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考研英语1翻译7步拿分

考研英语1翻译7步拿分
考研英语1翻译7步拿分

考研英语1翻译7步拿分

●英语1,400词左右的文章中翻译划线部分的5句话,每

句话30词左右,总分10分,建议时间:20分钟

●选材特点:

所选择的体裁偏向于专业领域的学术文件

97 动物的权利

98 大爆炸理论

99 历史研究的方法论

00 政府的宏观调控

01人工智能的发展

02 行为学的研究

03 人类学的研究

04 语言学的研究

05 传媒,多媒体业的发展

06 对知识分子的定义和其作用

07 法律在新闻报道中的作用

08 达尔文其人

09 教育学的方法论

10 生物物种保护11 自我心态的控制与调整

12 对普遍真题的追求

13无家可归者的花园

14贝多芬和他的音乐

15美国历史

所学的话题偏向文科、科学领域

提示:词性选择偏向中性,词义客观。

Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

翻译的标准:

准确:大意相同

完整:信息都有

通顺:说人话

准确是前提,完整是要求,通顺是目的。

自我要求:一定要学会断句,把看懂的写成完整的句子,拿到1分。

评分标准说明

1.如果句子译文扭曲原文意思,该句得分最多不得超过

0.5分。

2.如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法,若均正确,给分:若其中一种译法错误,不给分。

3.汉语错别字,不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下,满三个错别字扣0.5分

各句的分数段划分如下:

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,

(1) (2)

thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

(3) (4)

(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、各0.5分

答案:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

◆翻译的过程,对与考研翻译而言:

理解——长难句结构的理解

再创作——词义的选择,词序的调整

◆解构长难句:

●考研翻译的步骤:

文章读不读?20分钟

1)主题须了解(主题句,段首句)

2)需要知道上下文语言环境

(出题句前一句)

快速浏览,了解。若只考半句,需整句阅读

出题句出现不明确信息(常见为出现代词)需阅读前句。

句子翻译的步骤

1.以找句子主干为目的的阅读

主语+谓语+宾语,找谓语,判主干

2.边读边断句,边读边简化(修饰成分)

先翻主干,后翻修饰成分(腹稿,草稿)——学会放弃与编造

3. 按照汉语的表达习惯,按照合理的顺序把意思写出来

要求:会翻的,要通顺;不会的,编合理。

需断句/简化的句子成分:前提是长的句子结构,或不易理解的。

所有的后置修饰成分——定语从句、分词短语、介词短语、同位语、插入语等

逻辑关系词,连词处断句读,逗号处断句

主语从句宾语从句把从句看成整体A

一:先简化使用“圈点勾画”让成分清晰起来

/ <> ______ ()

But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

但是记者必须比普通人更为深刻理解法律的这个观念是建立在对新闻媒体的既定惯例和特殊责任的基础上的。

Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

皮尔森汇集了全世界成百上千名研究人员的工作成果,制作出了一个科技千年日历,这个日历给出了我们能够期待上千项关键突破和发现的最晚日期。

二:理主干:——排除干扰

By contrast, they saw in the years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

相反,历史学家发现在之前100年的时间里(1650-1750),英国尽管还完全是一个农业国家,但当时的英国富裕且繁荣。(语法和语意)

动词与宾语被分割的结构

I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

三:判从句:

定语从句,状语从句,同位语从句,结合从句意思、长短,合理与主句连接。多断句。

长定语从句后置

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。(方式状语顺序的调整)

定语从句的状译法,和词义的选择

In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

事实上,我们很难想象如果记者没有清晰地掌握加拿大宪法的基本特征,他们如何能够胜任政治报道?

同位语从句:

During the Second World War,several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

在二战期间,一些国家的政府得出结论:一个政府要对其国家内的科研机构提出的具体要求总体上都无法被详尽预测。While 引导的从句:

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

尽管历史的定义和历史学家一样多,但是现代的历史学实践最接近于符合这一种定义,该定义把历史视为一种试图对过去重大事件进行重现并加以解释的一门学科。

Owing to the remarkable development in

mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

由于在大众通信技术上的显著发展,世界各地人开始有新的需求,并且接触到了不同的习俗和观念,而各国政府也不得不因为这些原因而引入更进一步的创新。

●while 表示“尽管”一般放在句首,这时用法=whereas,真

题极为常见

While they like TFBOYS very much, they shouldn't have abused my idols, EXO.

●while 可以表示(同时发生的两件事的)对比, 关键是同

时发生

The goalkeeper has no confidence in himself while the

shooter doubts whether he can kick the ball in.

