专四写作技巧
这是一些值得背诵的句子，希望你们能够背下来。
在好莱坞人人都梦想得到奥斯卡奖，连乞丐都满怀着希望，乞丐要饭时，旁边立了块牌子，上面写着：
Help keep my Oscar Hopes Alive.
帮帮忙，让我保持我的奥斯卡希望。
对生活充满希望，努力奋斗，不必担心结果，心态恬淡快乐。
We should hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. The worst result is that we can’t get out of the world alive.
我们应该做最好的打算，做最坏的准备。最坏的结果是我们不能活着走出这个世界。
自己的希望要在一定程度上切合实际，获得满足的快乐。
If at first you don't succeed, try, try, again. If it still doesn't work, redefine success.
如果第一次你没有成功，接着再试；如果还不奏效，重新定义成功。
注：。这有点儿自欺欺人，但也是调节心情的一种方法。
无知者无畏，要敢于尝试新鲜事物，生活多彩快乐。
All you need in this life is ignorance and confidence; then success is sure.
所有你生命中所需要的就是无知和自信，那么你肯定能成功。
注：，敢于尝试新鲜事物，遇到挫折还是很自信地向前走，这种人成功的机会很大。
坦然面对生活中的起起伏伏，荣辱不惊。
Life is full of ups and downs, especially when you’re an elevator operato r.
生活充满着上下起伏，特别当你是一个电梯操作工时。
注：ups and downs: 波动，盛衰，浮动
坦然接受自己的生活，尊重自己的选择。
Life is a sum of all your choices.
生命是你所有选择的总合。
Life is like an onion: you peel off layer after layer and then you find there is nothing in it.
生活就象洋葱：你一层一层拨开就会发现里面什么也没有。
顺境时也要时刻防范不测发生，快乐迎接挑战。
Life is like surfing, you might catch a good wave and have a fun ride, but watch out for those sharks.[鲨鱼]
生活就象冲浪，你可能赶上了好浪，那会是一次有趣的旅行，但要提防那些鲨鱼。
When life throws you stones, throw them back!
当生活扔给你块儿石头，你再扔回去。
挑生命中重要的事情去做，当然快乐。
专四写作怎样才能拿得高分？
(一)写作题的性质
听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。
(二)英语专业四级写作要求
能根据题目列出写作提纲，在35分钟左右写出200～250词的短文。
以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。
能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。
写作课培养学生初步写作能力，最简单的常用应用文。
(三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定
(1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。
(2)题型：主观试题，分为Section A和Section B两个部分。
Section A: Composition写作文
Section B: Note-writing写便条
(3)测试要求：
a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇180词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。
b)便条。要求根据提示写大约50～60词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。
(四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准
1.作文的评分标准
(1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。
(3)组织严密，逻辑性强。
(4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。
(5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。
(6)语法正确。
(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。
(五)高分密招
1. 在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?
对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。
对策一：用其近义词代替。
如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”，英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如thi nk, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近” ，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currentl y, at present。此外，同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。
对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。
上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Ow ing a Car 这篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去释
义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径( 大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒体的具体表现形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为part\|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。
如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象
要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。
首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时间安排是写出优秀作文的必不可少的第一步。
其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。
再次，除了形式之外，作文的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列
表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, wh at"s more等。此外，还可以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another；On the o ne hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：①用恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。②要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。③要注意句型结构，注意每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。
便条的写作
便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。
环球时代:英语专四写作必背经典句型
1．There is no sport I enjoy more than swimming.
2. Nothing is more important than perseverance in achieving success.
3. I don’t imagine anything we cannot do so long as we persist.
4. There is no denying that our economy is developing by leaps and bounds.
5. It is universally acknowledged that what he has done was a mistake.
6. It is conceivable (可想而知的) / obvious (明显的) / apparent / that there will be a new econo
mic crisis throughout the world, but we hope it won’t happen.".
7. It goes without saying （不言而喻）that we have to work hard if we want to learn a foreign l anguage well.
8. Science to the human mind is what air or water is to the body
科学之于人类思想正如水或空气之于身体
9. Crisis is to us what illness is to our body.
10. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有太阳
11. General Lee is everything General Grant is not.
12. Great changes have taken place since our country entered WTO.
13. On no account can we lie.
14. Under no circumstances should we reveal our secret.
15. There is no one but longs to communicate wi t h others
16. So precious is time tha t we can’t afford to waste i t.
17. I t is high time we did something to change the situation.
18. The situation will worsen unless some steps are taken to stop i t.
19. The reasons why I am the most partial to blue are threefold.
20. We should spare no effort to make a success of our career.
21. I t pays to take part in social works in order to know the outside world better.
22. Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
23. We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
24. Taking exercise is closely related to health.
25. The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
26. …change the course of history…
…turn over a new leaf…
…shape the destiny of a nation…
…shape the world…
…break a new ground…
27. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
28. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
29. We shall do our utmost to change and reverse the current situation.
30. Time is more than money.
专四写作指导：如何用英语简单句表达复杂思想
这是从你们的实际出发给出的回答。因为学了很多年的英语，大部分考生还是能够写出一些东西的，最起码能够写出一些英语的简单句吧。简单句包括S+V（主谓句），S+V+O （主谓宾）， S+V+O+O（主谓宾宾），S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）， S+V+C（主系表），复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。
用简单句写复杂思想
学了这么多年英语，为什么还不能写出好的句子？原因在于想得太复杂了。我们可以将要表达的汉语思想，全部说成简单的句子，而简单句，在写作时是考生可以掌控的。之后再将简单句加以润色、组合，使之登堂入室，夺取高分。
例如写这句话：大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。看到这样的汉语句子，一般我们的反应是要用It is impossible for sb. to do sth……这样的句型，然后想着往里填词：在sb. 的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示：
It is impossible for刚刚毕业的大学生to找到高薪的工作.
