2015英语高考题(教师)

专题一冠词

考点一冠词的基本用法

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.

答案the[考查定冠词的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。]

2．[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.

答案a[句意：布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。根据句意可知，空格处用不定冠词表示一类人。]

3．[2015·重庆高考]I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.

答案the; a[句意：我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢了。第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指“一个持枪歹徒”，因此用不定冠词。]

4．[2015·广东高考]He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

答案a[句意：他拥有一家看起来几乎荒芜的农场。farm在文中是第一次出现，而且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词。]

考点二冠词的习惯搭配

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.

答案the[句意：现在我生活在一座城市，但是我想念农村的家乡。in the countryside 为固定短语，意为在乡下，在农村。故填定冠词the。

2．[2015·陕西高考]________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.

答案The; the[句意：一个人越博学，他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The＋形容词/副词比较级…，the＋形容词/副词比较级…”结构，意思是“越……，越……”。

3．[2015·浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.

答案a; the[句意：多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁下来了。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组，意为“挡路，妨碍”。故填a; the。]

专题二名词

考点一名词辨析

1．[2015·福建高考]The failure was a big ________ (blow) to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.

答案blow[句意：这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击，但他并没有泄气，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。blow“打击”；blow既可做动词，也可做名词。]

2．[2015·湖北高考]When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.

答案balance[句意：男孩在追赶他哥哥的时候失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。根据句意可知，这里应用balance表示“平衡”，此处用作名词。lose one's balance为失去平衡。] 3．[2015·湖北高考]He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ (identify) when he

went to carry out the secret task.

答案identity[句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务时，他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。根据句意可知，这里应用名词identity表示“身份”。]

4．[2015·安徽高考]There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.

答案thought[句意：现在没有必要把你的答案告诉我。考虑一下，然后告诉我。give sth. some thought意为“考虑”。thought 为think的名词形式。]

5．[2015·江苏高考]—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________(apologize)．

答案apology[句意：——Dave，去向你妈妈道歉。——我想去，但我害怕她对我的道歉不会满意。空处应用apologize的名词apology。]

考点二名词搭配

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]My 10－year－old noticed him and made a ________ on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.

答案comment[考查名词短语make a comment on... 对……做出评论。句意：我10岁的孩子注意到了他并对不得不站在外面的寒风中乞讨做出了评论。]

2．[2015·江苏高考]Some schools will have to make________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.

答案adjustments[句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校将必须作出调整。adjustment“调整，适应”，符合句意。make adjustments意为做出调整。]

3．[2015·江苏高考]—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?

—Well, you know he's a wet________.

答案blanket[句意：——你为什么没邀请John参加你的生日派对？——嗯，要知道他总让人扫兴。a wet blanket“扫兴的人，泼冷水的人”，符合句意。]

4．[2015·福建高考]Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in________ (harmonious) with nature.

答案harmony[句意：人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式是和自然和谐相处。in harmony with“与……协调”。]

5．[2015·浙江高考]These comments came in________ (respond) to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

答案response[考查in response to...的用法。句意：这些解释是回答当地新闻记者经常提出的特定的问题的。in response to意为“回答，答复”。]

专题三代词

考点一不定代词

1．[2015·四川高考]Niki is always full of ideas, but________is useful to my knowledge.

答案none[句意：妮基总有很多主意，但据我所知没有哪一个是有用的。句中的“full of ideas”表明主意是三个或三个以上，所以用none表示完全否定。]

2．[2015·福建高考]The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions.

答案neither[根据题干中的“two reports”和“but”可知，此处表示“两个中的任何一个都不”，所以用neither。]

3．[2015·陕西高考]To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against________.

答案the other[句意：为了让自己暖和，那位水手坐在火堆前面，用一只脚摩擦另外

一只脚。表示两者之间的“一个……另一个……”要用one...the other...。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]I wanted to do________ special for him at his retirement party.

答案something[考查不定代词。句意：我想在他的退休聚会上为他做些特别的事。用something表示一些事。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure.

答案nobody[句意：会议要在九月召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成。第一个分句说会议将要在九月召开，而转折词but意味着两个分句意思相反，故用否定词nobody。]

考点二替代词

1．[2015·天津高考]The quality of education in this small school is better than________ in some larger schools.

答案that[句意：这所小学校的教学质量比一些较大学校的教学质量更好。that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词。空处指代的quality为抽象不可数名词，故用that。] 2．[2015·浙江高考]Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around________.

