英综book3unit1A Brush with the Law

Unit 1 A Brush with the Law

一、教学目的

1、了解：与课文相关的文化背景知识，如The sixties" youth counterculture", ―Middle

class‖等。掌握记叙文的文体风格和写作特点。

2、理解：理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。

3、掌握：

1）课文的篇章结构和特点。

2）阅读技巧：How to use a dictionary。

3）写作技巧：Ways to write or rearrange a coherent passage。

4）语法：given, it turns out that…的用法。

4．熟练掌握并运用四级重点词汇、短语、句型。

二、教学重点

1、掌握：

1）与课文相关的文化背景知识：

(1). Magistrates and the magistrates' court:

In England, a magistrate is a person appointed to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid layman or, in London and some other large cities, a paid judicial officer.

In England, every district has a magistrate's court. It is the lowest court of law. The magistrates' court can only try people for minor, i.e . not very serious, offences. It cannot give prison sentences totaling more than 12 months, nor can it order fines of more than 400 pounds for one offence.

(2). Lawyer, solicitor, barrister:

Lawyer is the general term for anyone whose work it is to advise his clients about the law and represent them in court.

A solicitor is a lawyer who gives advice, appears in lower courts, and prepares cases for a barrister to argue in a higher court.

A barrister is a lawyer who has the right of speaking and arguing in the higher courts of law. If a person gets into trouble wit h the police, he will probably ask a solicitor to help prepare his defence and, if the defence is to be heard in a Magistrates' Court, he can ask a Solicitor to appear for him and argue his case. If the case goes to a higher court, the solicitor still advi ses him, but he must get a barrister to appear for him.

(3). The Sixties' ―youth counterculture‖:

The word ―counterculture‖ was coined on the 1960' s for the attitude and life style of many young people who rejected conventional social values and demanded more personal freedom. The counterculture first arose in the U.S during the 1960' s and soon spread to Britain , France and other western countries. These young people were opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs in their society. Yet, unable to find a more constructive way of struggling against these, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes and in taking up anything that was unconve ntional. Some people call them Hippies. The counterculture declined in the late 1970' s. (4). Middle Class:

In Britain, the middle class includes professional people such as doctors, lawyers and architects, barbers and owners of business. It is between nobility and the working class.

2）课文的文体及特点：本文是一篇记叙文。

2、理解课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。

Main Idea: It tells about an incident in the 60s in the UK, Both the circumstances for arrest and release are arbitrary, depending on a person's appearance, family status and the like instead of the facts.

This text can be divided into three sections:

A: Section one: (Para 1): An unpleasant experience that makes a good story now.

B: Section two (Para 2- 19): The process of the arbitrary arrest and release.

C: Section three (Para 20- 22): The author's final remarks.

3、通过本课程的学习，学生应熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：

1）重点词汇：accent, brush, arbitrary, award, belief, brilliant, casual, circumstance, conduct, confirm, dismiss, employment, fate, given, guilty, presumably, revolve, subsequent, temporary, commit, trial, wander, respectable, reliable, meanwhile, witness

2）重点短语、句型：a couple of, call (up) on, save up, take sb. to court, stand a chance, take one' s time, turn out, turn against, regard...as

A类词汇（四级高频词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法及其相关的词性转换、词义或用法的补充）

1.brush【教材】n. a short fight or quarrel; an argument or disagreement 小冲突，争吵，争议

-- to have a brush with the police/ the Custom men/ the enemy

n: implement of bristles , hair, wire 刷子

clothes brush, a toothbrush, hairbrush, paintbrush

2. arbitrary a. 1) based on one's own wishes or will rather than reason.随心所欲的，任意的2）武断的，专断的

-If a leader makes decisions without conducting investigations, he is being arbitrary.

-The arbitrary decisions of the factory owners caused dissatisfaction among the workers.