那么“刚刚毕业的大学生”怎么写？英语里面好像找不到一个表示“刚刚毕业的”形容词放在大学生前面，所以就要用定语从句，写成college students who have just graduated，如果graduated不会写，先写成left；然后怎么写“高薪的”，英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在jobs的前面，所以用定语从句，写成to find jobs which can give them a lot of money.这样这个句子将写成：It is impossible for college students who have just graduated to find jobs whic h can give them a lot of money. 这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面，实在是太容易犯错了。实际上，刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成：newly-graduated students, 而高薪的工作可以写成well-paying jobs, 将这两个短语放进去，成为：It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs，与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。不过试问，能写出这两个短语的有几人呢？
我们能不能换一种思路，想得简单点，把上面一句话拆分成为四句：
①每年，都有很多大学生毕业。
②他们都想找到工作。
③这些工作可以给他们很多钱。
④这是不可能的。
我相信这样的句子大部分考生很快就可以写出来：
①Every year, many college students graduate.
②They all want to find jobs.
③These jobs can give them a lot of money.
④This is impossible.
第一句话属于五种简单句中的主谓句，第二句是主谓宾，第三句是主谓间宾直宾，第四句是主系表。
下面我们看看能不能润色一下：第一句话我们将熟悉的many改为heaps and heaps of （一批一批的），这是换词；然后?：from universities；又想到还有独立的学院，再加上and institutes.第一句话变成：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities a nd institutes.
这句话这样一改，便成气候了。
第二句和第三句可以用定语从句连接起来，因为第三句的主语是第二句最后jobs的重复，所以②＋③成为：They all want to find jobs，which can give them a lot of money. 再润色，我们发现give可以改为offer，a lot of money可以改为handsome salaries.利用学过的语法知识我们可以让这个句子更加复杂，给定语从句中加一个插入语：they hope，放在which后面，这样这句话就成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries.
第四句话也可以和前两句连在一起，这次不采用主从复合句，而采用并列句，因为意思
发生转折，故用but连接，而impossible太绝对了，改为hardly possible，于是成为：They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible.
所以最初的那句话，经过拆解、加工（换词和连句）形成了下面的一组句子：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities a nd institutes. They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible.
上文总共32个词，与我们刚才认为很难达到的那个句子It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs （10个词）相比，气势上毫不逊色，但是哪一种写法更适合广大考生的情况呢？当然是从熟悉的东西着手改造更为可取，像newly-graduated和well-paying这样的天外来客式的词组需要积累，或者自己有意去搜寻。再强调一下：上面这组句子是我们从简单句变过来的。
简单句写作思路
英文写作的思维就像一个黑洞，似乎深不可测，但如果我们将写作的过程视为一个看不见的汉译英的过程就会简单明了得多。根据笔者的经验，英文写作一般是先想主语，因为主语是一句话的开头；再想谓语，谓语中应该会先写助动词，所以先想用什么时态、语态、情态；接下来是动词，动词要考虑的是用及物动词还是不及物动词，是系动词还是实义动词。如果是及物动词就要考虑跟宾语，系动词就要考虑跟表语。
系动词跟表语
下面，我们一起来写几句话。
例一：国际旅游业创造了很多就业机会。
这句话比较简单。首先想想写这句话主语应该是什么？应该是“国际旅游业”，谓语应该是“创造”，还要带一个宾语“就业机会”。这句话的主干应该是：旅游业创造就业机会。对应的简单句句型应该是主谓宾S+V+O.先写主语：International tourism；下面考虑时态，这应该是一个经常反复发生的动作，故用一般现在时，create这个动词应该加s；create
是及物动词，所以后面加上many job opportunities, 写成：International tourism creates many job opportunities.
例二：外出工作让母亲们没法照顾好孩子。
这是一个稍微难的句子，先想主语，是“外出工作”，在主语的位置要用动名词，写成Working outside：“让”不能写成let，要用make, 时态用一般现在时，故make要加s；make是及物动词，后跟宾语mothers, “没法照顾好孩子”就成为宾语补足语，构成S+V+O+C的句型，宾语补足语用形容词，写成unable to take good care of their children, 全句成为：Working outside makes women unable to take good care of their children.
当然还可以写成：
Working outside makes it impossible for women to take good care of their chil dren.
这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作让母亲们照顾好孩子成为不可能”，然后活用了it作为形式宾语，将不定式后置。相比之下第一种写法稍显生硬。
第三种写法：Working outside deprives women of the chance to take good care of their chil dren.
这句话将原句进行了适当变通，使之成为“外出工作剥夺了母亲们照顾好孩子的机会”，活用了deprive sb. of 这个句型。所以英语写作有很多可能，可选择自己最有把握的句子写出来。
例三：五月到九月份，公司的营业额极不稳定。
这句话在图表写作时可能遇到。五月到九月份可以理解为在五月到九月份，作时间状语，写成between May and September；主语选择“公司的营业额”，将这句话理解为“是极不稳定的”；谓语动词选择系动词be的过去式，为was：“不稳定的”用形容词erratic, 这句话可以写成主系表结构S+V+C：
Between May and September, the turnover of the company was fairly erratic.
注意系动词所表示的“是”，经常在汉语思维中隐藏。
结束语：简单句需要同学们好好训练，因为简单句是走向更复杂句子结构的基础，也是新四级考生在临场考试时最能够有把握写好而不犯错的句型。
下面是托福的范文，跟四级略有区别，大家看一下他们的观点和用词。不要看他的结构。
Should animals be used in testing new drugs and procedures?
Animal Testing
Animal testing may be necessary, but we need to be be merciful
Every year, m illions of anim als undergo painful suffering or death as a result of scientific research into the effects of drugs, food additives, cosm etics and other chemical products. While m ost people think animal testing is necessary, others are upset by what they see as needless suffering. This essay looks at som e of the positive and negative aspects of anim al testing.
