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天津理工大学 计算机网络题库

天津理工大学 计算机网络题库
天津理工大学 计算机网络题库

PARTⅠ:Choice

B 1.Which of the following services does not the transport layer provide for the application layer?

A.In-order delivery of data segments between processes

B.Best effort delivery of data segments between communicating hosts

C.Multiplexing and demultiplexing of transport layer segments

D.Congestion control

A 2.What are the two of the most important protocols in the Internet?

A.TCP and IP

B.TCP and UDP

C.TCP and SMTP

D.ARP and DNS

C 3.The Internet provides two services to its distributed applications:a connection oriented reliable service and a().

A.connection oriented unreliable service

B.connectionless reliable service

C.connectionless unreliable service

D.In order data transport service

D 4.Processes on two different end systems communicate with each other by exchanging()across the computer network.

A.packets

B.datagram

C.frames

D.messages

A 5.The job of delivering the data in a transport-layer segment to the correct socket is called().

A.demultiplexing

B.multiplexing

C.TDM

D.FDM

C 6.Two important reasons that the Internet is organized as a hierarchy of networks for the purposes of routing are:

A.Least cost and maximum free circuit availability

B.Message complexity and speed of convergence

C.Scale and administrative autonomy

D.Link cost changes and link failure

B7.Which of characters is not distance-vector algorithm’s characters?()

A.iterative

B.global

C.asynchronous

D.distributed

D8.The length of IPV6address is()bits.

A.32

B.48

C.64

D.128

C9.The host component of a CIDR address of the form a.b.c.d/25can contain addresses for:

A.225hosts(minus“special”hosts)

B.512hosts(minus“special”hosts)

C.2(32-25)hosts(minus“special”hosts)

D.25hosts(minus“special”hosts)

C10.The primary function of the address resolution protocol(ARP)that resides in Internet hosts and routers is:

A.To provide LAN router functions

B.To translate between LAN addresses and physical interface addresses

C.To translate IP addresses to LAN addresses

D.To calculate the shortest path between two nodes on a LAN

A11.The POP3protocol runs over____and uses port____.

A.TCP110

B.UDP110

C.UDP25

D.TCP25

D12.When a destination host transport layer receives data from the network layer,it unambiguously identifies the appropriate process to pass the data to by using a triplet consisting of:

A.Source port#,destination IP address,and source IP address

B.Destination port#,source port#,process ID#

C.Destination port#,source port#,destination IP address

D.Destination port#,source port#,source IP address

D13.From the list below,select the items found in the TCP segment structure that are not found in the UDP segment structure:

A.Application Generated Data

B.Destination Port#

C.Source Port#

D.Sequence#

A14.The RIP routing protocol is based on an algorithm that is:

A.Based on information received only from link“neighbors”

B.A link state algorithm

C.An OSPF algorithm

D.A centralized routing algorithm

B15.With an exterior routing protocol,which of the following issues generally dominates the routing decisions?

A.Geographical distance between AS’s

B.Policy

C.Number of AS’s traversed

D.Current congestion levels in the AS’s

A 1.End system are connected together by____.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,munication links

B.application layer

C.transport layer

D.the network layer

C 2.Which application’s NOT using TCP?

A.SMTP

B.HTTP

C.DNS

D.All of them

B 3.In the polling protocols,the master node polls each of the nodes in a/an____fashion.

A.random

B.appointed

C.round-robin

D.uncirculated

C 4.The DNS protocol runs over____and uses port____.

A.UDP36

B.TCP36

C.UDP53

D.TCP53

A 5.TCP provides a____service to its applications to eliminate the possibility of the sender over-flowing

the receiver’s buffer.

A.flow-control

B.congestion control

C.reliability control

D.data connection

D 6.We can classify just about any multiple access protocol as belonging to one of three categories: channel partitioning protocols,random access protocols,and____.

A.address resolution protocols

B.Dynamic host configuration protocols

C.link-control protocols

D.taking-turns protocols

B8.The maximum transfer unit(MTU)in Ethernet frame structure is()byte.

A.1000

B.1500

C.800

D.2000

B9.The socket of UDP is identified by_____and_______.

A.source IP address and source port number

B.destination IP address and destination port number.

C.source IP address and destination port number.

