上海市徐汇区2021届高三上学期学习能力诊断(一模)英语试题
上海市徐汇区2021届高三上学期学习能力诊断（一模）英语试题
2021学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷
高三英语试卷
2021.1
I、听力（略）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
SectionA Directions：After reading the passages below， fill in the
blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Residents of southern California are trying to get used to skyrocketing prices for gasoline. The average price for 87 octane economy gas is $2.22, almost 30 percent higher today than it was 12 months ago. The(25) (low) gas price in the Southland right now is $2.09 a gallon at the Seashell station in Arcadia. The station manager, Everett, said the reason his gas is cheaper than elsewhere is (26) he bought a lot of gas two years ago at(27) (reduce) prices, so he is passing his savings on to his customers.
The lines at the Seashell station often run 10 to 20 vehicles long. The police have been here several times (28) cars block traffic on
Horsetrail Drive. Everett said, “I tell people in line that the Barco station a block away is only $2.14, (29) they’d rather wait and save 5 cents.
It’s OK with me, of course. I don’t mind (30) (make) money.”
A young man pumping gas was said(31) (wait) in line for 20 minutes. When asked why he didn’t go a block away where there were no lines, he said, “Every penny counts. When I bought this ’99 Bummer, gas was only $1 a gallon, which was pretty cheap. So, (32) I only get eight miles per gallon, I wasn’t paying that much to fill my tank. But today’s prices are killing me.
I drive to work, and I drive to the grocery store. That’s it. I used to drive around the neighborhood just to show off my wheels, but I(33) never do
that any more.” (B)
People joke that no one in Los Angeles reads; everyone watches TV, rents videos, or goes to the movies. The most popular reading material is comic
books, movie magazines, and TV guides. City libraries have only 10
percent of the traffic (34) car washes have. But how do you ex-plain
this? An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is\
This outdoor festival, sponsored by(35) newspaper, occurs every April
for one weekend. This year's attendance(36) (estimate)at 70,000 on Saturday and 75,000 on Sunday. (34)The festival featured 280
exhibitors. There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an audience question-and-answer period(37) (follow) each talk. Autograph seekers (38) (seek)out more than 150 authors. A food court sold all kinds of
popular and ethnic foods, from American hamburgers to Hawaiian shave ice
drinks. (39) a $ 7 parking fee, the festival was free. Even so, some people avoided the food court prices by sneaking in their own sandwiches and drinks.
People came from all over California. One couple drove down from San
Francisco. “This is their sixth year here now. We love it.” said the husband.
“It is just fantastic to be in the great outdoors, to be among so many books
and authors, and to get some very good deals, too.”
The idea for the festival occurred years ago, but nobody knew it
would succeed. Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities, would Los Angeles residents embrace one? (35)One of the
festival founders said that it all depends as angelinos are very
unpredictable.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.
Echa word can be only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A .observers B .customs C. isolated D. occasionally E. rejected F. intentionally G. preferring H. although I. distinctive J .hooks K.
other Primarily a farming community, the Amish was attracted to the fertile farmlands in the eastern United States. The largest concentration of Amish
today is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and (41) important groups are in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada.
The Amish are best known for their simple way of life. They are easily recognized by their (42) Clothing. The men wear wide-brimmed black hats, collarless black coats, and black trousers. These homemade clothes are
fastened with (43) and eyes instead of with buttons or zippers. Those who are strict (44) of Amish customs do not wear neckties or belts. In fact, anything which is considered to be a part of modern, worldly life is
(45) .the men have beards but ni mustaches. Their long hair is parted
in the middle and drawn back over their ears.
The women’s clothing is black, (46) they wear white prayer caps. They wear hats and long, high-necked dresses, long black coats, and black
shoes and stockings. They wear their hair parted in the middle and tied behind in a bun. An Amish woman wears no jewelry of any kind.
The Amish have (47) separated themselves from the modern
technological world. They prefer to live according to the (48) of their
17th century European ancestors. Often called the Plain People, the Amish live in simple homes without mirrors, pictures, curtains and carpets. Somehow they manage to get along without radios, telephones, and electric lights. They do
not own cars, (49) to travel by horse. The Amish are excellent farmers, yet they refused to buy tractors or other modern farm machinery. They work the land with horse-drawn plows.
Because the Amish are largely self-sufficient and fairly (50) from other communities, they have resisted social change.
III Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: for each blank in the following passage there are four words
or phrases marked a,b,c and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly (51) to the area of North and South America. However, it
presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures (52) +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade (摄氏). There is no air, and no water.
Today there are (53) scientific speculation (思索) about living on
the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not (54) .
