office .

5. ________to the left , and you'll find the post office .

A. Turning

B. To turn

C. Turn

D. Turned

二、分析逻辑主语

确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。

1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .

A. There being

B. It were

C. There were

D. It being

2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .

三、分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .

2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .

3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .

4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .

A. was washed

B. washed

C.were washed

D.having washed

四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。

1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .

2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .

3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.

A. having been built

B.to be built

C.being built

D. built

又如：

1. He stood there______for his mother .

2. ______for two hours , he went away .

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. waited

D.Having waited

需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。如：

What is the reason for ______there ?

A. not your going

B. not your go

C. your not going

D. you not to go

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