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四川大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析

四川大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

参考答案与解析

Part ⅠListening Comprehension

(略)

Part ⅡVocabulary and Structures

Section A

16．【答案】B

【解析】本题空格处是说现代民主的本质。B项的essence“本质”符合题意。其他三项loop“循环”；equivalent“等价物”；velocity“速度，速率”都不正确。

17．【答案】D

【解析】本题中，credible的意思是“可信的，可靠的”；undeniable的意思是“不可否认的”；dynamic的意思是“动态的”；tangible的意思是“可触摸的，有形的，切实的”。四个选项中，只有D项符合题意。

18．【答案】C

【解析】本题中，dissection的意思是“剖析”；casualty的意思是“伤亡”；criteria 的意思是“标准”；necessity的意思是“必需品”。只有C项符合题意。

19．【答案】A

【解析】本题空格处是说蒙古人和他们亚洲祖先的遗产。A项的legacy“遗产(祖先、前人或过去传下来的某种东西)”符合题意。其他三项bequest“遗产，遗赠”；converse“相反的事物”；miracle“奇迹”都不正确。

20．【答案】D

【解析】本题中，D项的plausible“似乎有理的”符合题意，如：a plausible excuse(看似有理的借口)。其他三项stable“稳定的”；absolute“绝对的”；immortal“不朽的”都不正确。

21．【答案】B

【解析】本题空格处是说发现了令人信服的证据。B项的compelling“强制性的，令人信服的，引人注目的”符合题意，如：compelling ambition and egotism(令人信服的志气和自负)。其他三项incessant“不断的，不停的”；identical“同一的”；problematic“有疑问的”都不正确。

22．【答案】C

【解析】本题空格处是说迅速分散，遍布全球。C项的disperse“分散，疏散”符合题意，如：A group of children dispersed．一群孩子散开了。其他三项unify“统一”；fragment“碎片”；shatter“碎片”都不正确。

23．【答案】C

【解析】本题空格处是说表达对野蛮行为的愤怒。C项的outrage“愤怒”符合题意。其他三项aggression“进攻，侵略”；extenuation“减轻罪孽的借口”；suppression“镇压，抑制”都不正确。

24．【答案】A

【解析】本题空格处是说居民们每天都在推动大城市向前发展。A项的propel“推动，驱使”符合题意，如：a person propelled by ambition(受野心驱策的人)。其他三项penetrate“穿透，渗透”；baffle“为难”；harness“利用(河流、瀑布等)产生动力”都不正确。

25．【答案】A

【解析】本题中，A项的colossal“巨大的，庞大的”符合题意，如：a colossal monument (巨大的纪念碑)。其他三项audacious“大胆的，鲁莽的”；ambient“周围的”；autonomous “自治的”都不正确。

Section B

26．【答案】A应改为too long a。

27．【答案】C应改为got。

28．【答案】A应改为were to come，一般将来时虚拟语气中，be动词用were。

29．【答案】D应改为the less，the more…the less…是固定用法。

30．【答案】D应改为hard，hardly的意思是“几乎不”。

31．【答案】C应改为which，定语从句单列，修饰前面整句话，这时是非限制性定语从句，应用which引导。

32．【答案】C应改为do their expenses，与前面的联系起来，表示“……也……”。

33．【答案】D应改为as，the same as固定搭配。

34．【答案】A应改为constantly，因为修饰repeated，应用副词形式。

35．【答案】C应改为gather，整个句子都为现在时态。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension

Passage One

36．【答案】D

【解析】本题中，A、B、C三项都与文章的意思不符。从文中的第一句话“Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large．”可知，公司要发展必须依靠大众的投资。因此正确答案为D。

37．【答案】B

【解析】从文中第一段第五句“They do this…Exchange．”可知，公司通过在股票交易所上市来集资。因此B项“使公司继续经营的钱是通过卖公司的股份来收集的”为正确答案。

38．【答案】C

【解析】本题第一段最后两句“When the saver needs his money back，he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it．Instead，he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money．”从中可知，个人若想收回资金，只能将股票放回到市场上进行再交易，因此C项为正确答案。

39．【答案】A

【解析】本题中，B项与第二段的最后一句话的意思不符；C项与第二段的第三句话的意思不符；D项明显不对。从第二段的第一句“Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities．”可知，许多重要的公共服务都是由国家或地方政府提供的，因此A项为正确答案。

40．【答案】C

【解析】从本文第二段的最后一句话和第三段的最后一句话可知，股票交易市场使得政府、地方当局以及国有企业能够集资，以便资助新的发展。因此C 项为正确答案。

Passage Two

41．【答案】D

【解析】本题可参照第一段。从中可知，对亨利的评价是“公正、富有同情心”等，据此可知他的统治相对于理查德来说更好一些。因此D项为正确答案。

42．【答案】C

【解析】本题可参照第二段最后一句“And they might have succeeded had not one of their own members betrayed them．”据此可知，C项为正确答案。

43．【答案】D

【解析】本题可参照文中第三段的“they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London”，从中可知D项为正确答案。

44．【答案】A

【解析】本题可参照第一段的“there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign，and who had lost some of their power and prestige from the coming of the new king．”从中可知，A项为正确答案。

45．【答案】B

【解析】本题中，A、C两项与文章的意思相反；D项在文中未被提及。从文中可知，贵族在理查德时代享有特权与权力，可推知当时是非常腐败的。因此B项为正确答案。

Passage Three

46．【答案】D

【解析】从文中第一段第四句话“The dime novel…and publisher…”可知，D 项为正确答案。

47．【答案】B

【解析】本题可参照第一段第四句“themes that were found to be popular and attitudes that met with the most general approval became stereotyped．”从中可知B 项为正确答案。