D.destination IP address and source IP address.

C10.Which is not plug and play in the following four items?

A.DHCP

B.Hubs

C.Routers

D.Switches

D11.Which of routers is not default routers?

A.first-hop router

B.source router

C.destination router

D.second-hop router

B13.ICMP is_____.

A.the protocol of Application layer

B.the protocol of network layer

C.the protocol of transport layer

D.not a part of TCP/IP protocols

B14.As general,we has following channel partitioning protocols except____.

A.TDM

B.CSMA

C.FDM

D.CDMA

D15.____is most used for error reporting.

A.UDP

B.SMTP

C.FTP

D.ICMP

B16.The header of IPV6is____byte.

A.20

B.40

C.60

D.80

B17.In the network layer these service are host-to-host service provided by____.(B)

A.the transport layer to the network layer

B.the network layer to the transport layer

C.the network layer to the network layer

D.the transport layer to the transport layer

A18.If there is not enough memory to buffer an incoming packet,a policy that drop the arriving packet called____.

A.drop-tail

B.packet loss

C.protocol

D.encapsulation

C19.In either case,a____receives routing protocol messages,which are used to configure its forwarding table.

A.server

B.host

C.router

D.Modem

D20.Which of the following functions does not belong to PPP___.

A.framing

B.link-control protocols

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,work-control protocols

D.error correction

B 1.Which of the following services does the Internet network layer provide for the Internet transport layer?

A.In-order delivery of data segments between processes

B.Best effort delivery of data segments between communicating hosts

C.Multiplexing and demultiplexing of transport layer segments

D.Congestion control

D 2.The main task of the Internet’s Domain Name System(DNS)is to:

A.Translate port numbers to IP addresses

B.Specify the standards for Internet domain names

C.Provide an authority for registering domain names

D.Translate mnemonic(记忆的)names to IP addresses

A10.The FTP protocol runs over____and uses port____.

A.TCP21

B.TCP80

C.UDP20

D.TCP110

C 3.RDT3.0’s receiver FSM is same to:

a)RDT1.0b)RDT2.1c)RDT2.2d)RDT2.0

B 4.The Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)provides which of the following services?

a)End-to-end station addressing

b)Application multiplexing

c)Inter network routing

d)Medium access control(MAC)

D 6.Given that the requested information is not available at any intermediate databases,a non-iterated DNS query from a requesting host would follow the path:

a)Root name server,local name server,authoritative name server

b)Authoritative name server,root name server,host name server

c)Local name server,root name server,local name server,authoritative name server

e)Local name server,root name server,authoritative name server

A8.lect the four essential steps,briefly described,for terminating a TCP connection between a client and a server,assuming that the initiating host is the client:

(1)Client sends TCP segment with ACK0and final sequence number

(2)Client sends TCP segment with FIN=1and goes into FIN_WAIT state

(3)Server sends TCP segment to ACK the client’s FIN request and enters CLOSE_WAIT state

(4)Server sends TCP segment with FIN=0

(5)Server sends TCP segment with FIN=1

(6)Client sends TCP segment with to ACK server’s FIN and enters second FIN_WAIT state

(7)Client sends TCP segment with FIN=0

a)2,3,5,6b)5,1,2,3c)1,3,5,7d)2,3,4,6

B10.When compensating for link cost changes in the distance vector algorithm,it can generally be said that:

a)Increased costs are propagated quickly,i.e.,“bad news”travels fast

b)Decreased costs are propagated rapidly,i.e.,“good news”travels fast

c)Decreased costs do not converge

d)None of the above

B14.As an IP datagram travels from its source to its destination:

a)the source IP address is changed at each router to identify the sending router

b)the router uses the destination IP address to consult its routing table

c)the router does not use the IP addresses in the datagram

d)the destination IP address is changed at each router to reflect the next hop

C15.From the list below,choose the bit pattern which could be a valid generator value for the CRC code (R)11010:

a)1110

b)011010

c)100101

d)10011

A16.Consider sending a1300byte IPv4datagram into a link that has an MTU of500bytes:

a)Three fragments are created.

b)Four fragments are created.

c)Three fragments are created with offsets0,5001000

d)The last fragment consists of exactly300bytes of data from the original datagram