Many medical treat m ents and procedures have been developed from experiments on animals. Since anim als share m any features with humans, scientists use anim als to test the safety and effectiveness of newly developed drugs before pilot testing on sm all groups of patients. Medical team s practice new operating techniques such as transplants on animals. Without animal testing, m any procedures or new drugs would be extremely unsafe.
However, m any people are concerned that anim als are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly. They do not believe that every new drug needs to be tested on animals,
especially with the huge database of knowledge and modern com puter m odels. They also are worried that m any animal tests are ineffective, pointing out that any drugs have had to be withdrawn from the m arket despite extensive testing. They particularly feel that animal testing should not be used for non-essential products such as cosm etics, sham poos, soaps, and cleaning products. Furthermore, some cam paigners would like to see certain tests replaced and m ore humane methods used.
We need to m ake sure that the millions of animals who are used for testing new products are treated with the m inimum of suffering. Although som e animal testing may be unavoidable at present, treating our fellow creatures as m ercifully as possible will demonstrate our humanity.
267 words
Animal Testing
There is no alternative
Every day, thousands of people are saved from painful diseases and death by powerful medical drugs and treat m ents. This incredible gift of m edicine would not be possible without animal testing. Despite these overwhelming benefits, however, som e people are calling for animal testing to be banned because of alleged cruelty. This essay will examine arguments for and against animal testing.
Those against the use of anim al testing claim that it is inhumane to use animals in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much m ore inhumane to test new drugs on children or adults. Even if it were possible, it would also take m uch longer to see potential effects, because of the length of tim e we live com pared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits.
Opponents of anim al testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This m ay be partly true. Som e drugs have had to be withdrawn, despite testing. However, we sim ply do not have alternative m ethods of testing. Com puter m odels are not advanced enough, and testing on plants is muc h less applicable to hum ans than tests on anim als such as m onkeys. Until we have a better system, we must use animal testing.
A further point often raised against animal testing is that i t is cruel. Som e of the tests certainly seem painful, but the great majority of people on this planet eat m eat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sym pathy for animals? Furthermore, animals clearly do not feel the sam e way as humans, and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals, since this would damage their research.
I agree that we need to m ake sure that anim als who are used for testing new products have the m inimum of suffering. However, I am convinced that anim al testing is necessary, and that it will continue to benefit hum ans in new and wonderful ways.
311 words
Animal Testing
Advantages of Animal Testing in Medical Research
Medical research involving animals has dramatically improved the health of the human race. Without anim al testing, the cure for polio would not exist and diabetics would suffer or die from their disease. Despite these benefits, som e people believe that anim als should be not be used for testing m edical techniques and drugs. This essay will outline the advantages of anim al testing.
Animal testing allows scientists to test and create new drugs. Animals such as monkeys or rabbits have similar physical processes to hum ans. This allows scientists to test the effects of certain drugs. If a drug produces adverse effects in animals it is probably unfit for human use.
Animal testing is cheap. There is a large supply of animals for medical research. Animals are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing in humans would be extremely high.
Many people argue that animal testing is cruel. In some cases this is true. However it would be much m ore cruel to test new drugs on people or children, or to let people die because there was not enough information about a drug. Furthermore, legislation in m ost countries sets standards for animal treat m ent, and laboratories have guidelines to prevent cruelty.
Opponents of anim al research also say that inform ation from animals does not apply to hum ans. They point to certain commercial drugs which have been withdrawn because of side-effects in humans While it is true that anim al system s differ from human system s, there are enough similarities to apply information from animals to humans.
Animal rights campaigners claim that we don’t need new tests because we already have vast am ounts of information. However, many new deadly infections appear every year and new treat m ents and drugs are needed to com bat these deadly plagues.
Animal testing is needed in the world we live in. Our responsibility is to manage the animals in our care and balance their suffering against the good that com es from them.
321 words
Should children be educated at home or in school?
Home Schooling: The Right Choice?
Are parents really helping their children by teaching them at home?
In m ost countries in the world, governments require children to attend schools in which trained teachers are responsible for educating the children using an approved curriculum. However a significant number of parents believe that it is m uch better for their children to be educated at hom e by the people who know them and their needs best. This essay will examine the question of home schooling and discuss which the best option for the child is
An increasing number of parents are deciding that hom e schooling is the best option for their children. They are unhappy with the quality or depth of education offered in the schools, or have other reasons why they feel that traditional schools are not suitable for their children. One reason is social factors. Parents worry that their children will suffer from bullying or will be forced into antisocial behavior by peer pressure. They believe that the good behavior they have taught the child will be lost in school. Another reason is concern over the quality of schooling available. Schools frequently have large classes. They are often under-funded, and staffed by teachers without sufficient knowledge of their subjects. Subjects such as the family’s religion or language may not even be available in the school. Other parents m ay disagree with the aim s of the school curriculum, preferring for academ ic, social or cultural reasons to keep their children separate. Finally, som e children with special needs may need particular parental care.
However, there are m any argum ents in favor of sending children to conventional schools. The first is that the children will be exposed to other children. These children may represent either a cross-section of society or a narrow group, but in either case the children will interact with each other and develop social skills. A second point is that the children will learn to function outside the family. They will not be dependent on their parents for their educational, emotional and social needs.
A third point is that the children will find it easier to integrate when they finish school, as they eventually will, when they start work or college.
Overall, while many parents work hard to teach their children at hom e, conventional schools are still the right choice for m ost children. Schools are not perfect, but they seem to be a proven way of preparing our children for the real world.
392 words
When should people be made to retire? 55? 65? Should there be a compulsory retirement age?
Retirement Age
When should people be m ade to retire? 55? 65? Should there be a compulsory age limit?
