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全国医学考博英语试题

全国医学博士外语统一考试

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清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2. 试卷一 (Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

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PAPER ONE

Part 1 : Listening comprehension 30%)

Section A

Directions: In this sect ion you will hear fiftee n short con versati ons betwee n two speakers, At the

end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The questi on

will be read only on ce, After you hear the questi on, read the four possible an swers

marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best an swers and mark the letter of your choice

on the ANSWER SHEET .

Liste n to the follow ing example

You will hear

Woma n:

Man:

Questi on:

You will read:

A. She is sick.

B. She was bitte n by an ant.

C. She is hun gry.

D. She spilled her paint.

Here C is the right an swer.

Sample An swer

A B C D

let '

Now s begin with question Number 1.

A. He has no complai nts about the doctor.

B. He won 'tcompla in anything.

I feel faint. No wonder. You haven ' t had a bite all day. What' s the matter with the woma n? A. About 12 pints C. About 4 pints A. Take a holiday from work. C. Take some sleep ing pills.

B. About 3 pints D. About 7 pints B. Worry less about work. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 2.

3. 4.

C. He is in good con diti on.

D. He couldn ' t be worse.

A. She is kiddi ng.

B. She will get a raise.

C. The man will get a raise.

D. The man will get a promotion.

5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.

B. Her daughter is an exciting child.

C. She and her daughter are good friends.

D. She and her daughter do'nt always understand each other.

6. A. She hurt her uncle.

B. She hurt her ankle.

C. She has a swollen toe.

D. She needs a minor surgery.

7. A. John likes gambling.

B. John is very fond of his new boss.

C. John has ups and downs in the new company.

D. John has a promising future in the new company.

8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.

B. She will undergo some lab tests.

C. She will arrange an appointment.

D. She will get the test results.

9. A. She's an odd character.

B. She is very picky.

C. She is easy-going.

D. She likes fashions.

10. A. At a street corner.

B. In a local shop.

C. In a ward.

D. In a clinic.

11. A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.

C. Vegetables and fruits.

D. Heavy foods.

12. A. He is having a good time.

B. He very much likes his old bicycle.

C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.

D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.

13. A. It is only a cough.

B. It's a minor illness.

C. It started two weeks ago.

D. It's extremely serious.

14. A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.

B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.

C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.

D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.

15. A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.

B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.

C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.

D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.

Section B

Direction: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked

A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the

ANSWER SHEET .

Dialogue

16. A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.

B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.

C. Because he was allergic to it.

D. Because it was too expensive.

17. A. He can't play soccer any more.

B. He has a serious foot problem.

C. He needs an operation.

D. He has cancer.

18. A. A blood transfusion.

B. An allergy test.

C. A urine test.

D. A biopsy.

19. A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.

C. To see if he requires surgery.

D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.

20. A. Relieved.

B. Anxious.

C. Angry.

D. Depressed. Passage One

21. A. The cause of COPD.

B. Harmful effects of smoking.

C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.

D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.

22. A. 954.

B. 955.

C. 1909.

D. 1955.

23. A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.

C. On May 18 in San Francisco.

D. On May 25 in San Francisco.

24. A. When smoking exposure is high.

B. When smoking exposure is low.

C. When the subjects received medication.

D. When the subjects stopped smoking.

25. A. Hormone differences in men and women.

B. Genetic differences between men and women.

C. Women's active metabolic rate.

D. Women's smaller airways. Passage Two

26. A. About 90,000.

B. About 100,000.

C. Several hundreds.

D. About 5,000.

27. A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.

B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.

C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.

D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.

28. A. Distributing mosquito nets.

B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.

C. Urging people not to eat animals.

D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.

29. A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.

B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.

C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.

D. The heavy but intermittent rains.

30. A. Warni ng from NASA.

B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.

C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.

D. Satellites and global health - remote diag no sis.

Part II Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Direction: In this sect ion, all the sen ten ces are in complete. Four words or phrases, marked A B

C and

D .are give n ben eath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase

that best completes the sentence. The n mark your an swer on t ANSWER SHEET. 31. A good night's sleep is believed to help slow the stomach's emptying, produce a smoother,

less abrupt absorptio n of sugar, and will better _________ brain metabolism.

A. regulate

B. activate

C. reta in

D. con solidate

32. The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a

that I could n'tget to sleep.

A. catastrophe

B. boycott

C. turmoil

D. men tality

33. Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese,

in cigarette smokers, and in those ________ to prolon ged emoti onal and men tal strai n.