C17.Suppose one IPv6router wants to send a datagram to another IPv6router,but the two are connected together via an intervening IPv4router.If the two routers use tunneling,then:

a)The sending IPv6router creates an IPv4datagram and puts it in the data field of an IPv6

datagram.

b)The sending IPv6router creates one or more IPv6fragments,none of which is larger than the

maximum size of an IPv4datagram.

c)The sending IPv6router creates an IPv6datagram and puts it in the data field of an IPv4

datagram.

d)The sending IPv6router creates an IPv6datagram and intervening IPv4router will reject the

IPv6datagram

D18.Which of the following was an important consideration in the design of IPv6

a)fixed length40-byte header and specified options to decrease processing time at IPv6nodes

b)128-bit addresses to extend the address space

c)different types of service(flows)defined

d)all of the above

D19.A network bridge table is used to perform the following:

a)Mapping MAC addresses to bridge port numbers

b)Forwarding frames directly to outbound ports for MAC addresses it handles

c)Filtering(discarding)frames that are not destined for MAC addresses it handles

d)All of the above

PARTⅡ:True/False(1points per question–total:20points)

1.The DNS server can update the records.(T)

2.The TCP connection is a direct virtual pipe between the client’s socket and the server’s connection socket.(T)

3.SMTP protocol connect the sender’s mail server and receiver’s mail server(T)

4.Whereas a transport-layer protocol provides logical communication between processes running on different hosts,a network-layer protocol provides logical communication between hosts.(T)

5.UDP and TCP also provide integrity checking by including right-detection fields in their headers.(F)

6.If the application developer chooses UDP instead of TCP,then the application is not directly talking with IP.(F)

7.When we develop a new application,we must assign the application a port number.(T)

8.Real-tine applications,like Internet phone and video conferencing,react very poorly to TCP’s congestion control.(T)

9.The sender knows that a received ACK or NAK packet was generated in response to its most recently transmitted data packet.(T)

10.To simplify terminology,when in an Internet context,we refer to the4-PDU as a unit.(F)

11.DV algorithm is essentially the only routing algorithm used in practice today in the Internet。(F)

12.Every router has many forwarding tables.(F)

13.In either case,a server receives routing protocol messages,which are used to configure its forwarding table.(F)

14.Among the ASs,they run the same inter_AS routing protocol.T

15.Routing protocols’job is to determine the path take by a datagram between source and destination. T

16.OSPF was one of the earliest intra_AS Internet routing protocols.F

17.The IPV6datagrams are more simpler,more streamlined.(T)

18.Forwarding tables in datagram networks can be modified at any time.(T)

19.In a VC network,the network’s routers must maintain connection state information for the ongoing connections.(T)

20.The routers of datagram networks use forwarding table,the routers of virtual-circuit networks don’t use forwarding table.(F)

PARTⅡ:Briefly answer the following questions.

1.In the“10BaseT”,T stands for().(twisted pair)

2.()and()are two of the most important protocols in the internet.(TCP)(IP)

3.In a client-server architecture,there is an always-on host,called the(),which services requests from many other hosts,called().(server)(clients)

4.The broadcast destination IP address is().(25

5.255.255.255)

5.Two of the more important()protocols are polling protocols and token-passing protocol. (taking-turns)

6.Transport-layer protocols are implemented in the(),but not in network router.(end system)

7.The port numbers ranging()are called well-known port numbers.(0~1023)

8.The()algorithm is used in many routing protocols in practices,including the Internet’s RIP and BGP,Novell IPX,and the original ARPAnet.(DV/distance-vector)

9.Internet consists of hierarchy of interconnected().(ISPs)

10.In MAC address,broadcast address is().(FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF)

11.AS is a collection of()under the same administrative and technical control.(routers)

12.()and FDM are two techniques that can be used to partition a broadcast channel’s bandwidth among all nodes sharing that channel.(TDM)

13.As the queues grow large,the router’s buffer space will eventually be exhausted and()packet loss will occur.(packet loss)

14.The role of the network layer is to move()from a sending host to a receiving host.(packets)

15.()refers to the router-local action of transferring a packet from an input link interface to the appropriate output link interface.(Forwarding)

16.The Internet’s network layer provides asingle service,known as().(best-effort service)

17.The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called().(frames)

18.The()-layer protocol defines the format of the packets exchanged between the nodes at the ends of the link,as well as the actions taken by these nodes when the packets are sent and received.(link)

1.(3points)What is the difference between a host and end system?List the types of end systems.Is a Web Server an end system?