答案it[句意：在这所学校附近有一个由很多树环绕的漂亮公园。用it指代上面提到的公园。]

考点三其他代词

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]We must find ways to protect________(us) environment.

答案our[句意：我们必须找到方法去保护我们的环境。our合乎题意。]

2．[2015·广东高考]Now it occurred to________(he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

答案him[it occurred to sb. that...意为，某人突然想起……。to为介词，后应用人称代词的宾格，故填him。]

3．[2015·福建高考]Imagine you are a student and you share a flat with another student who you think isn't doing her share of the housework. If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework. ________ are you going to do about it？”，the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.

答案What[分析句子结构可知，空处在句中表示疑问，而且做do的宾语，故用what。语境为，想像一下你是一位学生，与另一位不做家务的同学同住一所公寓。然后提出质问。] 4．[2015·四川高考]________do you think I should do?

If you were me, would you talk to them?

答案What[分析句子结构，空处应填疑问词且做do的宾语。句意：你认为我该做什么？如果你是我的话，你会和他们谈话吗？]

考点四it的用法

1．[2015·湖北高考]________was in this lake that they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.

答案It[分析句子结构，该句为强调句型。空处应用It。句意：就是在这个湖里发现了失踪已久的明代宝剑。]

2．[2015·四川高考]________has been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

答案It[句子结构为It has been＋时间段＋since...。自从……已经多久了。句意：自从我来到这所新学校已经一个月了，我真想和你分享一下我经历的一些问题。]

3．[2015·福建高考]________was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

答案It[句子结构为It is/was＋adj.＋for(of) sb. to do sth.句意：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb. to do sth.这一结构。considerate“考虑周到的”。]

4．[2015·浙江高考]How would you like________if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

答案it[句意：当你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时，如果有人进来，并且未经允许就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？it在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。“动词＋it＋when/if＋从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，常见的动词有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate等。]

专题四形容词与副词

考点一形容词

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very ________ (seriously) problem.

答案serious[考查形容词做定语修饰名词problem。句意：很多研究表明全球变暖已经成为一个非常严峻的问题。]

2．[2015·安徽高考]I'm so________ (gratefully) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.

答案grateful[考查形容词短语be grateful to sb. “感激某人”。根据because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知句意：我感激所有的那些志愿者，因为他们的帮助让我糟糕的一天有了个快乐的结局。空处表示“感激的”而且是形容词，应填grateful。

3．[2015·湖北高考]I don't think what he said is________ (relevantly) to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.

答案relevant[考查形容词短语be relevant to...“与……有关”。句意：我觉得他所说的话与我们正在讨论的话题不相关。他已经错过要点了。根据句意可知，这里应用relevant表示“有关的，切题的”。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]Hans Zhang was ________(pride) of himself for not giving up.

答案proud[考查形容词短语be proud of“以……为骄傲，为……感到自豪”。句意：Hans Zhang为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。]

5．[2015·湖北高考]Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ________(punctually)．

答案punctual[句意：即使他的公寓在会议大厅的附近，但是如果他想准时(赶到)，他必须得赶紧点。be动词后用形容词形式，punctual表示“准时的”。]

考点二副词

1．[2015·湖北高考]The girl used to be shy, but is ________(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.

答案gradually[句意：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是现在正渐渐地在群组工作中变得积极，也更愿意表达她自己(的想法)。这里应用副词gradually表示“逐渐地”。] 2．[2015·浙江高考]Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was________(former) alive.

答案formerly[句意：要是我们对食物的来源稍有了解，我们多数人就会明白，我们吃到嘴巴里的每一口食物都曾经是活生生的生命。空处应用副词修饰alive。] 3．[2015·安徽高考]They gave money to the old people's home either________ (personal) or through their companies.

答案personally[personally“亲自”。句意：他们或者亲自或者通过公司把钱捐给了敬老院。空处应填副词做状语表示捐钱的方式。]

4．[2015·广东高考]________(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.

答案Luckily[考查副词做状语。修饰整个句子应用副词。“幸运地是”应用luckily。句意：幸运地是，他还有一头奶牛每天产奶。]

5．[2015·陕西高考]After knocking________(polite) at the door, the applicant entered the office of the general manager.

答案politely[修饰动作应用副词。句意：礼貌地敲门后，审请人走进总经理的办公室。] 考点三比较级

1．[2015·四川高考]Andy is content with the toy. It is________ (good) he has ever got.