-The king is an arbitrary ruler. 这个国王是个专横的统治者。

【补充】arbiter n.仲裁人，公断人

arbitrate v. 仲裁

arbitral a. 仲裁的，公断的

3. circumstance 【教材】n. condition, fact, etc connected with an event or a person环境，情况，情形；（pl.）境遇，状况

-Because of circumstances beyond our control the meeting was cancelled.

【补充】under/in the circumstances 在此情况下，既然如此

【辨异】circumstance, surroundings, environment, setting

①circumstance(s)某事或动作发生时的情况

②surroundings 专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼

③environment 可指自然环境，也可指人的精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、

道德以及观念的影响着眼

④setting 指为了突出某个主题二存在的背景，环境

The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home

environment.孩子们在美丽的环境中长大，但是却缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。

And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant

circumstances of their lives.我们都了解那些被快乐包围的人，尽管他们生活中

也会遇到不开心的情形。

This is a picture of my house. In the setting, you can see mountains.这是我家房子

的照片，从背景上你能看到山。

4. subsequent【教材】a. coming after, following. 随后的，接下来的

The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.

Subsequent events proved me wrong

【补充】subsequently adv.

subsequence n. 连续，一连串

【辨异】consequence 随后发生的结果，后果; consequent; consequently Consequently; so therefore.

As a consequence; as a result.

5. due 【教材】adj.

1)expected or schedules to arrive or be ready; supposed to预定的，预期的，

到期的

The train from Beijing is due at 1:30.

He was due to arrive in London tomorrow.

Their first baby is due in January

2)caused by, owing to , because of 由于因为

His absence was due to illness

Due to his bad temper, most people avoid him

3)to be paid or returned 应该支付的，应该给予的

Money is due to him for his work

The rent becomes due next week

4)proper 适当的，正当的，适宜的

After due consideration, he decided to accept the position

He handled the matter with due care

6. temporary 【教材】a. lasting for a short time only 短暂的，暂时的，临时的Ant. permanent

- This is not my permanent address; it is only a temporary one.

【辨异】contemporary a. 当代的，同时代的

7. commit 【教材】

1) to do ( sth. wrong , bad, foolish , or unlawful ) 犯罪，犯错

----wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence

They committed horrible crimes against the Chinese people

~suicide\an error\murder

2) deliver, hand over for safekeeping 把。。。托付给，委托，委任

The insane man was committed to an asylum

He committed his child to the care of a nursery

3) to promise to a certain opinion , course of action , or a cause保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）

He wouldn‘t commit himself o n any issue

I have committed myself to help /helping him

8. dismiss【教材】v.1）( of a judge) stop ( a court case), refuse to consider a ( complaint plea,) in a court. 驳回，对。。。不予受理

--The magistrate dismissed the case because of lack of evidence.

2）免职，解雇

I was frightened to death that I would be dismissed.

9. award【教材】v. give or grant. 授予，给予

-- Who was awarded the first prize of scholarship last semester?

n. 奖品，奖金

he won the award of $1000.

【补充】reward: reward somebody for sth. /reward somebody with sth Reward 名词n.

1.报酬, 报答, 奖赏, 报偿

He will expect some reward after working so hard.

他工作很努力, 会得到报偿的。

2.赏金, 酬金

The police are offering a big reward for information about the robbery.警方出大笔赏金要求提供那起抢劫案的破案线索。

及物动词vt.

1.酬谢, 奖赏

How can I reward your kindness?

我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?

Those who protect the oil field will be rewarded.

保护油田者有奖。

10. charge 【教材】vt.

1) accuse 控诉，控告，指控；指责

They charged him with murder.

2) to ask in payment 索(价)；收(费)；要(人)支付(若干费用)

He charged me fifty dollars for his services.

3) to give as a duty 使承担(任务等)；使负责；把担子加在…上，嘱托

He is charged with heavy responsibilities

4) to rush in an attack进攻

We charged and the enemy's front line fell back.

我们一冲锋, 敌人的阵线就后退了。

The soldiers charged the enemy.

【补充】n.