A. sympathetic

B. ascribed

C. preferable

D. subjected

34. Most colds are acquired by children in school and then __________ to adults.

A. conv eyed

B. tran smitted

C. attributed

D. relayed

35. Several of the most populous nations in the world _______ at the lower end of the table of

real GDP per capita last year.

A. fluctuated

B. la nguished

C. retarded

D. vibrated

36. Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical ______ , even though the concept has

bee n around since 1900s.

A. trials

B. applicati ons

C. implicatio ns

D. en deavors

37. Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiati on for a long time may weake n the immune

system, _______ aging, and cause can cer.

A. halt

B. postp one

C. retard

D. accelerate

38. The mayor can didate's pers on ality traits, being modest and gen erous, ____ people in his

favor before the elect ion.

A. predisposed

B. presumed

C. presided

D. pressured

39. With its graceful moveme nts and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong _______

to a vast multitude of people.

A. flavor

B. thrill

C. appeal

D. implicatio n

40. If you are catching a train, it is always better to be ________ early than even a fraction of a

mi nute too late.

A. i nfin itely

B. temporarily

C. comfortably

D. favorably

Section B

Directions: Each of the following sentenceshas a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases ben eath each senten ce, Choose the word or phrase which can best keep

the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark

your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .

41. All Nobel Prize winners' successis a process of Iong-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts

are indispensable.

A. irresistible

B. cherished

C. i nseparable

D. requisite

42. The Queen's prese nee imparted an air of elega nee to thedrinks receptio n at Buck in gham

Palace in London.

A. bestowed

B. exhibited

C. imposed

D. emitted

43. Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifestin growing childrenin the form of

men tai and physical retardati on.

A. inten sified

B. appare nt

C. represe ntative

D. in sidious

44. The mecha nism that the eye can accommodate itself to differe nt dista nces has bee n applied

to automatic camera, which marks a revoluti onary tech nique adva nee.

A. yield

B. amplify

C. adapt

D. cast

45. Differe nces among believers are com mon; however, it was the pressure of religious persecutio

n that exacerbated their con flicts and created the split of the union.

A. eradicated

B. deteriorated

C. vanq uished

D. averted

46. When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the orig inal compositi on

by painting over it on canvases.

A. duplicate

B. elimi nate

C. substitute

D. compile

47. For the sake of ani mal protect ion, en viro nmen talists deplored the con struct ion program of a

nu clear power statio n.

A. disapproved

B. despised

C. demolished

D. decomposed

48. Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.

A. loyalty

B. morality

C. quality

D. stability

49. The patie nt compla ined that his doctor had been neglige nt in not giving him a full exam in ati on.

A. prude nt

B. arde nt

C. careless

D. brutal

50. She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.

A. fury

B. chaos

C. despair

D. agony

Part III Cloze (10%)

Directions: In this sect ion there is a passage with ten nu mbered bla nks. For each bla nk, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best an swer

and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .

For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer 's, __52__ in the

mice that acted as test subjects.

It's been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It 's thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I 'd rather wait until it 's proven before giving up

that part of my daily life.

But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.

According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer 's Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer 's.

Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains ”__55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer 's. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months. ”The

lucky things.

__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.

Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don 't actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it 's hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer 's disease.

Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer 's means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it 's sure there are negative as well as this one positive.

51. A. devices

B. risks

C. phenomena

D. claims

52. A. at least

B. at most

C. as if

D. as well

53. A. blocking

B. cooking

C. exhausting

D. cooling

54. A. Except

B. Even

C. Despite

D. Besides

55. A. until

B. when

C. as

D. unless

56. A. range

B. continuum

C. spectrum

D. field

57. A. Reasonably

B. Consequently

C. Amazingly

D. Undoubtedly

58. A. identical

B. beneficial

C. preferable

D. susceptible

59. A. effort

B. method

C. hunt

D. account

60. A. do affect

B. did affect

C. is affecting

D. could have affected

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the

best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .

Passage one

I have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with

fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.

Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are

made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to

human misery on a tremendous scale.

Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.

One-fifth of the world 's surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of

children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.

To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?

This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.

What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.

It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.

There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.

61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ______ .

A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing world

B. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.

C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.

D. the human misery behind them.

62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,

■

A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.

B. could have been even exaggerated.

C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.

D. is prevailing across the world.

63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools of their

trade, they should _____________ .

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2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.

全国医学考博英语试题.doc

2017年上海交通大学考博英语试题回忆

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General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein

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2003 part II 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的 32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A.promised https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ec4422077.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于 C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的 D.converted 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio. A.accomplishment a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件 C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人 D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer. A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者 B.under consideration在考虑之中 C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有 D.at stake危如累卵, 危险 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.diet C.tasteful D.edible edible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately. A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers. A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的 D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.