答案the best[句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。根据句意可知，空格处用形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级前须加定冠词the。故应填the best。] 2．[2015·安徽高考]Advertisements persuade us that________ (new) is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.

答案newer[根据句意空处应为比较级。句意：广告让我们相信越新越好而且我们对最新产品会更加满意。]

3．[2015·广东高考]Even though we can't live forever, we are living a________ (long) life than ever before.

答案longer[根据后面的than...可知空处应填比较级。句意：即使我们不能永远活着，但我们可以比以前活得时间长。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]My mom makes the________ (good) biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.

答案best[根据in the world可知空处应填最高级。句意：我妈妈会做世上最好的饼干，因此我决定求她帮忙。]

专题五介词和介词短语

考点一介词

1．[2015·广东高考]She patiently explained all the rules________ the students and require everyone to follow them.

答案to[句意：她耐心地向学生们解释所有的规定并要求每一个人都要遵守。根据分析可知，此处考查的结构为“explain sth. to sb.”，意为“向某人解释某事”，故用to。] 2．[2015·山东高考]Here they are learning to get________touch with their true feelings.

答案in[句意：在这他们正学着和他们的真实情感取得联系。根据分析可知，此处考查“get in touch with”，意为“与……取得联系”，故用in。]

3．[2015·福建高考]A common memory they all have________their school days is the school uniform.

答案of[句意：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of 这一搭配，含义为“对……有记忆”，故用介词of。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]The little pupil took his grandma________ the arm and walked her across the street.

答案by[句意：这位小学生抓着他奶奶的胳膊，然后护送她穿过街道。take sb. by the arm是一个固定短语，意思是“抓住某人的胳膊”，故用介词by。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃________the average.

答案above[句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高0.68摄

氏度。依据句意可知，去年天气非常暖和，因此与往年平均温度相比要高，故用above，表示“高于”。]

考点二介词短语

1．[2015·福建高考]Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live________ (harmony) nature.

答案in harmony with[句意：人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式是和自然和谐相处。根据分析可知，此处表示“与……和谐”，故用in harmony with。] 2．[2015·安徽高考]They believe that there are transport developments ________ (corner) that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

答案around the corner[句意：他们相信交通发展即将来临，将会带来很多好的变化。根据句意可知，此处表示“即将来临”，故用around the corner。]

3．[2015·湖北高考]This meeting room is a non－smoking area. I would like to warn you________(advance) that if you smoked here you would be fined.

答案in advance[句意：这个会议室是不准吸烟的区域。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据句意可知，此处表示“提前”，故用in advance。]

专题六动词和动词短语

考点一动词

1．[2015·湖北高考]The team are working hard to________ (analysis) the problem so that they can find the best solution.

答案analyze[句意：全队(成员)正在努力工作，分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决办法。根据句中的“find the best solution”可判断，此处表示“分析”，故用动词analyze。

2．[2015·安徽高考]If you come to visit China, you will________ (experienced) a culture of amazing depth and variety.

答案experience[句意：如果你到中国来游览，你将会体验一种有惊人深度和多样性的文化。根据句意可知，此处表示“体验，经历”，故用动词experience。]

考点二动词短语

1．[2015·湖北高考]There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

答案in[句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。根据句意可知，此处lie in表示“在于”故用介词in。]

2．[2015·安徽高考]Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will________ sooner or later.

答案turn up[句意：别着急。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会被找到的。根据句意可知此处表示“(被)发现，(被)找到”，故用动词短语turn up。]

3．[2015·陕西高考]Peter will________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.

答案take up[句意：在下一个月月末Peter将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。根据句意可知，此处表示“开始担任(新的责任)”，故用动词短语take up。]

4．[2015·福建高考]It is said that body language account________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.

答案for[句意：据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。根据句意可知，account for表示“(数量上、比例上)占”，故用for。]

专题七动词的时态和语态

考点一动词的时态

1．[2015·福建高考]—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and________ (write) his essay there ever since.

答案has been writing[句意：——彼特在哪？我哪也找不到他。

——早饭后他去了图书馆，从那以后他一直在那写论文。根据句中的时间状语ever since 可知，write 这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在，故用现在完成进行时has been writing。]

2．[2015·安徽高考]Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I________(leave) my book in the cafe.