四:理分词:

定语性质,状语性质,结合作用合理与主句连接

分词结构做状语:理顺和主句谓语动词的关系

Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

沃夫由于对语言和思维的关系很感兴趣,得出了一个观点:一个社会的语言模式会决定其他惯性思维的模式。

分词结构做定语:

The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

对第一手收集的数据的强调,加上在分析古今文化时被采用的跨文化视角,使得这么学科成为一门独特而极其重要的社会科学。

五:定词义

译动词,看搭配

After all, four decades of evidence has now shown

毕竟40年的证据都表明欧洲和美国的公司一样在招人时都做不到唯才是举,并且一直“规避”让女性晋升到高层岗位,无论他们面临多大的“软性压力”(如社会舆论等)。

译代词指代要还原

Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country' s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

此外,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业的生产效率直接相关,而工农业生产效率的提高又有赖于各类科学家和技术人员的努力。

六:调语序:汉语多主动英语多被动,时间、地点放在前,原因目的条件放在前,结果一般往后放。

时间、地点、方式放在主语后面,动词的前面

被动变主动:

During this transfer, traditional historical methods were

augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

物称变人称

Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

人们之所以关注历史研究方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

七:多断句:争取把能看懂的完整意思写下来

But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

但是,至少,我们已经对这一点更接近了:不管鸟类对于我们有没有经济上的益处,它们还是拥有继续生存下去的权利的。

参考译文:

但是,我们至少已经接近承认:事关它们与生俱来的权利,鸟类应该继

续生存,不管它们对我们是否具有经济价值。

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号:[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法(7月 版) 在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时,我们发现,很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来,一直有考生提问诸如“老师,这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来?”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的,英语中怎么没有对应语句?”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时,添加了否定词?”等等的问题。在很多时候,我们只能很笼统的告诉考生:基于英汉文化的差异,在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候,英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要,去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。 为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉,我们选用一些真题中的句子,来做先关探讨。在此之前,我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。 翻译标准 在我国近现代,最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言,由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容,并且文体以议论文为主,说明文为辅,结构严谨,逻辑性强,我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”,即通顺,译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯,这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”,即忠于原文,是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子

是从一篇文章中截取出来的,因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思,那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此,翻译不能违背原文本身,这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段:①找核心句;②译核心句;③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句,这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之,考生首先要找出句子的主干,然后再处理其余的细枝末节,如修饰成分等。考试中,考生应该先通读全文,从大处着手,通篇把握文意,然后分析需要翻译的句子,找出主干,理分支,并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1.直译和意译 直译,既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;意译,不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,我们应遵循的方法是:尽量采用直译,不能直译才采用意译,必要时直译与意译相结合。 (1)能直译就直译

2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总

05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.(使)加快,(使)增速,n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就;成绩;功绩,达到;完成 Acquire vt.得到,养成,vt获得;招致,学得(知识等),求得,养成(习惯等),捕获,Action n.作用,动[操]作,行动,机械装置[作用],(小说等中的)情节 Activity n.活动,活动的事物,活动性,机能,功能 Actually adv.现实的,实际的;目前的;明确的,有效的 Additional adj.增加的,额外的,另外的 Advance vt.&vi.(使)前进,(使)发展;促进,vt.提出 Advantage n.利益,便利,有利方面,有利条件;优点;优势, (网球等)打成平手(deuce)而延长比赛后一方先得的一分(攻方所得称advantage in,守方所得则称advantage out) Agree vi.一致;相合同意,赞成约定,允诺,答应,相宜,调和,符合,和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎,差不多,差一点;将近 Amount n.量,数量,数额,总额,总数vi.合计,共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近,走近,靠近;vt.接洽,交涉;着手处理;n.靠近,接近,临近 Appropriate adj.适当的,恰当的;vt.挪用;占用;盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵,辩论;vt.坚决主张,提出理由证明,说服,劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现;出现;发生;vi.起身,起来,起立 Aspect n.方面,方位,朝向 Assert vt.声称,断言,维护,坚持 Assume vt.假设,臆断,猜想,假装,担,担任,就职

考研英语翻译技巧

一、正反译法 1.T hose who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use,so that they may unlock the doors of the knowledge,the gates that guard the entrances to the professions,to science,art ,literature agriculture---every department of human endeavor. 正说反译例句: 1.Admission by Invitation Only. 2.He loses no time in practicing English. 3.I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. 译文:1.要想取得为人们所获得并保持的成就,人们就必须不断运用自身的才能,使其不会生锈,从而打开知识的大门,亦即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门,这些领域包括各种门类:科学、艺术、文学、农业等。(正说反译+词类转换) 1.非请勿入 2.他抓紧一切时间练习英语。 3.文章已拜读,没想到你这么年轻。 2,As Professor Nazemi refused to answer, a classmate offered, “Dude, you can use.” 再如:(1)The specification lacks detail. (2)Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. (3)If we don’t get more money, community theater will cease to exist here. 译文 2,纳齐米教授不予回答,一个同学于是建议:“哥们,你可以告他。” (1)这份说明书不够详尽。 (2)润滑良好使轴承不易受损。 (3)如果筹措不到更多的资金,这里的社区剧院就将不复存在。 3,And I do know I’m going to lose. (1)Please keep the fire burning. (2)“Had you ever sen the man before then?”’No, I don’t. He was a total stranger.” (3)Some men of insight actively discourage people from excess consumption. 译文3,而我知道胜利肯定不属于我。 (1)别让火灭了。 (2)“你以前见过此人吗?”“没有。我根本不认识他。” (3)一些有识之士积极劝阻人们不要过量消费。

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于(常做表语) 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上,停止,切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样,无论如何; in no case 决不 13. or so 大概,大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能;倾向于

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1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为,技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。(71)他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。(72)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 (73)工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说,像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。(74)伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,

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