1) accusation 指责, 指控, 控告

A charge of burglary was entered against him

2) cost, price 费用

It can be obtained on very reasonable charges

at one‘s own charges\free of charge

3) position of care, control or responsibility for a person, group or organization 掌管，控制，任务，责任

Arresting criminals are the charge of the police

take charge of=be in charge of in\under the charge of=in\under one‘s charge

4) attack 猛攻，冲突

He was killed while leading the charge at the battle.

11. conduct【教材】v. manage; direct; carry out. 控制, 指导，管理，经营；进行；实施；处理

They hired agents to conduct their company.

他们雇请代理人来管理他们的公司。

After failing dozens of times or so, Dr. Wilson decided to conduct the experiment in a different way.

B类词汇（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）

1). fate n. what will happen or happened to sb. or sth. 命运

2). employment n. one's regular work or occupation; job 职业；工作

3). wander vi. move about without a purpose 闲逛；漫游

4). casual a. careless; informal 漫不经心的；随便的

5). belief n. something believed; trust 相信；信念；信仰

6). thorough a. having or showing a bad character; 十足的

7). witness n. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; sth. serving as evidence or proof 证人；证据

8). trial n. the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law审判

9). court 法院；法庭

10). cost n. (pl.) the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. esp. that paid to the winning party by the losing party 诉讼费

11). accent n. way of speaking typical of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other

group 口音；腔调

12). guilty a. having broken a law; showing or feeling hat one has done wrong 有罪的；内疚的

13). brilliant a. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid 辉煌的；卓越的

14). meanwhile ad. during the same period of time 同时

15). presumably ad. probably

16). successful a. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, one's job, etc. 成功的；有成就的

17）meanwhile：during the same period of time. 同时; 其间

I continued working, meanwhile, he went out shopping.

我继续工作, 这期间他出去买东西。

18) reliable a. worthy of trust; dependable. (Antonym) unreliable 可靠的, 可

信赖的

Mr. Johnson's secretary is efficient and reliable.

19) respectable a. deserving respect ( cf. respectful: showing respect

to others) 可敬的，值得尊敬的

Dr. Smith is a respectable professor and all his students are respectful to him.

3) A类短语（四级高频短语，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的意思、用法及其词义或用法的补充、相关短语的比较等）

1. take sb. to court【教材】take legal action against sb. 把某人告上法庭

If you go on ill-treating your wife like this, you will be taken to court.

2. turn out【教材】

1) come to be known, prove to be 结果是，原来是

It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area

The plan turned out a failure.

2) produce as the result of labor 制造出，培养出

Our school has turned out many great scholars.

The factory can turn out 500 cars a day.

3) expel, drive out 驱逐

If you don‘t behave yourself, you will be turned out.

4) turn inside out, empty 向外翻转，倒空

I‘ve turned out all the drawers in my desk.

be present at, appear

The whole village turned out to welcome us.

【补充】turn up 出现, 露面,( 偶然事件) 发生

turn to 求助于

turn over 翻过来, 移交;

turn down 拒绝

turn away 走开，把脸转过去

turn in 上交，呈交

3. a couple of【教材】 a small number of; a few, usually two.

I've got a couple of tickets. Will you go with me?

4. stand a chance\there is every chance 【教材】有可能，有希望

I would apply for the post if I were you, I think you stand a good chance.

Do you think Mike stands a chance of being elected?

He stands a good chance of winning the competition

There is every chance that I would have been found guilty.

5. save up【教材】keep for future use. 储存起来

It took him a year to save up enough money for a computer.

6. take one' s time【教材】not to hurry; do sth. in an unhurried way. 不急，慢慢干

Just take your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.

7.call (up) on【教材】invite, require; appeal to

The President called on his people to work hard for national unity.

I called on a friend of mine on my way to London .

【补充】call at, call for, call in, call off, call out, call up

3）构词法：un–, -able, -ible, counter-

4）阅读技巧：how to use a dictionary

5）写作技巧：how to write a coherent passage

6）语法：

given 用法

1) if allowed, provided with (表示假设)倘若; 假定

Given the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist.