答案had left[句意：就在我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把书忘在咖啡馆里了。句中realized为一般过去时，“我”把书忘在咖啡馆的动作发生在realized之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时had left。]

3．[2015·陕西高考]Marty________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

答案has been working[句意：玛蒂一直在努力地写着他的书，他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的“by Friday”可判断出，work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，故用现在完成进行时has been working。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he________(become) the first black president of the United States of America.

答案was to become[句意：在上大学时，巴拉克·奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一位黑人总统。根据句意可知，“上大学”发生在过去，从过去的时间看将来，要用过去将来时，故用was to become。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]—Is Peter coming?

—No, he________(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

答案changed[句意：——彼特要来吗？——不，他在打电话的最后一分钟改变了主意。依据答语中的“No”可知，他在最后一刻改变了主意。语境表明change这一动作已经发生，故用changed。]

考点二动词的语态

1．[2015·北京高考]—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes. We________(treat) well by our hosts.

答案were treated[句意：——你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？——很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。根据问句可知，此处应用一般过去时；treat和We之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故用were treated。]

2．[2015·福建高考]To my delight, I________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

答案was chosen[句意：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时，故用was chosen。]

3．[2015·安徽高考]It is reported that a space station________(build) on the moon in years to come.

答案will be built[句意：据报道在未来的几年里(人们)将在月球上建立空间站。根据分析可知，a space station与build之间是被动关系，又由in years to come“在未来的几年里”可知，用一般将来时，故用will be built。]

4．[2015·四川高考]More expressways________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

答案will be built[句意：四川将很快修建更多的高速公路以促进地方经济(的发展)。

题干中的“soon”表明空格处用一般将来时，且句子的主语expressways 是谓语动词build的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。]

5．[2015·湖北高考]The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project________(finish) by the students independently.

答案had been finished[句意：教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的项目。根据分析可知，finish这个动作发生在was delighted to find的之前，应该用过去完成时，又因project和finish之间是被动关系，故用had been finished。]

专题八非谓语动词

考点一非谓语动词作定语

1．[2015·北京高考]The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

答案enjoying[句意：公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine作people的定语，people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系，需要用主动形式，故用enjoying，相当于who enjoyed。]

2．[2015·福建高考]Teams of four，________(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50－metre course.

答案dressed[句意：四人一组的几个队，穿着各种各样奇怪、滑稽的衣服，沿着一条50米的路线滚一个完整的奶酪。根据分析可知，此处考查be dressed in, teams of four与dress 为被动关系，且作定语，故用dressed。]

考点二非谓语动词作状语

1．[2015·天津高考]________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

答案Having worked[句意：工作了两天之后，Steve设法按时完成了他的报告。句子主语为Steve，与work为逻辑上的主谓关系，又因work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式Having worked。]

2．[2015·福建高考]________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

答案To learn[句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，Jack已决定选修中国民间音乐。根据句意可知，此处充当目的状语，故用To learn。]

3．[2015·重庆高考]________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.

答案Raised[句意：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，在句中作状语，故用Raised。] 4．[2015·湖南高考]When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.

答案wondering[句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。主语she与wonder存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且wonder与stood的动作是同时发生的，作伴随状语，故用wondering。]

考点三非谓语动词作补语

1．[2015·陕西高考] Back from his two－year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother________ (take) good care of at home.

答案taken[句意：在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来之后，李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。根据句子结构来判断，此空要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，构成see sb. done结构，意思是“看到某人被……”，故用taken。]

2．[2015·浙江高考]Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it________(perform)

live is quite another.

答案being performed[句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏是另外一回事。hear 后的it是宾语，指代music，后面接宾语补足语，it与perform是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用being performed。]

考点四非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语

1．[2015·福建高考]________(see) the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

答案Seeing[句意：看到事情积极的一面并不意味着你在忽视所发生的事情。根据分析可知doesn't mean在句中作谓语，所以________the positive side of things 在句中作主语，故用Seeing。]

2．[2015·安徽高考]________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

答案Ignoring[句意：忽视这两项研究发现之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。根据分析可知，will be在句中作谓语，因此谓语动词之前的应为句子的主语，故用Ignoring。] 3．[2015·天津高考]At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped________(serve) the community.

答案serving[句意：68岁时，他从邮局退休，但他从未停止为社区服务。根据分析可知，此处表示“停止做某事”，用stop doing的结构，故用serving。]

专题九情态动词和虚拟语气

考点一情态动词的用法

1．[2015·北京高考]—Can't you stay a little longer?