Many old people work well into their 70s and 80s, running families, countries or corporations. Other people, however, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire in their or even earlier because of com pany or national regulations. This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working for as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. First of all, older emp loyees have an immense am ount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire. A second point is that older employees are often extrem ely loyal em ployees and are more willing to implem ent com pany polic ies than younger less committed staff. However, a more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force som eone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effect ively their useful life is over.
Allowing older people to work indefinitely however is not always a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who m ay have been stuck in one area or unit for m ost of their working lives. Having com pulsory retirem ent allows new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, however arbitrary, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or roles. A third point of view is that older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being gi ven generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy their leisure.
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older
individual’s freedom- and right - to work and can deprive society of valuable experience and insights. I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.
370 words
Should governments spend money on art, when they have so many other important issues and concerns?
Spending on Art
Art is a basic human need. Governments have a responsibility to spend money on art for their citizens. (Shorter version: 260 words)
Many people's lives are richer because of art - music, paintings, calligraphy, pictures, sculpture, poems and dance. However, some people feel that governments should be spending m oney on housing, m edical care, or defence, instead of on art. This essay will discuss whether governm ents should or should not spend m oney on the arts.
There are several reasons why governments should not finance artists. First of all, artists should have to follow the same rules as the rest of the m arket. If there is a dem and for their m usic or sculpture, then they will be rich. Secondly, politicians generally do not have good taste. They will waste public money on popular art or on their own preferences. But the main reason why governments should minimize spending on the art world is that there are m ore important areas like housing, roads, hospitals, and factories which need the m oney first.
However, it would be wrong to say that governm ents should not spend any money at all on art. Everybody needs som e beauty in their life, but not everyone can afford a Picasso or a piece of music. Governments should provide money for museums or concert halls for everyone. Another point is that art allows people to express them selves and this is good for society, culture and thought. Thirdly, artists can be good for the econom y by producing music, film s, and attracting tourists.
All in all, governments should prioritize their spending carefully, but they should also allocate som e of their budget for art. It is part of their duty to society and to future generations.
251 words
Spending on Art
Art is a basic human need. Governments have a responsibility to spend money on art for their citizens.
Throughout the ages, man has tried to create beauty through painting, music, sculpture and other artistic expression. It seem s to be a basic need of hum ans to surround themselves with art. However some people feel that government money spent on art is wasted, particularly when there are so many other de mands on it. This essay will examine the conflict between those who say art is important and those who feel it is a waste of m oney.
It can be wrong for governm ents to spend large sums of money on art. Too often, governments spend unwisely. They spend money on art not because a picture is good or a m useum is needed, but for political reasons. Cities end up with huge statues or em pty expensive buildings that are used only by a few people or the elite. Another point is that the artworks are often chosen to rep resent social or political rather than artistic ideas. The city gets yet another statue of the leader or an ugly monument to national aspirations. A third point is that governm ents often respond to fashions, and tastes in art can change very rapidly. Witho ut careful advice an expensive collection of worthless paintings or tasteless productions can be the result.
However, it would be wrong to say that governments should not spend any m oney at all on art. Painters, m usicians, and composers cannot survive without financial support. Rich people or large com panies do finance art, but then it is often inaccessible to ordinary people. Governments have a duty to m ake this art available to everyone. However, the m ost important reason why governm ents should support the arts is because an appreciation of art is one of the things that m akes life worthwhile. Humans do not need just shelter and food. Creative people have always tried to look at things in a new way and to m ake the world a better place through painting, music, poetry, calligraphy, sculpture, dance, and num erous other forms of expression. While art m ay not make us immortal, it does make the world a richer place for future generations.
In conclusion, although people do need to be provided with the necessities of life, such as housing and medical care, governments also have a duty to provide their citizens with som ething more. They should make sure that they pass on beauty, ideas and expression to the next generation and make art available to all instead of being the possession of only the few. I firmly believe that spending money on art is a vital part of a governm ent's responsibility, and I am confident that m y country will be able to contribute its share to the richness of the world's art and creativity.
447 words
In the fight against crime, police forces and governments are increasingly using security cameras in public places. Some people are opposed to this, saying that it invades our privacy. What do you think?
Security Cameras and Privacy
Does the individual have a right to privacy?
Security cam eras have becom e ubiquitous in m any countries. Whereas before they appeared only in banks and at high-security areas, they are now entering public places such as m alls, streets, stadium s and transport. Many people f eel this affects their privacy. This essay will examine whether the advantages of these cam eras outweigh their negative impact.
Surveillance cam eras have several benefits. An obvious benefit is that the police can catch criminals in the act, thus reducing crime. This will make the streets safer for ordinary people. A m ore important point is that criminals, particularly young offenders or petty criminals will be deterred. They will not be tem pted to carry out crim es, and thus society will be a lot safer. Cameras are also cost-effective and unobtrusive. Authorities do not need to spend large amounts of m oney on police.
However, security cam eras are far from being a perfect solution. The biggest objection concerns privacy. Many people feel that they should be f ree to travel or move around a shop, m all, street or country without being photographed or recorded. They feel that being watched constantly is like being in a jail, and that ordinary people are losing their freedom because of these devices. Another point is that although the police say that only criminals have something to fear from the cam eras, m any people do not trust governm ents with too m uch information. Corrupt authorities could use information in the wrong way or twist it to victimize som e groups. Thirdly, cam eras and com puters can make mistakes.
In conclusion, although there are definite advantages to using surveillance devices such as cam eras, we need to balance the need for security with respect for the individual's privacy and freedom. If we do not trust the m embers of society, a situation like George Orwell's "1984" could be the result.
297 words
Is a third-level education necessary for success?