Given the chance, I‘d love to try again.

2) take…into account, as far as …be concerned表示原因)考虑到

Given their inexperience, they‘ve done a good job

Given the present conditions, I th ink she‘s done rather well.

It turns (turned) out + that clause 用法

三、教学难点

复杂、疑难句子：

1. …it makes a good story now.

2. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.

3. … and was not due to go to university until the following October.

4. … I was left in no doubt.

5. perfectly straight face.

6. My ―trial‖ didn‘t go that far.

7. The magistrate dismissed the case…

8. getting cost awarded against the police.

9. Given the obscure nature of the charge…

10.…my solicitor‘s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a ?brilliant‘record‘…

11. …that another youngster had been turned against the police.

四、作业

1、教材练习: 课后练习ExIII V ocabulary Activities; ExV Usage ; ExVI Structure; ExVII

Close的第一篇；Ex IX Translation

说明: 在书面作业中, 翻译为必做, 其他内容可适当根据学生情况进行调整, 但是一定要围绕本单元教学重点布置, 而且要达到作业要求。

2、补充练习（翻译题不做补充，要求完成教材练习即可）

3、写作

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

建议短语、句型：

(1)I am writing this letter to inform you of …

(2)be (not) content with

(3)complain about

(4)… (not) the same as we desire

(5)We will be very glad if you can take our suggestions into consideration.

范文：

A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus

January 12th, 2010 Dear Mr. President,

I'm a student in our university. I am writing this letter to inform you of the canteen service on our campus.

Generally speaking, we are not content with the canteen service in our university. The reasons are as follows:

First, although quality of the dishes is not bad, yet, most of the dishes remain unchanged all the year round. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food every day. So I think variety of the food is the most urgent problem that should be solved.

Second, the environment is not the same as we desire. Many students always talk so loudly that we can't enjoy our meals. So I suggest that there be some slogans on the wall to remind them to be quiet, and some soft background music to help us relax.

By the way the canteen workers are very patient in providing us with the service. So I think they should be given more incentive to offer us better service in the future.

The above mentioned are not just what I think, but the idea of many of my classmates'. We will be very glad if you can take our suggestions into consideration.

Yours Sincerely

Li Ming

Unit 1 补充练习

Vocabulary and Structure

1. No one imagined that the apparently businessmen was really a criminal.

A. respective

B. respectable

C. respectful

D. realistic

2. He is in making decisions-- he never seeks others' opinions.

A. arbitrary

B. considerate

C. aggressive

D. ambitious

3. The problem will be discussed at length in chapters.

A. late

B. consequent

C. final

D. subsequent

4. He escaped from prison but was recaptured.

A. suddenly

B. subsequently

C. occasionally

D. successively

5. Outside of class, the student continues to use the personal model because it has always worked well that circumstance.

A. in

B. with

C. on

D. for

6. The best students are special scholarship.

A. presented

B. rewarded

C. awarded

D. prized

7. The findings that issues of trust and betrayal are central to friendship.

A. confirm

B. resolve

C. assure

D. secure

8. The last half of the nineteenth century the steady improvement in the means of travel.

A. has witnessed

B.was witnessed

C. witnessed

D. is witnessed

9. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to,the color of his skin.

A. with the exception

B. in the light of

C. by virtue of

D. regardless of

10. Many plants and animals can a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.

A. relieve

B. release

C. dismiss

D. discard

11. equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.

A. Provided

B. Concerning

C. Given

D. Following

12. A well-written composition good choice of words and clear organization and many other things.

A. calls on

B. calls for

C. calls up

D. calls off

13. To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty _ to be a corrupt official.

A. turned

B. turned out

C. turned against

D. turned around

14. From her I guess she‘s from the Nor theast.

A. accent

B. language

C. dialect

D. tone

15. Wilfred‘s remarks me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man.

A. sure

B. confirmed

C. informed

D. formed

16. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team of winning the World Series this year.