—It's getting late. I really________ go now. My daughter is home alone.

答案must[——你就不能多待一会儿吗？——天越来越晚了。我现在真的必须走了。我女儿一个人在家里呢。根据答语中的“It's getting late”以及“My daughter is home alone”可知，这里表示必须离开，故用must。]

2．[2015·四川高考]You________ be careful with the camera. It costs!

答案must[句意：你一定要小心这个相机。它很贵的！根据语境可知，此处表示“一定”，故用must。]

3．[2015·陕西高考]You________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

答案may[句意：你可能感觉到所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的确信最后你将感谢你所做的这一切。根据句子中的“but I'm a hundred pe rcent sure later you'll be grateful you did it”可判断出，表示对前面情况的一种推测，表示“也许，可能”，故用may。] 4．[2015·福建高考]—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.

答案should[句意：——对不起，妈妈，我工作面试又失败了。——哦，太糟糕了，你本应该做充分准备。根据句意可知，此处表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”暗含对对方的责备，故用should。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]You________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.

答案must[句意：你一定是Carol。这么多年来你一点儿没变。依据第二句可知，此处表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，且用于肯定句，故用must。] 考点二虚拟语气

1．[2015·北京高考]If I ________(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.

答案hadn't seen[句意：如果不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。根据主句谓语wouldn't

have believed可知，这里考查的是if条件句中对过去情况的虚拟，if条件句中应用过去完成时，故用hadn't seen。]

2．[2015·安徽高考]It is lucky we booked a room, or we________(have) nowhere to stay now.

答案would have[句意：幸运的是我们预订了一间房。否则，我们现在就没有待的地方了。根据语境可知or之前的句子是陈述语气，是事实；or之后的句子是虚拟语气，是与现在事实相反的假设，故用would have。]

3．[2015·陕西高考]Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.

答案danced[句意：Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。动词wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。再根据句意，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，所以从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式，故用danced。]

4．[2015·重庆高考]Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway________(write) his famous novel A Fare w ell to Arms.

答案wouldn't have written[句意：没有战争时的经历，海明威不会完成他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，依据语境可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句用would＋have done结构，此处表示否定故用wouldn't have written。] 5．[2015·湖北高考]If she had been aware that the mushroom were poisonous, she________(pick) them for dinner.

答案wouldn't have picked[句意：要是知道这些蘑菇有毒，她不会采来做晚餐了。根据分析可知，if条件句是对过去情况的虚拟，因此主句用would＋have done，再依据语境可知，此处表示否定，故用wouldn't have picked。]

专题十数词和主谓一致

考点一数词

1．[2015·福建高考]The ______ (one) thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.

答案first[考查序数词。根据空前的定冠词知空处应填序数词。]

考点二主谓一致

1．[2015·湖南高考]It is important to remember that success________(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often________ (take) years to achieve.

答案is; takes[句意：成功是每一天作出的小小的努力的总和，而且常常需要很多年才能获得成功，记住这一点是重要的。that引导的宾语从句的主语是单数名词success，两个空是并列的谓语，谓语动词都需用单数形式，又因句子的主体时态是一般现在时故填is和takes。]

专题十一定语从句

考点一关系代词的用法

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

答案that/which[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，且在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词that/which。] 2．[2015·四川高考]The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

答案whose[句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖品，这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books，它与定语从句的主语是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。] 3．[2015·安徽高考]Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________ school education depends.

答案which[在名词skill之后则是一个由“介词upon＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，此处应填入关系代词which。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。] 4．[2015·福建高考]China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

答案which[本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.

答案which[句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰children's books 的非限制性定语从句，which指代children's books。]

考点二关系副词的用法

1．[2015·陕西高考]As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent.

答案when[句意：作为家里孩子中最小的一个，Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断，此句中the time后面是一个定语从句，且空处在从句中作状语，表示时间，所以要用关系副词when。]

2．[2015·北京高考]Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.

答案where[句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐。分析句子结构可知，________you can hear some lovely music是非限制性定语从句，where替代先行词St. Paul's Church在定语从句中作地点状语。]

3．[2015·天津高考]The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere________his employees enjoy their work.

答案where[句意：公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词atmosphere，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。在定语从句中，如果先行词为case, point, situation, stage, activity, occasion等表示抽象意义的名词作先行词，定语从句多用关系副词where引导。]

4．[2015·广东高考]When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market________ people from the towns met regularly.