英语专八写作技巧
英语专八写作技巧 (1)审题 在写作考试中要写出符合题目要求。高质量的作文，第一步是审题。所谓审题，就是通过阅读写作题目及相关信息或要求，准确领会 题目的含义，了解题目要求，为构思合乎具体写作要求的文章思路及 框架打下基础。数年来TEM-8写作项目已形成自身的特色。这个特色 就是，该项目内的几个部分（观点、情景、标题、写作要求）具有内 在的联系，从而构成一个整体。所以，审题就意味着不是仅仅浏览一 个标题，而是要兼顾其他部分。只有这样，学生才能真正明确写作目的，领会写作要求。 以TEM-8—1997的写作项目为例。该年的标题是 SOWING THE SEEDS，NURTURING GROWTH AND HEARVESTING THE REWARDS。如果我们 孤立地看题目的话，就很难领会该篇作文的具体要求和目的。但是， 一旦我们把标题与前面的情景与观点部分联系起来，这个标题的含义 就变得清晰：它要求学生用标题所含的耕作过程来比拟获得大学学业 成就的过程。同时，对具体语篇模式的要求（即ANALOGY）也显示在这部分中间。至于对作文修辞框架的要求，则出现在标题下面的一段文 字中。总来说之，提升审题的准确性有利于学生理解题目含义，了解 写作要求，进而有针对性地构思作文内容、布局等。不过，在历年写 作阅卷中我们发现，审题有误仍是学生经常犯的错误之一。 归纳起来有以下几点： 1）不熟悉TEM-8写作的设计特点，以为只看标题即可着手写作。这常常导致在文章内容上出现严重偏差。 2）对情景观点部分的理解一知半解，未经仔细斟酌就提笔写作文。这往往会造成学生采用错误的语篇模式。 3）忽略写作项目中对作文修辞框架的提示。这容易使得作文思路 或结构混乱或失衡。?
英语专业四级便条写作策略
英语专业四级便条写作 策略 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
英语专业四级考试之便条写作策略 便条是一种简短的、非正式的书信。它省 去了正式书信中的写信人地址、收信人地址， 甚至结束语，只留下日期、称呼、正文和签名 这四部分。便条的写作目的是为了将简要的话 语通过书面的形式传递给对方。 在英语专业四级测试中，每年都有便条写作。根据的新大纲要求，2004年起，便条写作 的总分数由原来的5分增加到10分，而写作 的时间保持不变。现以2004年的真题为例， 进行分析： SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10MIN] Write ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: You have got to know that your classmate, Michael, is organizing a weekend excursion for the class. And you are thinking of joining the trip. Write him a note expressing your interest
in the excursion and asking for information on two details related to the excursion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. 真题的第一行左边为试题名称，指出写作的第二部分为便条写作，右边为规定的写作时间。题目之下分为三段，第一、三段的斜体提示语历年不变，只是从2004年开始加了“ANSWER SHEET TWO”，以指明便条写作的做题之处，以免写错地方。考生一般都可以快速浏览一下，但也不可过于忽视。而中间这段即为设定的场景，也是考生需认真阅读的，它要求考生按照要求写作。 从历年的试题来看，便条的字数、格式基本不变，所以考生在掌握格式后，最主要的任务是认真对待正文内容。现分别对便条的字数、格式及相关要求进行分析说明。 一、字数要求 便条写作的字数要求一般限制在50字至60字之间。考生可以根据个人的行距习惯控制每行的字数，再决定需要写的行数。一定不要
专四写作评分标准
一、命题作文 满分15分，分五个等级，14分、11分、8分、5分和2分，可以酌情加一或减一分，但不得加或减半分。 具体标准为： 14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误。 11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8分：基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字上连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量严重错误。 5分：基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，文字连贯性差，有较严重的语言错误。 2分：条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 交白卷，或作文与题目毫不相干，或只写几个单词，以0分计算。 评分对于字数的要求：累计字数在150-170之间，扣1分；130-150之间，扣2分；110-130之间，扣3分；90-110之间，扣4分；90以下，至多给5分。若照抄提示中原句，均不得计入所写字数。
TEM4(2007)便条评分标准 一. 格式：（占3分） 包括日期，称呼，和结尾三部分，各占一分。 1.日期(date): 正确：April 24th,2007/ April 24, 2007/ April 24/24 April 2007/4/24/2007 24/4/2007(Apr.也可以，任何一个日期都可以) 2.称呼（Heading）: 正确：(Dear)Mike:(,)/ (Dear)Hilda:(,) (缺逗号或冒号，扣0.5分) 位置在日期下面一行左侧。 3. 结尾（Ending）: 正确：Yours sincerely,/Yours,/ Sincerely yours,/ Sincerely, (缺逗号，扣0.5分) Sincerely, Mike, Hilda (若在一行扣0.5) Yours sincerely （两个单词的首字母都大写扣0.5） 若名字没写或人名XXX（或Mike/ Hilda）扣1分。 4.格式需前后一致，如全左或全右，若不符合，扣1分。 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣1分。最多扣3分。 二.容（占2分） 本便条必须包括如下容： 1.拒绝（1分） 2.理由（1分） 三.语言（占5分） 1．首句需用自己正确的语言表达，若完全抄提示扣1分。 2．5分中有一分是语言的得体性。语言风格与情景不一致，扣1分（如：Yours truly,Truly yours,If you consent , etc）. 只有语言较好才得分。 四．评分总体要求： 1．语言没有严重错误，格式对，容完整，语言得体，字数符合要求（<80,>40）, 可给9—10分。 2．便条总字数（包括三部分格式在），要求在50—60字；不到40或超过80字扣1分。 3．请写出三部分的小分，如2+2+4（格式+容+语言） 4．不要出现0.5 分。 5．要求大家阅卷时做到认真仔细，不漏改卷，漏填分数或漏签名。请在每份卷子的错误部分划线，以便复校。 6．便条总分为10分，6分为及格线。
大学英语四级写作技巧简介.doc
大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv，要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目：an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题
——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定
英语专八写作经典句型20例
英语专八写作经典句型20例 一、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. （再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ the + ~ est +名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) ~~~ the most +形容词+名词+ (that) +主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我以前遇到最仁慈的教师。 四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
专八写作必备高分句型
专八写作必备高分句型 1. In recent years， many Chinese families have owned cars (computers/mobile phones/video cameras/houses/... ). 2. Recently the issue of... has been brought to public attention. (Currently there is a widespread concern that... /Now people in growing number are coming to realize that... ) 3. Nowadays， a heated debate (discussion) about the accession to WTO (private cars/stocks/brain-drain/Chinas football/... ) is under way in China. 4. As the market economy (the legal system/the living standard/the higher education system/the highway network/the infrastructure/...) improves in China，free competition will increasingly replace all sorts of monopolies. 5. One great man said that... 6. As the public awareness of the market economy (population control/socialism and communism/wildlife preservation/environmental protection/higher education/human rights/anti-monopoly/creativity/competition/laws and regulations/...) heightens， the gap between China and the developed countries will gradually vanish (many social problems will be solved gradually). 7. Recently，extensive studies (statistics/surveys/investigations/...) show (reveal/indicate/demonstrate/prove/...) that 07 Chinese cities and 23 small towns suffer water shortages.