答:There is no difference.Throughout this text,the words“host”and“end system”are

used interchangeably.End systems include PCs,workstations,Web servers,mail

servers,Internet-connected PDAs,WebTVs,etc.

1.(1points)Why is there a Web cache?

答:减少接入网络的流量、减小延迟

2.(3points)Please briefly describe the function of the five layers in TCP/IP architecture

(NOTE:include the protocol data unit)

答:

1.应用层,提供各种网络应用,运行网络应用程序。Message。

2.运输层,提供端到端进程之间的数据传输。Segment。

3.网络层,主机到主机的传输。Datagram

4.链路层,相邻节电数据传输,frame

5.物理层,透明传输比特流,bit stream.

3.(2points)What are the services of TCP?

答:connection-oriented service;

reliable,in-order byte-stream data transfer

flow control:

congestion control:

4.(2points)Please briefly compare:datagram network versus virtual circuit(VC)network.

答:数据报网络是面向非连接的服务,不可靠的服务,没有流量控制和拥塞控制。

虚电路网络是面向连接的网络,可以提供可靠的传输服务,具有流量控制和拥塞控制。

5.(2points)What is the difference between routing and forwarding?

答:Forwarding is about moving a packet from a router’s input link to the appropriate output link. Routing is about determining the end-to-routes between sources and destinations.

6.(3points)How big is MAC address space?The IPv4address space?The IPv6address space?

答:MAC:248,IPv4:232;IPv6:2128

7.(4points)Fill in the blank:

1)RIP advertisements typically announce the number of(hops)to various destinations.

2)BGP updates announce the(ASs)to various destinations

3)For Selective Repeat protocol,sequence number space>=(2)times window size.

4)The efficiency of Slotted ALOHA=(2)times bigger than Pure ALOHA.

8.(2points)Consider sending M packets over a path of N links.Assume that each packet has L bits. Each link transmits at R bps.The network is lightly loaded so that there are no queuing delays. Propagation delay and node processing delay are negligible.Suppose the network is a packet-switched datagram network and a connectionless service is used.Now suppose each packet has2h bits of header. How long does it take to send the packet?(all packets go through the same path)

答:(N+M-1)*(L+2h)/R

9.(2points)If all the links in the Internet were to provide the reliable delivery service,would the TCP reliable delivery service be redundant?Why or Why not?

答:Although each link guarantees that an IP datagram sent over the link will be received at the other end of the link without errors,it is not guaranteed that IP datagrams will arrive at the ultimate destination in the proper order.With IP,datagrams in the same TCP connection can take different routes in the network,and therefore arrive out of order.TCP is still needed to provide the receiving end of the application the byte stream in the correct order.Also,IP can lose packets due to routing loops or equipment failures.

3.(3points)3.(3points)Consider accessing your email with POP.Suppose you have configured your pop mail client to operate in the down-load-and-delete https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,plete the following transaction.

C:list

S:1498

S:2912

S:.

C:retr1

S:blah blah…

S:…………blah

S:.

?

?

?

答:C:dele1

C:retr2

S:(blah blah…

S:………..blah)

S:.

C:dele2

C:quit

4.(3points)Where can queuing occur in a router?Briefly explain the conditions that lead to such queuing.

答:Queuing can occur at both the input ports and the output ports of a router.Queuing occurs at the output port when the arriving rate of packets to the outgoing link exceeds the link capacity.Queue occurs on an input port when the arriving rate of packets exceeds the switch capacity;head-of-the-line blocking can also cause queuing at the input ports.

5.(3points)Describe why an application developer might choose to run an application over UDP rather than TCP.

答:An application developer may not want its application to use TCP’s congestion

control,which can throttle the application’s sending rate at times of congestion.

Often,designers of IP telephony and IP videoconference applications choose to run

their applications over UDP because they want to avoid TCP’s congestion control.

Also,some applications do not need the reliable data transfer provided by TCP.