答案where[考查定语从句。先行词为market，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故用where。]

专题十二名词性从句

考点一主语从句

1．[2015·北京高考]________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

答案How[句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，________we understand things 在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词how。]

2．[2015·江苏高考]________Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.

答案Where[依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，分析句子结构可知，________Li Bai, ...was born在句中作主语且其中只缺状语，因此填Where，引导主语从句。]

考点二宾语从句

1．[2015·北京高考]I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.

答案that[句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语，是宾语从句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。] 2．[2015·四川高考]The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.

答案why[句意：该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空格处用why引导宾语从句。]

3．[2015·福建高考]—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

答案how[根据答语“By working out every day”可知，空格处用how 来引导宾语从句，表示方式。]

4．[2015·陕西高考]Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

答案what[句意：读着她的自传，我对Doris Lessing 在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断，for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，所以要用what。] 5．[2015·重庆高考]We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

答案when[句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故填when。]

考点三表语从句

1．[2015·安徽高考]A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not________ ships are built for.

答案what[句意：港口里的船是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。空处引导的是表语从句，且从句中的介词for缺宾语，故填what。]

专题十三并列连词和

状语从句

考点一并列连词

1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]There the air is clean________the mountains are green.

答案and[句意：那里空气清新且山脉一片绿。前后句为并列关系，故填and。]

2．[2015·北京高考]He is a shy man，________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.

答案but[句意：他是一个害羞的人，但他不惧怕任何人和事。空处前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用连词but。]

3．[2015·重庆高考]In that case, eat before the flight，________an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.

答案or[句意：在乘飞机之前要用餐，否则空腹会让你睡不着觉。这是一个“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”的句式，祈使句“eat before the flight”和“an empty stomach”是相反的，故用or。]

4．[2015·四川高考]In fact, I don't like to go anymore, ________ I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.

答案but[考查连词，上下句为转折关系，故用but。]

考点二状语从句

1．[2015·北京高考]You won't find paper cutting difficult as________ as you keep practicing it.

答案long[句意：只要你一直练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难的。as long as 意思是“只要”。] 2．[2015·北京高考]________the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.

答案Once[句意：一旦损害造成，农田恢复将需要很多年的时间。once意思是“一旦”。] 3．[2015·四川高考]There is only one more day to go________your favorite music group play live.

答案before[句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场演出之前仅有一天的时间了。根据句意可知，空格处用before引导时间状语从句。]

4．[2015·安徽高考]________he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.

答案Where[根据前后句的语境可知，此处应用where 引导地点状语从句。句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有着更进一步、不断向前的决心。]

5．[2015·重庆高考]If you miss this chance, it may be years________you get another one.

答案before[句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能过很多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“it will/may be＋一段时间＋before...”句式，表示“过多久才……”。]

专题十四特殊句式

考点一倒装句

1．[2015·天津高考]Only when Lily walked into the office________she realise that she had left the contract at home.

答案did[句意：直到Lily走进办公室，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“Only＋状语从句/介词短语/副词”作状语放在句首时，主句多用部分倒装；由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填did。]

2．[2015·江苏高考]It might have saved me some trouble________I known the schedule.

答案had[根据主句中的“might have saved”可知，从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时，表示对过去事实的虚拟。完整的从句是if I had known the schedule，其中的if可以省略，同时将had提前，构成倒装，故填had。]

3．[2015·湖南高考]Only after talking to two students________ I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

答案did[句意：在与两位学生谈过之后我才发现有强烈的动机是实现目标的最大的因素之一。“Only＋状语”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由句意可知动作发生在过去，故用助动词did。only修饰主语位于句首时，句子不用倒装。如：Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。]

4．[2015·湖北高考]Into the complete silence of the waiting class________ (come) the teacher's sweet voice, “Good morning, children.”

答案came[句意：在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好”。表示地点、时间或方位的副词here, there, now, then, in, out 等置于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是be, come, go等表示动作趋向或状态的动词时，句子需用完全倒装。] 5．[2015·福建高考]Here________my tips for you.

答案are[考查倒装句。本句使用了倒装结构，句子主语是my tips, 故用are。]

考点二省略句

1．[2015·北京高考]If ________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.

答案accepted[句意：如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。条件状语从句的主语为you, accept和you为动宾关系，需要用被动语态，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语部分有be动词时，状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略，补充完整为If you are accepted for the job，故答案为accepted。]

2．[2015·湖南高考]Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.