专四作文写作技巧
专四作文写作技巧——如何写好英文便条 英文书信有正式与非正式之分，英文便条为非正式书信。 TEM4( 英语专业四级考试)把写便条(note～writing)列入必考项目之一，其目的是按照((高等院校英语专业英语教学大纲>)的要求，测试英语专业学生在基础阶段末用英语书面表达思想的能力。便条成绩在TEM4笔试成绩中虽只占10%，却如同一面镜子，能反映出学生英语书面交际的能力。有关英文便条写作，国内外学者多有论述(可参见宁有权、刘永军，1999;王崇义，1995;杨俊峰，1997;Aired，Brusaw&Oliu，2000; Bates，1990)。学者们认为，便条是一种简短信函，多使用非正式语体，它的形式比一般书信简单。例如，写便条的人与收便条的人的地址、称呼中“Dear'’一词、日期中的年份以及结尾套语(complimentary close，亦称结束语)，都可以省去;便条正文篇幅可小至一、两句话。可是，~TEM4便条写作而言，并不完全像以上说的那样，它有一定的限制。 英语专业四级考试大纲EM4写便条的要求是，“根据提示写大约50-60~]的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确，语言得体。”英语专业四级考试大纲的要求其实也给TEM4便条制定了评分标准。1TEIM4便条的评分往往从格式、内容、语言、字数这四方面来考虑。因此，要想写好TEM4便条，就必须掌握TEM4便条的基本要求，注意TEM4便条写作中常见的问题，以便对症下药，充分发挥自己的英文写作水平。 一TEM4便条的基本要求 (一) 格式(format)正确TEM4便条的格式与普通英文书信格式基本相同。 具体来说，它应有日期(date)、称呼(saluwfion)、正文(body)及结尾(ending)，结尾包括结尾套语(complimentary close)和签名(signature)。 1.日期指写便条的日期。英文便条与汉语便条的日期写的地方有别，前者的日期一般写在便条的右上角，偶尔也见写在便条的左上角，而后者的日期则写在便条的右下角，即写在签名的下面。英文日期与汉语日期的写法也有不同，汉语一般先写年，然后再写月、日，而英文则一般把年份写在月、日的后面。另外，英文日期的月、日与年之间通常用逗号隔开。例如，2008年4月21日通常写成April 21，2008或April 21 st，2008;当然，由于是非正式书信，也可以去掉年份，写成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不过，这种写法，只是最近两年才被TEM4接受)，或者写成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能说明便条的有效度，没有日期，则会使人感到茫然。 2.称呼称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear开头，写在日期下一两行、留出左页边空白，顶格写。TEM4试卷中一般对写便条人与收便条人之间的关系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是写便条人，提到的另一方便是收便条人。称呼时，一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可，如Dear Susan，Dear Tom。若此人有头衔(social title)，称呼时，便要保留其头衔，例如Dr.Herce，要称DearDr.Pierce，不称DearPierce。如果提示中的另一方是以MrsWang或MrWang出现，称呼时也只需在其前加Dear便可，即称DearMrsWang或DearMrWang，若只称DearWang则视为不妥。当对方为亲属时，在Dear 后面加上表示亲属关系大写的字眼即可，如DearGrandpa，DearAunt。值得一提的是，近年来TEM4也接受不带Dear的称呼。称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号。
专四写作要点
Part One TEM-4 写作考试作文概述 二．历年作文真题题目 TEM-4 写作的题型 A．比较选择类作文 B．意义，重要性，危害性说明文作文 C．观点论证类作文 D．提出建议，解决问题类作文 E. 现象解释类
2. 十七年来便条写作的命题方式 从以上列表分析，我们看出TEM-4 便条写作有如下命题特点： 1）TEM-4便条写作的题材—围绕学生们日常生活中发生的情况来命题 2）TEM-4 写作的体裁—告示，祝贺，道歉，请求，婉拒，安慰，留言，邀请等简单的应用文。 三．评分档次 1．命题作文采取的是整体评分法，即按照考生在四个评分方面的表现，把作文归入正确的档位，然后再按整体印象适度微调。评分档次共有5个(见下表) 评分对字数也有要求：累计字数在150-170之间，扣1分；累计字数在130-150之间，扣2分；累计字数在110-130之间，扣3分；累计字数在90-110之间，扣4分；累计字数在90以下，至多给5分。 2．便条评分标准 1）格式 a.日期（1 分）
正确写法：April 24, 2005 或 Apr.24 或24th April 正确位置：右上角 b.称呼（1 分） 正确写法：Dear Mike， 正确位置：日期下面一行左侧 c.结尾（1 分） 正确写法：Yours sincerely, 或 Yours, 或 Sincerely yours, 注：1. 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣0.5分。错两部分以上扣一分。没有格式扣一分。 2. 人名XXX或汉字扣0.5分。 2）内容与语言 a. 情况描述 b．邀请，道歉等的表达 c. 首句需用自己的语言表达 d. 语言表达较差（包括语法和拼写错误），扣0.5到1.5分；拼写错误超过三个扣1分。 3）字数要求：不到40或超过80扣1分， Part Two TEM-4 写作考试技巧 一．培养英语写作思维方式 A. 语篇结构 由于中英文化的差异，英汉两种写作思维方式也存在着巨大的差异。英语表达时先说重要，需强调的，然后再解释说明或补上附加条件。所以往往是先提出要求后解释，先说结果后叙述原因或先下结论再说明。如：Solitude produces an exhilaration of consciousness, the consciousness of our innermost being, whatever may be. (斜体部分解释说明consciousness)。 与此相反，讲究名正严顺的中国人写文章时则一般先说明原因后叙述结果，先做说明再做结论。如我们喜用“虽然…但是”，“因为…所以”，“不但…而且”等句式，都是重点在后。 1．常见的英语思维模式 （1）概括–具体型（general-specific pattern） a. 概括-列举式（generalization – example） It is interesting to note that iconic models only represent certain features of that portion of the real world which they simulate. For example, a map will only contain those features which are of interest to the person using the map. Similarly, archite ct’s models will be limited to conclude only those features which are of interest to the person considering employing the architect. b. 整体-细节式（preview –detail） It is no surprise that London is the most expensive city to stay in Britain; we have all heard the horror stories. According to international hotel consultants Harwath’s record report, there are five London hotels charging over 90 a night for a single room. But even if your hotel choice is a little modest, you will be working out nearly twice as much for a night’s stay in London as elsewhere in Britain. Average room rates last year worked out at around 19 in the province compared to 35 in London.
英语考试作文-2019专八写作满分经验以及技巧心得