6.(3points)Suppose Client A initiates a Telnet session with Server S.At about the same time,Client B also initiates a Telnet session with Server S.Provide possible source and destination port number for

a.The segments sent from A to S

b.The segments sent from B to S

c.The segments sent from S to A

d.The segments sent from S to B

e.If A and B are different hosts,is it possible that the source port number in the segments from A to S is the same as that from B to S?

f.How about if they are the same host?

答:source port

numbers

destination port

numbers

a.A→S46723

b.B→S51323

c.S→A23467

d.S→B23513

e.yes

f.no

7.(4points)Fill in the blank:

1)RIP advertisements typically announce the number of(hops)to various destinations.

2)BGP updates announce the(ASs)to various destinations

3)For Selective Repeat protocol,sequence number space>=(2)times window size.

4)The efficiency of Slotted ALOHA=(2)times bigger than Pure ALOHA.

8.(3points)Consider sending a packet over a path of N links.Assume that each packet has L bits.Each link transmits at R bps.The network is lightly loaded so that there are no queuing delays.Propagation delay and node processing delay are negligible.Suppose the network is a packet-switched datagram network and a connectionless service is used.Now suppose each packet has2h bits of header.How long does it take to send the packet?

答:(L+2h)/R*N

9.(3points)If all the links in the Internet were to provide the reliable delivery service,would the TCP reliable delivery service be redundant?Why or Why not?

答:Although each link guarantees that an IP datagram sent over the link will be received at the other end of the link without errors,it is not guaranteed that IP datagrams will arrive at the ultimate destination in the proper order.With IP,datagrams in the same TCP connection can take different routes in the network,and therefore arrive out of order.TCP is still needed to provide the receiving end of the application the byte stream in the correct order.Also,IP can lose packets due to routing loops or equipment failures.

10.(Total4points)CDMA

Suppose that four nodes using CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)protocol to transport their data.The chipping sequences are listed respectively as below:

A:(-1,+1,–1,+1,+1,+1,–1,-1)

B:(-1,+1,–1,–1,–1,–1,+1,-1)

C:(-1,–1,–1,+1,+1,–1,+1,+1)

D:(-1,–1,+1,–1,+1,+1,+1,-1)

(Computing process is needless)

Suppose that a CDMA receiver has received an encoded data as(-1,+1,-3,+1,-1,-3,+1,+1)from an aggregate signal channel in one bit-slot time,which node/nodes has/have sent data?What’s the corresponding data bit each of them sent?(3points)

Answer:A send nothing,B send1,C sends1,D sends0.

11.(2points)In the figure below,H1remains in same IP subnet,briefly describe how the switch would know which AP is associated with H1when H1is moving within BSS1and BSS2.

答:通过自学习的方法

12.(3points)This question is about the“GSM:handoff with common MSC”.According to the figure below,ordering the8steps.

A.Old BSS informs MSC of impending handoff,provides list of1+new BSSs

B.Old BSS tells mobile:perform handoff to new BSS

C.New BSS allocates radio channel for use by mobile

D.New BSS signals MSC,old BSS:ready

E.MSC-old BSS resources released

F.MSC sets up path(allocates resources)to new BSS

G.Mobile signals via new BSS to MSC:handoff complete.MSC reroutes call

H.Mobile,new BSS signal to activate new channel

Answer:AFCDBHGE

13.(3points)Why is an ARP query sent within a broadcast frame?Why is an ARP response sent within a frame with a specific destination MAC address?

答:An ARP query is sent in a broadcast frame because the querying host does not which

adapter address corresponds to the IP address in question.For the response,the

sending node knows the adapter address to which the response should be sent,so

there is no need to send a broadcast frame(which would have to be processed by all

the other nodes on the LAN).

2.Explain the difference between go-back-N and selective repeat.(2points)

With go-back-N,whenever a receiver detects a missing or damaged frame k,all frames succeeding k are ignored and the sender is forced to start retransmission at frame k.With selective repeat,it is possible to retransmit only frame k;the receiver buffers successive frames.

3.Where can queuing occur in a router?Briefly explain the conditions that lead to such queuing.(2 points)

Queuing can occur at both the input ports and the output ports of a router.Queuing occurs at the output port when the arriving rate of packets to the outgoing link exceeds the link capacity.Queue occurs on an input port when the arriving rate of packets exceeds the switch capacity;head-of-the-line blocking can also cause queuing at the input ports.