A. is sure

B. is certain

C. stands a chance

D. stood chances

17. Traffic was for several hours by the accident.

A. held up

B. held

C. held on

D. held with

18. I was not due to go to university until the following October. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word?

A. supposed

B. expected to happen

C. scheduled to arrive

D. to be paid or returned

19. The magistrate the case after 15 minutes for lack of evidence.

A. dismissed

B. eliminated

C. canceled

D. stopped

20. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded the police for their fault.

A. to

B. by

C. from

D. against

21. My solicitor‘s case quite obviously around the fact that I had a ―brilliant academic record‖.

A. evolved

B. involved

C. revolved

D. resolved

22. The children grew up in beautiful but not in a happy home environment.

A. surroundings

B. circumstances

C. settings

D. background

23. They horrible crimes against the Chinese people

A. committed

B. did

C. made

D. admitted

24. We pay____ every time we eat out together.

A. respectively

B. respectfully

C. respectedly

D. respectably

25. Just ____ and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.

A. take time

B. take your times

C. take times

D. take your time

补充练习答案

Vocabulary and Structure

1-5 BADBA 6-10 CACDB 11-15 CBBAB

16-20 CAAAD 21-25 CAAAD

2010级A班第1单元测试题

I. Translate the following words or phrases into English or Chinese (3*20)

1.Arbitrary

2.Subsequent

3.Temporary

4.Employment

5.Dismiss

6.Given

7.Brilliant

8.Presumably

9.Revolve around

10.Turn against 11.Fate

12.circumstance

13.闲逛，漫游

14.漫不经心的，随便的

15.确认，肯定

16.指挥，处理

17.有罪的，内疚的

18.对某人提起诉讼

19.慢慢来，不着急

20.有机会，有希望

II. Choose the right words from the box below to fill in the blanks (2*10)

And so I do not have a ___1__ record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my ___2___ from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the 'right' ____3__, ___4___ middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a

very good solicitor. ___5___ the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different ___6___, and had really been unemployed, there is every ___7___ that I would have been found ___8___. While asking for costs to be ___9___, my solicitor's case quite obviously ___10___ around the fact that I had a 'brilliant academic record'.

III. Translation (4*5=20points)

1.The speaker made it clear that the president _____________________( 在任何情况下

都不会取消这次旅行).

2.(随后发生的那些事件) _________________________confirmed my suspicions once

again.

3.To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his

honesty________________________________(竟然是个贪官)。

4.(如果有机会)___________________________, John might have become an

outstanding painter.

5.They hired agents to__________________________（来管理他们的公司）.

单元自测答案

I. (3*20)略

II. Choose the right words from the box below to fill in the blanks (2*10)

1—5 H O E F L 6—10 C N J K B

III. Translation（4*5）

1.would not cancel the trip under any circumstances

2.The subsequent events

3.turned out to be a corrupt official

4.Given the chance

5.conduct their company

with的复合结构

基本用法 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当 一、with或without+名词/代词+形容词 例句:1.I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随情况) 2.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently. 大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨(原因状语) 二、with或without+名词/代词+副词 例句:1.She left the room with all the lights on. 她离开了房间，灯还亮着。(伴随情况) 2.The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随情况) 三、with或without+名词/代词+介词短语 例句:1.He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand. 他走进黑暗的街道时手里拿着根棍子。(伴随情况) 2. With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语) 四、with或without+名词/代词+非谓语动词 1、with或without+名词/代词+动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。 例句: 1.With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)

高中英语-with-复合结构的常见形式及句法功能(含答案)

with 复合结构的常见形式及句法功能 1with 复合结构的常见形式 1、with + 名词(或代词) + 现在分词 此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语） With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随状语） 2、with + 名词(或代词) + 过去分词 此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。（伴随状语） She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（原因状语） 3、with + 名词(或代词) + 形容词 I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。（伴随状语） With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently. 大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。（原因状语） 4、with + 名词(或代词) + 介词短语 With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。（原因状语）