48．【答案】A

【解析】本题可参照第一段的最后一句“a literature written for the great masses of people and actually read by them．”从中可知A项为正确答案。

49．【答案】C

【解析】本题可参照第二段的第一句“Although a study of our dime novels alone cannot enable anyone to determine what are the essential characteristics of the

American tradition，it can contribute materially to that end．”从中可知C项为正确答案。

50．【答案】C

【解析】本题中，A、D两项明显不对；B项在文中已明确指出，因此不对。从文章第二段“the industrious researchers who…to these novels and all their kind”可推出，单纯研究正式的文学资料对于研究历史来说是不够的，因此C项为正确答案。

Passage Four

51．【答案】D

【解析】从文中的第二段第三句话“Therefore，by doing so…”可知作者并不相信领导者需言行一致，因此正确答案为D。

52．【答案】A

【解析】从文中第一段的第一、二句话“but as the first…and the man”可知，prince是一个泛指，指领导者或统治者，而非狭义的王子或贵族。因此A项为正确答案。

53．【答案】B

【解析】从文中第一段第一句话和第二段第一句话可知，狮子代表依靠力量的人。因此B 项为正确答案。

54．【答案】A

【解析】从文中第二段倒数的两句话“those that have…this character well…”可知，对狐狸的评价是肯定的。因此A项为正确答案。

55．【答案】B

【解析】本题中，A、C、D三项都不是作者的观点。文章最后写到“to be a great feigner and dissembler”，从中可知，作者认为一个成功的领导者应该善于欺骗和撒谎。因此B项为正确答案。

Passage Five

56．【答案】B

【解析】本题可参照文章的第一段。从中可知，这种新出现的广告内容是关于找工作前的简历包装等的服务，因此B项为正确答案。

57．【答案】C

【解析】从文章第二段第二句话“The growth and…of unemployment．”可知，C项为正确答案。

58．【答案】D

【解析】本题可参照第三段中间的“everyt hing else could and should be saved for the interview”，从中可知D项为正确答案。

59．【答案】A

【解析】从文章第四段第一、二句话“Later, as you…from the rest．”可知，A 项为正确答案。

60．【答案】B

【解析】从文中最后一段的“There is no doubt,…of the curriculum vitae”可知，因为有大学学历的求职者太多了，竞争激烈，所以要在简历上下更多功夫，因此B项为正确答案。

Part ⅣTranslation

Section A

【参考译文】

科学研究的方法其实就是人类思维运作的必要模式的表现：这种模式就是通过它来推理、论证所有的现象并给出精确的解释。用普通的天平称货物的面包师与用精密天平的化学家在操作与方法上的不同之处并不是面包师的天平与化学家的天平在构造上和工作原理上的不同，而只是后者是比前者精密得多的仪器，当然也能得出比前者更准确的结果。

可能我们这儿没有一个人在一天的过程中没有机会作一项复杂的推理，尽管这种过程与科学家们探索自然现象的原因所经历的过程有着程度上的差异，但最终还是一样的。

Section B

【参考译文】

1．Lotus comes out of ooze, yet keeps stainless. If it were planted on dry land for fear that it would be stained by sullage, it would have faded.It holds the same argument for life. Avoiding evil, ugliness, and wickedness can only prove a fragile

soul of one's own.

2．All of us must adhere at any time to the consistency of the respect to the law of social development and the dominant status of people in history, the struggle for the lofty ideal and pursuit of the masses' interest, the fulfillment of the tasks of the Party and the realization of people's interests.

3．The economic system of U.S.A．is mainly set up centering on the private enterprises and market orientation. In such kind of economic system, consumers can to a large extent determine what the manufacturers should produce by the purchase of the goods and facilities they need most on the market.

4．Some new conflicts appear during the accelerating process of economic development, especially that the investment scale is too large; people invest blindly in some industries and areas; the problem of low-level duplicated construction is very serious; and the relationship between the supply and demand of resources, traffic and some raw materials is very intense.

5．Reviewing the passed year, we sober-mindedly realize that there are lots of difficulties and problems in the development process, and lots of flaws in the administration of the government.The masses are still discontented with some aspects, and it will take a long time to fundamentally solve the deep-rooted conflicts accumulated for years.

Part ⅤWriting

【参考范文】

University: Where Will You Go?

Since the year 1999, a lot of problems have been emerging going with Chinese universities increasing their enrollment. For instance, universities are becoming more career-oriented than ever before.More professional education courses have been added into the curricula and many lectures have been held to enrich the students' interview skills. It seems that the students will have a brilliant future. However, the fact is that the administrative proficiency in dealing with students' affairs has declined and the employment of graduates has become more and more difficult.

Apart from the statements above, in my opinion, we'll confront more problems if

all universities become career-training centers.Universities are places in which students learn traditional and modern civilizations of our country. Our country has a civilization of more than five thousand years, which is an envy of people all over the world. And modern civilization has brought about fundamental changes to the world. Students should be familiar with both of the two kinds of civilization.But if universities became career-training centers and neglected their duties of spreading civilization, what would happen? Besides, as we all know, science and technology have become the first productive forces. In order to develop our country, we have to pay much attention to scientific study. There are a lot of important scientific studies that are carried out in universities.However, if universities all became a career-oriented place, students certainly will be in defect of some fundamental knowledge about scientific study. In such situations, how can we continue carrying out the researches and experiments?

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that universities should not pay too much attention to career education, they should also attach importance to other education. Only in this way can universities become more successful and our country become more prosperous.

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