4.Satellite links often exhibit high propagation times and low transmission speed.What does this mean?(2points)

It means that it can take a long time for the start of a signal that represents a bit to reach the sender,and that the number of bits that can be transmitted per time unit is low.

5.The difference between UDP and IP packets is minimal.Why shouldn’t applications use IP directly? (2points)

It is a matter of separating concerns:the transport layer should offer an interface to applications that hides the underlying network.For connectionless services,it does so by means of UDP.Furthermore,note that IP itself has no notion of ports.This type of address belongs to the abstraction provided by the transport layer

and of which applications make heavy use.There is,in general,no way that an application can get an IP packet sent directly to an application.

6.Can two computers that have a different implementation of the same protocol exchange messages? Explain your answer.(2points)

Yes,the protocol prescribes the format of messages,and the precise rules for message exchange.You can easily have different implementations of the same protocol.

7.What are the differences between routing and forwarding?Briefly explain each of them.(2points) Forwarding:move packets from router’s input to appropriate router output.

Routing:determine route taken by packets from source to destination.

8.Briefly explain the formula“lastByteSent-lastByteAcked≤min{CongWin,RcvWin}”.If necessary, you can draw a figure to describe your answer.(2points)

Due to the congestion control and flow control,TCP limits the amount of unacknowledged data at a sender may not exceed the minimum of congwin and Rcvwin.

9.Ethernet follows a CSMA/CD protocol scheme.Explain how this scheme works.(2points)

CSMA/CD stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.This means that when a node wants to transmit data,it(1)senses the carrier until no transmissions are detected,(2)starts transmission, and(3)continues to check for a collision.If a collision happens,the node stops and waits a random period before starting with step(1)again.

10.For a sliding window protocol,it is necessary to have the window size at most half of the range of sequence numbers.Why?(2points)

Suppose a receiver has just received frame#N,and it advances its window such that(a new)frame#N is allowed to be transmitted.If the acknowledgement for the receipt of frame#N was lost,then the sender will eventually retransmit the original frame,but which will now be considered as fresh frame by the receiver. 1.Explain the difference between a connection-oriented messaging service and a connectionless messaging service.(2points)

A connection-oriented service requires that a peer first sets up a connection to the target peer before data can be exchanged.In a connectionless service,messages are sent directly to a peer,requiring that the address is part of each message.

2.(4points)UDP/TCP

TCP

handshaking:setup(prepare for)data transfer ahead of time

Hello,hello back human protocol

set up“state”in two communicating hosts

TCP-Transmission Control Protocol

Internet’s connection-oriented service

reliable,in-order byte-stream data transfer

loss:acknowledgements and retransmissions

flow control:

sender won’t overwhelm receiver

congestion control:

senders“slow down sending rate”when network congested

UDP:

unreliable data transfer

no flow control

no congestion control

PART Ⅲ:Answer the following questions.

(Total:30points).

1.(total:15points)Consider the network shown below.Run Dijkstra’s algorithm to compute the shortest paths from A to all other nodes in the network.While selecting the next node,if several nodes have the same min cost,select the one with lowest id,(e.g.,if B and D have the same min cost,then select B).

Determine the routing table (destination,next-node,and cost)at node A.Destination

Next Node Cost B

B 4

C

D

E

F

G

I

J

K

L 得分A D B

C E 4135

313

K

M J F

G H I L 2

4623

2

3273245

M

答:

Destination Next Node Cost

B B4

C B5

D D3

E B6

F F2

G F6

I B10

J K7

K K5

L D5

M B8

2.(10points)Consider the following plot of TCP window size as a function of time.

Assuming TCP Reno is protocol experiencing the behavior show above,answer the following question.

a.Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start is operating.

b.Identify the intervals of time when TCP congestion avoidances is operating.

c.After the16th transmission round,is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK

or by a timeout?

d.After the22nd transmission round,is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK

or by a timeout?

e.What is the initial value of Threshold an the first transmission round?

f.What is the value of Threshold an the18th transmission round?

g.What is the value of Threshold an the24th transmission round?

h.During what transmission round is the70th segment sent?

i.Assuming a packet loss is detected after the26th round by the receipt of a triple

duplicate ACK,what will be the values of the congestion-window size and of

Threshold?