英语从高考题看with的复合结构

英语：从高考题看with的复合结构 先看下面两道高考题： 1. ________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 2. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 【解析】这两题的答案均为C。 with的复合结构在英语中运用广泛，在具体运用中能使表达更为精确，在高考中也是主要考点之一。现将其用法作一简单总结。 1. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (prep phrase) 在句中常作定语或状语。如： On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones”on them. 在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。 2. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (adj.) 在句中常作状语。如： They were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. 他们睁大眼睛听老师讲课。 3. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (n.) 在句中作定语或状语。如： At the foot of the mountain, there once lived an old man with the name Old Stubborn. 在山脚下，曾住着个名叫“老顽固”的老头儿。 4. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (doing) 在句中常作状语，doing表示主动或正在进行的动作。如： Mary felt shy with the whole class looking at her. 在全班同学的注视下，玛丽感到不好意思。 5. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (done) 在句中常作状语，done表示被动或完成了的动作。如： With the problem settled, we all felt very happy. 问题解决了，我们都非常高兴。 6. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (to do) 在句中常作状语，to do表示将要发生的动作。如： With so much work to do, I can't even make a proper plan. 有这么多事要做，我甚至连恰当的计划都很难做出来。 7. with + O (n. / pron.) + OC (adv.) 在句中常作状语。如： With her mother away from home, she felt lonely.

(完整版)with的复合结构用法及练习

with复合结构 一. with复合结构的常见形式 1.“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。 The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。 2. “with+名词/代词+形容词”。 With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it’ll rain presently. 天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。 3. “with+名词/代词+副词”。 The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on. 所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。 4. “with+名词/代词+名词”。 He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。 5. “with+名词/代词+done”。此结构过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。 With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is now in regular production. 随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已经正式产生。 6. “with+名词/代词+-ing分词”。此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。 He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. 全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。 7. “with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。 So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。 二. with复合结构的句法功能 1. with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原因状语） The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。（伴随状语）The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语）With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语） 2. with 复合结构可以作定语 Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。 【高考链接】 1. ___two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.（04北京） A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 【解析】A。“with+宾语+不定式”作状语，表示原因。 2. It was a pity that the great writer died, ______his works unfinished. (04福建) A. for B. with C. from D.of 【解析】B。“with+宾语+过去分词”在句中作状语，表示状态。 3._____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET) A. As B.For C. With D.Through 【解析】C。“with+宾语+副词”在句中作状语，表示程度。

高考英语语法With的复合结构学习精析

高考英语语法With的复合结构学习精析 With复合结构,是由with+宾语+宾补组成，在句中常做状语，如伴随、时间、原因、方式状语等。 典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D. 第一类.with +名词/代词+现在分词(doing) The teacher came in with some of his students following him . 老师走了近来,后面跟着几个他的学生. With the boy leading him the way , the old man had no trouble finding his old friend’s house . 由于有小男孩给他引路,这位老人毫不费力地找到了他老朋友的家. 用with翻译句子或填空． 1.He lied on the chair , with a newspaper ________ (cover) his face. 2.He was taken to hospital, ____________________ ( 腿在流血bleed). 3.I told her the bad news, ______________ (心跳动beat地厉害). 第二类：with +名词/代词+过去分词(done) 过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 With my homework finished(=After I finished my homework)，I went fishing with my father. 1)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花（伴） 2) She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（原） 3)He had to walk to the school with his bike broken. 自行车坏了,他不得不步行上学. 例题4: The fellow stood there, _____________________ (双手交叉cross在背后) 第三类：with +名词/代词+不定式(to do) 此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。 With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow. 1) With no one to talk to, John felt upset. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很焦虑。 2) With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。 3) He was left alone , with no one to look after him. 他被单独留下,无人照顾. 典型例题： 5.With a lot of difficult problems __________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time． A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 6. ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of 7.______so much homework to do , I won't have time to go to see the film tonight. A. With B. To C. For D. In 第四类.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语

With复合结构的用法小结

With复合结构的用法小结 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例： 1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） 2、With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，shewent out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语） 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.） 2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如：He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点说明： 1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在

