英语专业八级高分应试教程(校对与改错技巧指南及专项训练)【圣才出品】

第3章校对与改错技巧指南及专项训练

3.1 大纲要求

最新的考试大纲要求如下：

1．测试要求：

要求学生能运用语法、修辞、结构等语言知识识别短文内的语病并提出改正的方法。

2．题型：

本题由一篇250词左右的短文组成，短文中有10行标有题号。该10行均含有一个语误。要求学生根据“增添”、“删去”或“改变其中的某一单词或短语”三种方法中的一种，以改正语误。考试时间共计15分钟，共10题。

3.2 命题分析

通过分析历年真题，我们可以将专八短文改错的命题规律总结如下：

（1）就题材来看：以考生比较熟悉的人文、社会生活类以及专业知识类题材为主。

（2）就所考查内容来说：语法知识、词汇与搭配以及篇章结构这几个方面的知识。

专业八级考试改错部分设计的错误通常分为三大类：词法错误、句法错误和篇章错误。

（1）词法错误

◆搭配错误

搭配错误题对考生平时知识的积累要求较高，考生在平时的英语学习中应有侧重地记忆

重点词汇的惯用搭配和常见词组、短语。改错时，要保持高度警觉，一旦出现某一关键词，就要及时检查句中所用搭配是否恰当，单词是否有遗漏或多余。

这类错误的出题频率较高。考生可以从以下几方面考虑：

a. 习语或固定搭配中的介词错误。

例如：take pride for →take pride in；abide to →abide by；persist on →persist in 等。

b. 习语或固定搭配中的冠词错误。

主要表现为：该用冠词时遗漏；不该用冠词时赘用；the与a／an误用；a与an混用。

例如：tell truth →tell the truth

give a rise to →give rise to

in the contrast →in contrast

all of the sudden →all of a sudden

keep a pace with →keep pace with等。

c. 习语或固定搭配中的名词单复数或可数不可数形式误用。

例如：take turn → take turns

lay a stress on →lay stress on

make friend with →make friends with

keep／break one’s words →keep／break one’s word

take measure →take measur es

by leap and bound →by leaps and bounds

by mean of →by means of等。

d. 习语或固定搭配中动词的误用。

例如：make action →take action

take emphasis on →lay／place／put emphasis on等

◆易混词误用

a. 形近词误用

主要指误用拼写上容易混淆的单词，造成文章意思的混乱。

例如：adapt与adopt，personal与personnel，principal与principle，stationary 与stationery之间的误用等。

b. 近义词误用

主要指误用词义相近的单词，造成文章上下文语义不连贯。

例如：beside与except，doubt与suspect，efficient与effective, noise与voice 之间的误用等。

c. 形近义近词误用。

主要指用概念和拼写上都容易混淆的单词。这类错误比误用单纯的形近或义近词较多见，难度相对也略大.

例如：rise, arise, raise与arouse; affect与effect; historic与historical; continual 与continuous; assure, ensure, insure与sure。

这类题目就要求考生在平日的学习中注意细节，牢固掌握一些基础知识，对一些特殊词汇的用法要熟悉。

（2）句法错误

句法错误体现在单句内部时，是句子的某些成分或者句子结构出现错误。而在并列句或复合句中，错误主要是出现在单句之间，或主从句之间的联系方面。

◆主谓不一致

例如：2006年第4题

…the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabul ary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, 解析：enables→enable。因为which引导的从句的先行词是grammatical rules，其后的谓语动词形式应与先行词保持一致，故采用复数形式。

◆并列句或主从复合句结构错误

例如：2010年第3题

There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures…

◆成分残缺

例如：2008年第4题

At the time the United States split off from Britain,…

解析：缺少引导词，at the time后加when。at the time 后面是时间状语从句，应由when来引导，不可以省略。

◆成分冗余

例如：2010年第9题

…if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.

解析：副词冗余。as important去掉as。make后的宾语直接接形容词作宾语补语。

◆时态、语态错误

例如：2010年第8题

The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow,…

解析：虚拟语气错误。will改为would。由于本句后面的条件从句用了过去式，与现在事实相反，用的是虚拟语气，因此主句的时态应相应地使用过去将来时。

（3）篇章错误

◆上下文语义矛盾

例如：2010年第7题

The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.

解析：similar改为different。前文讲的是两种语言的不同，这里讲原因，是因为爱斯基摩人与英国人生活在不同的环境中。

◆衔接错误

例如：2009年第5题

With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is learnt;

解析：本句描述的是playground lore，这与前文描述的nursery lore情况完全不同，两者构成对比关系，所以用however表示转折。

3.3 应试技巧

做改错题时一定要具有一双“慧眼”。不仅考生自己要会运用一个语法点或知识点，并且要能够识别出题中错误的用法，以审查的眼光去面对每一个改错题。这就需要掌握必要的答题技巧：

1．快速浏览全文

在做题之前，应该快速通读全文，其目的是了解文章的大意。在阅读过程中我们应注意阅读的速度要快，此外阅读中如果遇到明显的错误时可标注出来，稍后修改。

2．仔细阅读文章，逐句进行分析

在了解了文章的大意之后，就应当对题目给定的有错误的行进行分析判断。判断中应以句为单位，整体进行分析，不能“只见树木不见森林”。在分析过程中难以找出某行的错误时可首先回忆改错题的几大错误类型，再对照句子分析这些可能的出题点，直至找出错误为止。在这步中我们需要注意以下几点：

①把重点放在寻找较容易辨认的语法错误上，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等等。

②如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误，易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。

③如果错行中既不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句，造成句意不通等。

④找到错误项之后，按要求形式进行改正、删去或增添，并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法、语义和逻辑上都成立。

⑤若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，继续往下做。待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解后再进行判断；

3．再次阅读全文，核实所修改的地方

考生完成首次改错后，应再次阅读修改后的短文，看看所改正的部分是否与文意相符合，

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1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案 （文字/答案校对版） 2017年改错真题 The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time. They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________ in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant in life is change, th e more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity. The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in trainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________ help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with. They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate better communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2016年改错真题 All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________ for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________ other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,