Answer:

a)TCP slowstart is operating in the intervals[1,6]and[23,26]

b)TCP congestion avoidance is operating in the intervals[6,16]and[17,22]

c)After the16th transmission round,packet loss is recognized by a triple duplicate ACK.If there was a timeout,the congestion window size would have dropped to1.

d)After the22nd transmission round,segment loss is detected due to timeout,and hence the congestion window size is set to1.

e)The threshold is initially32,since it is at this window size that slowtart stops and congestion avoidance begins.

f)The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss is detected.When loss is detected during transmission round16,the congestion windows size is42.Hence the threshold is21during the18th transmission round.

g)The threshold is set to half the value of the congestion window when packet loss is detected.When loss is detected during transmission round16,the congestion windows size is42.Hence the threshold is21during the18th transmission round.

h)During the1st transmission round,packet1is sent;packet2-3are sent in the2nd transmission round; packets4-7are sent in the3rd transmission round;packets8-15are sent in the4th transmission round; packets15-31are sent in the5th transmission round;packets32-63are sent in the6th transmission round; packets64–96are sent in the7th transmission round.Thus packet70is sent in the7th transmission round. i)The congestion window and threshold will be set to half the current value of the congestion window(8) when the loss occurred.Thus the new values of the threshold and window will be4.

3.(5points)This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay,two central concepts in data networking.Consider two hosts,A and B,connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters,and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec.Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B

a.Ignoring processing and queuing delays,obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.

b.Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t=0.At time t=d trans,where is the last bit of the

packet?

c.Suppose d prop is greater than d trans.At time t=d trans,where is the first bit of the packet?

d.Suppose s=2.5×108,L=100bits,and R=28kbps.Find the distance m so that d trans.Equals d trans

答:

a.m/s+L/R

b.The bit is just leaving Host A.

c.The first bit is in the link and has not reached Host B.

d.893m

3.(3points)Consider the three-node topology show https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,pute the distance tables of node x after the first iteration of a synchronous version of the distance vector algorithm.x

y

z

256

答:

1.(5points)The diagram below depicts the 5-layer TCP/IP model we've used in class.Put the name of each layer inside each box.Application Layer,Transport Layer,Network Layer,Link Layer,Physical Layer

2.(5points)Using the layers from the above diagram,label each technology item below with the best associated layer it fits into (use the layer number from above)(1point for each):

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Layer4

Medium Access Control (MAC)Layer2

HTTP (web browser)Layer5

Copper cabling (e.g.Category 5specification)Layer1

Internet Protocol (IP)Layer3

Transparent bridging Layer2

Distance vector routing algorithms (e.g.RIP)Layer3

Transmission signal attenuation Layer4

Chatting with friends(QQ)Layer5

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Layer4

3.(total:8points)Reno congestion control algorithm.Consider TCP Reno (the one that uses both timeout and 3duplicate ACKs to detect packet losses).Remember the receiver sends cumulative ACK whenever a segment is received and assume that our TCP implementation discards out-of-order segments,so as in Go-Back-N,the sender should re-transmit all packets starting from base when a packet loss is detected.Remember congestion window needs to be adjusted before retransmission.A server application has 26TCP segments (packets)(that are numbered as 1,2,3…26)to send to the receiver site.Assume that the sender started from slow start with a congestion window of 1and continued according to TCP Reno congestion control algorithm.The initial Threshold value was

4.The timeout duration at the sender is set to RTT .Assume that the sender sends a number of TCP segments and receives all ACKs just before the next RTT (ignore the time between back-to-back sent segments).Finally,assume that 15th and 21st segments got lost during their first transmission.Now,by using the above information,your task is to complete the blank entries in the below table until all the segments are sent and all the ACKs are successfully received.If you want,you can use the chart below to work out your solution before filling in the table below.Cong.Win.

CHART

01234567891011RTT

RTT Threshold Congestion Window Segments that are sent

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

TABLE 3.(6points )Consider the following network N running a distance vector protocol.We are only

interested in the shortest routes to the node S.

C 8

120

2

S A B

(1)Assume that the cost of the edge AB increases to 20.Show how the routing information changes at nodes B and C if poisoned reverse is not used.(4points )

Initially B thinks shortest path (SP)is of length 22via A and C thinks shortest path is of length 23via B.