英语考试作文 2019专八写作满分经验以及技巧心得 1、注重写好文章的框架 我曾经问过我的外教老师，外国人看文章最注重的是什么，他告诉我说是文章的framework.即一篇文章好不好，首先看的不是他的句型，词汇，或是论点等。而是段落之间的衔接一定要十分清楚，我们不能老是采用大三段的形式-开头，经过，结尾。我们可以多用用连接词，例如：first of all, moreover, secondly, lastly等，另外可以多分自然段，给考官一目了然的感觉。还有我们可以多看看国外的文章，看看他们的写作模式，我当初写文章的时候，用的就是我看到一篇国外文章的模式，我觉得可以套用，我最后介绍给大家。 2、句型的多样化 如果一篇文章，从头到尾，永远用的只有一种句型，那么这篇文章一定拿不到高分，我们可以适当的改换一下句型，我给大家一定建议，希望给大家有点帮助。 3、基本句型包括Ⅰ.主谓句;Ⅱ. There be;Ⅲ.主系表结构的句子;Ⅳ.被动语态(我看到一张帖字说，不要用被动，我不这样认为，国外的文章，用被动的也比比皆是。) 4、复杂句型包括Ⅰ.并列句;Ⅱ.从句(定语，状语，名
词性，非谓语) 5.词汇的Variety 说实话做到这点真的很难，首先你要有庞大的词汇量，第二你要用的恰当，不出错误。我自认做不到这点，所以我用的词汇有时候会重复。当然大家可以累计一些固定搭配的词汇，例如：激烈的竞争fierce competition等 6、多举EXAMPLE(重要) 大家不要小看这点，我认为对于写作基础不是很好的考生来说，这点是最重要的。一篇文章如果让你从头到尾都在讲道理，你有这么多话要说吗?而且有时候还不一定说的清楚。那么这时候你就用例子来表明你的观点。我认识一个朋友，可以说她的英语基础很差，但她的文章也拿了6分，我问她怎么写的，她告诉我说就是拼命的举例子。就这点我也曾问过我的外教老师，他曾是IELTS的考官，他说考官欢迎考生多举例子。 7、建议： 1)、写文章最关键的就是审题千万不要出错误，不然就前功尽弃了。 2)例如我积累的句子： Cultivate independence Develop a strong sense of responsibility Enhance social awareness Build up one’s confidence and offer one’s a sense
专四便条写作及范文~
英语应用文写作之便条写法 基本写作格式 便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名样例 欠条；留下字据，表示欠某人某物。条据上需写明钱物名称和数量、立据人及日期。不得涂改。 April 19, 2012 Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows: A copy of EnglishHistory and Anthology of English Literature by Wu Weiren A copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang Yaoxin A copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen. Wu Zhuo For the Office of Social Science Department 留言；用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。 Tuesday Dear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, I’m very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. I’m sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly. Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel? Yours always, Jiayang 请假条：往往指由于生病或特殊情况不能亲自当面请假，用假条的形式告假。所以，请假条大多是病假条。可以自写，也可请他人代写。写假条最重要的是说明原因和请假的期限。 Jan. 10th Dear Ms. Jiang, I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover. Yours respectfully, Tian Ye
专四写作要领
Suggested writing task: Direction: People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career, or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. 学生佳作选展： （1）The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood When you’re happy, the world appears colorful to you; when you feel down, the world seems to turn dull. Mood is not something you can grab with fingers, but it does make a difference in your life, hence the importance of keeping a good mood. A good mood helps you stay healthy, both mentally and physically. You may not believe in the power of mind, but you may believe in science. Statistics show that a positive mood helps patients’recovery and a pessimistic mood contributes to depression, which could cause severe mental diseases. Besides, a nice mood also turns you into a more efficient person. Experienced teachers and bosses must have found out that a cheerful person tends to make a better student or employee than a gloomy one. More importantly, being in a sweet mood could also make you more popular. Using a not-so-appropriate metaphor, a good mood is a contagious flu; it passes on from one to another and puts everyone that it touches in a better mood. Sharing happiness, that is how friends come. A wonderful mood is good for your health, it helps you with your study or career, and it earns you more friends. Everyone has what it takes in a good mood—willingness to strive, so why not give it a shot? （广外大04级缪月） 点评：这是一篇很有特色的命题习作，无论在段落层次还是在内容展开上都符合题目要求，难得的是，在表述风格上也体现了自己的追求。文章开头就用笔不俗，用了一个具有鲜明对比的句子使得保持好心情给人带来的好处显而易见。接着一、两行轻松的议论自然地烘托出全文主题—标致的V式布局。 第二段的主题句是对全文主题的具体化。全段取了三个角度来展开这一主题，分别是健康、效率和人缘。第一个层次紧随主题句的最后一个词physically，就没有再设分主题句，而是以和读者交流的口吻，用统计说话，摆出了一番道理。修辞上仍使用“比较与对照”的手段，接着一个which从句收住了这个分主题；第二个层次由Besides标示，有一个明快的分主题句：a nice mood also turns you into a more efficient person. 然后拿学习和工作作泛例来进一步阐释（这里的遗憾是该举例手段没有用标识语来明示）；第三个层次由More importantly起头，分主题句也很简明：being in a sweet mood could also make you more popular. 后面用了一个奇想式的隐喻，把好心情的互相感染比作流感，让人不由得产生会心的认同。接下去，读者在段末又读到了一句醇厚如诗的合题句（wrap-up）：Sharing happiness, that is how friends come.