2021-2022年(直击高考)高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题01 with的复合结构

2021年（直击高考）高考英语语法重难点系列专题01 with的复合结构 我们把学英语比作为修房子：语法是房子的框架，词汇是房子的砖瓦，高级词汇和句型是房子的装修。在这三者中语法是最基础的部分。学生只有掌握了基本的语法才能灵活运用英语这种语言，只有能活用才会有能力的迁移。以下是按学习内容的难点、重点、考点以及学生的易错点分别做的英语语法系列归纳。其特点是：开门见山直击考点。几乎涵盖了所有的重要考点，这样学生觉得学有所用，最终形成前后穿插、纵横交错、点面结合的立体知识结构图。 一、with的复合结构 本结构在试卷上出现的频率非常高，学好这个结构我们能准确地进行答题、能更好地欣赏句子，同时也能让我们的书面表达出彩。 with复合结构常有以下结构： 1. with + 宾语 + doing With so many people municating in English now, I find it very necessary to master it. 现在有那么多的人用英语交流，我发现掌握英语很有必要。 2. with + 宾语 + done With my room cleaned, I went to bed. 房间打扫了我就上床睡觉了。 3. with + 宾语 + to do This is my first book, with the second to e out next year. 这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。 4. with + 宾语 + to be done This is my first book, with the second to be published next year. 这是我的第一本书，第二本明年出版。 5. with + 宾语 + adj. a. They left the office in a hurry, with the door open.

With_复合结构详解

介词With 复合结构讲解及练习 with复合结构的作用：with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等. 1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语） 2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语） 3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语） 4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语） 5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语） 6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语） 注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。 1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter） 2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country）1) with +宾语+ 现在（短分词语） When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, with his lips moving. 当妈妈走进房子的时候，她发现自己的孩子正睡在床上，嘴唇一直在动。 My aunt lives in the room with the windows facing south. 我姑妈住在那间窗户朝南开的房间。 With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes 2)with +宾语+ 过去分词（短语） With more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. 由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。 With his legs broken, he had to lie in bed for a long time. 他双腿都断了，只得长时间躺在床上。 3) with +宾语+ 不定式（短语） * With so many children to look after, the nurse is busy all the time. 有这么多的孩子需要照顾，保育员一直都很忙。 *With a lot of papers to correct, M r. Li didn’t attend the party. 李老师有许多试卷需要批改，所以没有参加聚会。 4) with +宾语+ 副词 * You should read with the radio off. 在看书的时候应该把收音机关掉。 * With the temperature up, we had to open all the windows. 气温上升，我们不得不打开所有的窗户。 5) with +宾语+形容词 *With the window open, I felt a bit cold. 窗户开着，我感到有点冷。 * It was cold outside , the boy ran into the room with his nose red. 外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。 6) with +宾语+ 介词短语 * The woman with a baby in her arms is getting on the bus. 怀里抱着婴儿的那位妇女正在上车。 * John starts to work very clearly in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon with a break at midday . 约翰早上开始工作，中午稍作休息后又接着工作到下午稍晚些时候。

非谓语动词与with复合结构

非谓语动词与with复合结构 1. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011·湖南卷 21) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 【解析】选C。主语the ability 为“能力”，抽象名词。通常使用动词不定式作定语。句意：表达思想的能力与思想本身同等重要。我们也可以联想到be able to do “能够干”而得出答案。 2. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011·湖南卷23) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 【解析】选C。select 与the players 间有动宾关系。因此select用过去分词形式表被动完成。句意：从整个国家挑选出来的运动员有望在今年的夏季运动会给我们带来荣誉。 考点1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011·辽宁卷 30) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 【解析】选C。句子主语是the tourists, gather和tourists存有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。 非谓语动词 1. It's ＋ adj. ＋ for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语为“sb.”。 2. 非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的-ing形式的被动形式。 3. “代词主格或名词的普通格＋非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词逻辑主语为代词或名词。 4．动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格＋动名词结构。 5．不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.。 考点2.独立成分作状语 ______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now. A. Telling; going B. To tell; going C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go 【解析】选B。to tell you the truth作独立成分；like是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。非谓语动词作独立成分的有： judging by/ from, provided/ providing, given, to be true, to tell you the truth等。