答案left[考查状语从句的省略。句意：电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语Video games之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left...是状语从句的省略形式。故填left。]

考点三强调句

1．[2015·重庆高考]Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century________his musical gift was fully recognized.

答案that[句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。but之后是一个强调not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故用that。] 2．[2015·湖南高考]It was when we were returning home________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

答案that[句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home 是一个when引导的时间状语从句，对应的主句是后面整个句子，去掉“It was”和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型，故填that。]

3．[2015·湖北高考]It was in this lake________ (be) they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.

答案that[根据句意可知，此句强调的是地点状语，考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其它。故填that。]

专题十五语篇型语法填空

Passage 1

[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]

Yangshuo, China

It was raining lightly when I__1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __2__，I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with__3__ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5__(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away__6__ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.

Yangshuo__7__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers __8__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __9__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people__10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

本文介绍了桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔。

1．arrived[考查动词。主句为过去进行时，因此when连接的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，故本空填arrived。]

2．before/earlier[考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因此填副词before/earlier。]

3．its[考查代词。这里指香港的污浊空气，因此填物主代词its“它的”，指香港的。] 4．that/which[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“the limestone mou ntain tops and dark waters of the Li River”，且在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词that/which。]

5．paintings[考查名词。由前面的短语“so many”可知，本空应填名词复数paintings。] 6．by[考查固定搭配。从桂林乘车到这里仅用一个小时。by car“乘汽车”。]

7．is[考查动词。本句描述阳朔景色之美，应用一般现在时。]

8．conducted[考查非谓语动词。空处为过去分词短语作后臵定语，修饰“A study of travelers”。]

9．regularly[考查副词。本空修饰动词，应填regularly。]

10．living[考查非谓语动词。空处与“people”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后臵定语。]

Passage 2

[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even__2__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their__3__ (able) to “air condition”a house without__4__ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__5__(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough__6__(cool) the house during the hot day; __7__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __8__(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As __9__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __10__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

这是一篇说明文，重点介绍了美国Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。

1．built[考查过去分词短语作定语。本句主语是The adobe dwellings，谓语是are admired，因此空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。] 2．the[考查形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。]

3．ability[考查词类转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作表语，且前有their修饰，故填名词ability。]

4．using[考查动名词作宾语的用法。介词without之后接动名词作宾语。]

5．slowly[考查形容词转化为副词的用法。修饰动词应用副词。]

6．to cool[考查不定式短语作结果状语的用法。这是enough to do句型，表示“足以……”，不定式短语作结果状语。]

7．at[考查介词。at the same time表示“同时”，是固定搭配。]

8．goes[考查动词时态。结合语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为This cycle，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。]

9．natural[考查词类转换。修饰名词应用形容词。]

10．how[考查感叹句。这里是感叹句，修饰形容词thick应用副词how。]

Passage 3

[2015·广东高考]Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __1__ farm, which looked almost abandoned. __2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __4__(leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily. While making great

efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to__10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

本文是一个小故事。Johnson先生和家人住在树林中，他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农场，幸好他有一头奶牛。可是有一天牛死了，奶牛的死会给Johnson一家带来什么变化呢？

1．a[考查冠词。farm在文中是第一次出现，而且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词a。] 2．Luckily[考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词形式，故填Luckily。]

3．for[考查介词。exchange A for B是固定搭配，意为“交易”，故填介词for。]

4．was left[考查时态和语态。主语与leave是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时。]

5．when[考查连词。有一天，牛正在吃草，突然天开始下大雨。根据语境可知，此处应用when“正在这时(突然)”。]

6．fell[考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处填fell与后面的died作并列谓语。] 7．without[考查介词。根据文意可知这里是指“没有了那头牛”，故填without。]

8．to sell[考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。]

9．where[ 考查定语从句。先行词为market，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故用where。]

10．him[考查代词。根据空后的“his farm”可知应填him，指代Mr.Johnson。It occurs to sb. that...“某人突然想起……”。]

专题十六细节理解题

Passage 1

[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ，A]体裁：应用文词数：240

Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum

Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21：00.

November 7th

The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of at group of early “civil engineers”．

December 5th

Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London's ice trade grew.

February 6th

An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report

on the present state of play.

March 6th

Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.