After the change the following sequence of events happen:

B updates SP to 24via C

C updates SP to 25via B

B updates SP to 26via C

C updates SP to 27via B

B updates SP to 28via C

C updates SP to 28via A

B updates SP to 29via C

(2)Assume that the cost of the edge AB increases to 20.Show how the routing information changes at nodes B and C if poisoned reverse is used.(2points )

Initially B thinks shortest path (SP)is of length 22via A and C thinks shortest path is of length 23via B.

4111

422,32

444,5,6,73

458,9,10,11,124

4613,14,15,16,17,185

3315,16,176

3418,19,20,217

2221,228

2323,24,259

2426

10

After the change the following sequence of events happen:

B updates SP to 40via A

C updates SP to 28via A

B updates SP to 29via C

PART VI:(total:8points)About the labs.

The following transcript is a mail transfer session between hosts A and B using TCP/IP.According to the session,answer the questions.

Questions:1.What is the whole name of the sender’s host?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,

2.What is the user name of the sender?sunny

3.What is the whole name of the receiver’s host?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,

4.How many users does the sender want to send the E-mail?3

5.What is the name of the transport layer protocol?TCP

6.Which users can not receive the E-mail?tom

A:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html, simple mail transfer service ready

B:HELO https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,

A:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html, Hello https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,,please to meet you

B:MAIL FROM:

A:250mail accepted

B:RCPT TO:

A:250recipient accepted

B:RCPT TO:

A:550no such user here

B:RCPT TO:

A:250recipient accepted

B:DATA

A:354start mail input;end with .

B:Date:Sat 14June 200313:26:31BJ

B:From:sunny@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html,

B:......

B:......

B:.

A:250OK

B:QUIT

A:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e23632607.html, service closing transmission channel.

7.For receiving the mail,what is the port number waiting for the connection on the receiver host?

25

8.What does the SMTP mean?

Simple Message Transfer Protocol

The questions are based on the figure below.Each question is worth1point except Q17.Total30

points.

Internet

A small office network

A

B C

D

E F G

H

R1R2

Consider the small office network with3subnets and3gateways.The IP address of the ISP(Internet Service Provider)gateway is64.28.10.1and the IP addresses of the corporate gateways are:

G1:10.1.1.1and64.28.10.7

G2:10.1.1.2and10.20.0.1

G3:10.1.1.3and10.140.0.1

Q1:According to the small office network,an Intranet must be a part of the Internet mainly used by a specific group of users.

A.true

B.false

Q2.Request For Comments(RFC)are documents used to describe protocols like TCP and IP.

A.true

B.false

Q3:The gateway G1needs to have a NAT module to give access to the Internet to users on the small office network.

A.True

B.False

Q4.Because the class C network192.168.20.0have only one byte for hosts addresses, you cannot use it to define subnets.

A.true

B.false

Q5:The small office replaces its old wired Ethernet network by a brand new wireless Ethernet network.Which of the4layers of the TCP/IP stacks of the office computers will need to be upgraded?

A.only the application layer

B.only the physical layer

C.only the internet layer

D.both the internet and the physical layer

Q6:Consider the following partial(部分的)routing table of G1:

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface

10.1.0.010.1.1.1255.255.0.0U000eth0

0.0.0.064.28.10.10.0.0.0UG000eth1

Using the above routing table format,write the route for the destination network 10.20.0.0.

Answer:10.20.0.010.1.1.2255.255.255.0UG000eth0

Q7:In the same context as Q3,write the loopback route.

Answer:127.0.0.0127.0.0.1255.0.0.0UH000L0

Q8:What happens on an Ethernet shared network if stations A and B both start transmitting at the same instant?

A.B will sense the transmission and wait a certain delay before another try

B.a collision will be detected in some reasonable time

C.A will sense the transmission and wait a certain delay before another try

D.each will transmit on its own channel

Q9:A TCP port is used

A.for multiplexing application data

B.to ensure a reliable connection oriented transmission

C.to keep track of connections in a NAT module

D.all of the above

Now we assume that A wants the service from the WEB server E.

Q10:A makes a web access by URL.What is the completed format of URL?

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