with的复合结构用法小结

With 复合结构用法小结 “With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。具体结构如下： 1. With + 名词 + 介词短语? (1) He was asleep with his head on his arm. ? (2) The man came in with a whip in his hand. ? 在书面语中。上句也可以说成：The man came in, whip in hand. 2．with + 名词 + 形容词（强调名词的特性或状态）? (1)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。? (2)He used to sleep with the windows open. 3. With + 名词 + 副词? (1)With John away, we've got more room. 约翰走了，我们的地方大了一些。? (2)The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the light on. 4. With + 名词 + -ed 分词（强调名词是 -ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生） ?(1)With this problem solved, neopenicillin 1 is now in regular production. 随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已正式生产。 ?(2)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 5. with + 名词 + -ing分词（强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态正在进行）? (1)I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. ? (2)He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. ? (3)With the field leveled and irrigation channels controlling the volume of water(水量), no such problem arose again. 6. with + 名词 + to do （不定式动作尚未发生）? (1)So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。 ?(2)I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without 的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例： 1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） 2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最

高考英语with复合结构写句子

The man is sleeping with the window open. The boy is smiling with a book and a pencil in his hand. The child is crying with tears streaming down his face. The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard. the “with” structure 1.The man is sleeping with the window open. 2.The boy is smiling with a book and a pencil in his hand. 3.The child is crying with tears streaming down his face. 4.The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.

1.She lay in bed with her face pale. 2.She fell asleep with the light burning. 3.With the boy leading the way, we found the way. 4.The girl rushed in the room with her heart beating fast. 5.With all the things bought, they headed for home. 6.He couldn’t come to school as usual with his leg broken. 7.With prices going up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries. 8.The singer stood there, with a group of fans surrounding him. 9.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 10.He worked alone in the lab with the door locked. Functions of the “with” structure Serve as an adverbial of reason (原因状语): 3,5,6,7,9 Serve as an adverbial of concomitant (伴随状语): 1,2,4,8,10 the “with” structure 1.with + n. + adj. e.g. He was shocked with his eyes wide open. 2.with + n. + doing (主动) e.g. He sang happily with a group of people cheering. 3.with + n. + done (被动) e.g. He sat on the grass with his attention focused on his children. sentence-making Original sentence: He let out a cry of anger. Add an adverbial of reasons (原因状语): With his patience running out, he let out a cry of anger. With his plan ruined by his son, he let out a cry of anger. Add an adverbial of concomitant (伴随状语): He let out a cry of anger with his voice trembling. He let out a cry of anger with his eyes glaring at his son.

with的复合结构用法及练习

页眉内容 with复合结构 一. with复合结构的常见形式 1.“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。 The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。 2. “with+名词/代词+形容词”。 With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it’ll rain presently. 天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。 3. “with+名词/代词+副词”。 The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on. 所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。 4. “with+名词/代词+名词”。 He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。 5. “with+名词/代词+done”。此结构过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。 With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is now in regular production. 随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已经正式产生。 6. “with+名词/代词+-ing分词”。此结构强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。 He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. 全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。7. “with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。 So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。 二. with复合结构的句法功能 1. with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原因状语） The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。（伴随状语）The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语）With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语） 2. with 复合结构可以作定语 Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。 【高考链接】 1. ___two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.（04北京） A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 【解析】A。“with+宾语+不定式”作状语，表示原因。 2. It was a pity that the great writer died, ______his works unfinished. (04福建) A. for B. with C. from D.of 【解析】B。“with+宾语+过去分词”在句中作状语，表示状态。 3._____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET) A. As B.For C. With D.Through 【解析】C。“with+宾语+副词”在句中作状语，表示程度。