英语四级写作方法与评分标准(doc 42页)
更多资料请访问.(.....) Writing Section A Composition (35
minutes)Section A Composition (35 minutes) (一)写作题的性质 写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。 (二) 考试大纲对英语写作的要求和规定 测试目的：按照基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。 测试要求： 作文。要求根据所给的题目和
列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇200词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。 (三)英语四级写作的评分标准 (1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。 (2)行文流畅。 (3)组织严密，逻辑性强。 (4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。 (5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。 (6)语法正确。 (7)拼写及标点正确，书写整
洁。 很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧) 。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。 Writing techniquesWriting techniques Master A: 从文章的形式结构看，一篇文章通常可分为引言（introduction），正文（body）和结束语（conclusion）。引言和结束语，简单扼要，正文具体而明晰，把要论的论清楚。
专四写作评分标准
专四写作评分标准 The document was finally revised on 2021
一、命题作文 满分15分，分五个等级，14分、11分、8分、5分和2分，可以酌情加一或减一分，但不得加或减半分。 具体标准为： 14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误。 11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8分：基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字上连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量严重错误。 5分：基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，文字连贯性差，有较严重的语言错误。 2分：条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 交白卷，或作文与题目毫不相干，或只写几个单词，以0分计算。 评分对于字数的要求：累计字数在150-170之间，扣1分；130-150之间，扣2分；110-130之间，扣3分；90-110之间，扣4分；90以下，至多给5分。若照抄提示中原句，均不得计入所写字数。 TEM4(2007)便条评分标准 一. 格式：（占3分）
包括日期，称呼，和结尾三部分，各占一分。 1.日期(date): 正确：April 24th ,2007/ April 24, 2007/ April 24/24 April 2007/4/24/2007 24/4/2007(Apr.也可以，任何一个日期都可以) 2.称呼（Heading）: 正确：(Dear)Mike:(,)/ (Dear)Hilda:(,) (缺逗号或冒号，扣分) 位置在日期下面一行左侧。 3. 结尾（Ending）: 正确：Yours sincerely,/Yours,/ Sincerely yours,/ Sincerely, (缺逗号，扣分) Sincerely, Mike, Hilda (若在一行扣 Yours sincerely （两个单词的首字母都大写扣） 若名字没写或人名XXX（或Mike/ Hilda）扣1分。 4.格式需前后一致，如全左或全右，若不符合，扣1分。 凡不符合上述正确格式或表达均要扣分。错一部分扣1分。最多扣3分。 二.内容（占2分） 本便条必须包括如下内容： 1.拒绝（1分） 2.理由（1分） 三.语言（占5分） 1．首句需用自己正确的语言表达，若完全抄提示扣1分。 2．5分中有一分是语言的得体性。语言风格与情景不一致，扣1分（如：Yours truly,Truly yours,If you consent , etc）. 只有语言较好才得分。
专八作文
Topic 6 Usually, companies would like to employ experienced applicants. For many college students，they lay their emphasis on study，and the experience gained in internship is far from enough. Do you think that companies should exclude potential applicants just because they do not have enough experienced Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic ： Should Companies Only Focus on Experience? In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument，and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content，organization，grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 范文呈现 Should Companies Only Focus on Experience? As one researcher observed，“ At present many companies do not trust new graduates ,who may have learned mountains of theories but lack practical abilities.，’ For many companies, they would like to rank working experience as top requirement in their recruitment programs. But, as a matter of fact, college students have spent years in taking compulsory courses and selective courses, how can they accumulate required experience in college? They can not help wondering whether companies should lay their emphasis on experience when recruiting college graduates. As for me, companies' focus on experience is short-sighted，and hence companies should not only lay stress on experience. Firstly, what lies behind their focus on experience is the motivation to cut expenditure in employee training. Another consideration is that experienced employees can produce immediate profits. For those employers，they are more interested in making money in the present than cultivating talents for the long-term benefits. They seem to lack long-term strategies of company development. Generally speaking, prestigious companies that have lasted for a