Online bookings: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e26618081.html,/book

More info: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e26618081.html,/w hatson

London Canal Museum

12－13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT

www. canalmuseum. org. uk www. canalmuseum. mobi

Tel：020 7713 0836

本文介绍了伦敦运河博物馆在11月、12月、2月和3月推出的四场专题讲座的具体日期、主要内容、演讲者的情况等。

1．When is the talk on James Brindley?

A．February 6th.B．March 6th.

C．November 7th. D．December 5th.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第一场讲座的介绍中的“James Brindley”可知，讲座的时间是：November 7th。]

2．What is the topic of the talk in February?

A．The Canal Pioneers.

B．Ice for the Metropolis.

C．Eyots and Aits－Thames Islands.

D．An Update on the Cotswold Canals.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第三场讲座的介绍的第一句话“ An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne”可知，2月6日的讲座的主题是“An Update on the Cotswold Canals”，主讲人是Liz Payne。

3．Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?

A．Miranda Vickers.

B．Malcolm Tucker.

C．Chris Lewis.

D．Liz Payne.

答案A[细节理解题。根据第四场讲座的介绍的第一句可知，由Miranda Vickers主讲的这场讲座的内容是关于“Thames Islands”的。]

Passage 2

[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ，D]体裁：应用文词数：263

Choose Your One Day Tours!

Tour A—Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.

Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.

Tour B—Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house—￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.

Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires ( 尖顶)” from St Mary's Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided

tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.

Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VIII's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost !

Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.

这是一篇应用文，介绍了英国几处风景名胜一日游的相关情况。

1．Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?

A．Tour A. B．Tour B.

C．Tour C. D．Tour D.

答案B[细节理解题。在Tour B中提到“Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges”，因此答案是B项。]

2．Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?

A．Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.

B．Oxford & Stratford.

C．Bath & Stonehenge.

D．Cambridge.

答案D[细节理解题。结合本文信息可知，在3月17日这一天四个景点的票价分别为：￡37，￡36，￡37，￡33，因此最低票价在Cambridge。]

3．Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?

A．It used to be the home of royal families.

B．It used to be a well－known maze.

C．It is the oldest palace in Britain.

D．It is a world－famous castle.

答案A[细节理解题。根据Tour C中的“With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen”可知，这里曾经是国王和皇后的住所，因此现在成为了主要的旅游胜地。]

Passage 3

[2015·北京高考，A]体裁：记叙文词数：396

The Boy Made It!

One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.

Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.

He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn't,

his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.

Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.

By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.

The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.

Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man v s.Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man v s.Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.

When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Nicholas在一次滑雪时迷路，利用自己在电视里学到的求生技能成功求生的故事。

1．What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?

A．He got lost. B．He broke his skis.

C．He hurt his eyes. D．He caught a cold.

答案A[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句话“Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alo ne”可知，一个周日的下午Nicholas迷路了，故答案为A项。]

2．How did Nicholas keep himself warm?

A．He found a shelter.

B．He lighted some branches.

C．He kept on skiing.

D．He built a snow cave.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，Nicholas挖了一个雪洞来保暖，故答案为D项。]

3．On Tuesday, Nicholas________.

A．returned to his shelter safely

B．was saved by a searcher

C．got stuck in the snow

D．stayed where he was

答案B[细节理解题。根据第六段第四句话“He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him”可知，是一个搜寻者救了Nicholas，故答案为B项。] 4．Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he________.

A．did the right things in the dangerous situation

B．watched Grylls' TV program regularly

C．created some tips for survival

D．was very hard－working

答案A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，尤其是“how hard Nicholas had to work to stay

alive”可知，为了生存Nicholas付出了很大的努力。]

Passage 4

[2015·四川高考，D]体裁：说明文词数：336

Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night－as well as during the day, British－based researchers say.

David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

Dr. Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”

And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr. Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’. During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”

Although Dr. Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.

However, some birds thrive (兴旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.

本文是一篇研究类文章。夜间灯光及嘈杂的城市环境导致知更鸟整夜长鸣，这不仅会消耗它们的能量，而且对它们的健康有害。

1．According to Dr. Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much?

A．The breeding season.

B．The light in modern life.

C．The dangerous environment.

D．The noise from heavy machinery.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“light from street la mps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案为B。]

2．What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?

A．The environment might be polluted.

B．The birds' health might be damaged.

C．The industry cost might be increased.

D．The people's hearing might be affected.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much”及第四段中的最后一句可知答案为B。]

2015年北京高考英语试题及答案

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