But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary (55) . These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and systems necessary to(56) life brought by the colonizers themselves. Finally, colonies that are ecologically and (57) self-supporting will be established.
The principal job of the early settlers will be to stay (58) . They will have to bulid shelters to (59) an atmosphere like that of earth. They will have to plant crops under huge domes to produce food and (60) and
find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial development and to make discoveries important to science.
The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it (61)
for certain kinds of manufacturing. Operations that require a vacuum or extreme cold, are an(62) .
Precision ball bearing, industrial diamonds, or certain medicines might be produced on the moon.
The most immediate interest in the moon, however, is a scientific one, Geologists can explore the history and composition of the(63) . Meteorologists will have opportunities to forecast weather on earth. Cosmologists can study the origin of the solar system, Astronomers(天文学家) can use their optical telescopes and radio telescopes(64) of atmospheric and man-made distortions. And perhaps at some distant date the moon can serve as a base from which space explorers can travel to other planets in the earth’s solar system and to worlds(65) . 51. A superior B.essential C.equal D.fertile 52. A range
53. A sociable 54.A determined 55.A monuments 56.A sacrifice 57.A economically 58.A.active 59.A.mention 60.A.mineral 61.A.ideal
62.A.explanation 63.A.earth 64.A.full
65.A.beyond
B.restore B. inevitable B.occupied B.shelters B.support B.sociably
B.attractive B.motivate B.oxygen https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e216155495.html,plicated B.excursion B.star B.conscious B.highly
C.sort
C.mysterious C.initiated C.rockets C.spare
C.imaginarily C.alive C.maintain C. protein C .difficult C. executive
C.satellite https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e216155495.html,ck C .else
D.rise
D.considerable D. resembled D..houses D.risk
D.enthusiastically D.ambitious D.monitor D.medicine D.expensive D.example D.planet D.free D.ahead
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several quesitons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its distinction and superiority to the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. As American , the writer has distributed Europe; as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European Counterpart.
In the nineteenth century some immigrants came in order to avoid military service in their homeland. But even so, the snowballing process had for most Americans a deep, almost legendary significance.
In the legends, Europe was associated with the Past, with British red-coats at Concord, absentee landlords(不在的地主)，dynastic pride, hunger, poverty, oppression. America, by contrast, was the future: plenty, prosperity,
freedom. For much of its history America has been a busy, restless land, more interested in innovation than in conservation(保守). Its people have been
highly optimistic, setting great store by the ability of the individual to overcome obstacles. The individual has had a right to expect success. Optimism and pessimism mix unusuallyin American writing;Mark Twain is an obvious example. Or, the individual tends to set himself up in a dramatic relationship to society.
Yet although American literature has revealed certain fairly permanent trends, it has not been a still affair. Its tone has changed from decade to decade.
66. What does the underlined phrase “the parent cultures” refer to?
A. Culture of parents
B. Culture of Europe
C. Culture of Britain
D. Culture of America
67. What is the American writer’s attitude towards Europe?
A. He hates Europe for its conversation, poverty and permission.
B. He has no trust in Europe and is also jealous of its riches.
C. He envies that all
the Europeans are much richer. D. He believes that America is looked down upon.
68. What is the main characteristic of the American writing?
A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.
B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.
C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.
D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade. 69. The main idea of this passage is about _____.
A. a double consciousness in American literature.
B. the European cultur e’s contribution to America literature.
C. optimism and pessimism in America writing
D. Americans can always overcome obstacles.
（B）
As rules, laws are people’s rights and responsibilities toward society. Laws are agreed on by society and made official by governments.
Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance. Laws seem to limit people’s freedom to do many things they would like to do. Though laws may prvent us from doing things we wish to do at the moment, laws make everyon e’s life safer and more pleasant. Without laws we could not hold on to our property; we could not go to bed at night expecting to wake up in the morning and find that we had not been robbed; no stores in which we buy food, clothes, and other necessities could stay open and sell to us. Our banks would not be safe places to keep our money.
Social life would be impossible without laws to control the way people treat one another. It is not the laws that should be feared but the trouble that comes to everyone when laws are broken. Once this is understood, a
citizen will not fear or hate the law. Understanding the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws is the first requirement of good citizenship and government.
Philosophers once believed that in prehistoric time people lived without laws in a “state of nature”. People were free to do as they pleased unless someone stronger stopped them by force. As a result, life became so dangerous and unsafe that leaders had to create laws to protect life and property.
This is no longer believed to be true. Scholars now think that as soon as people began living in small groups, they worked out rules for getting along with one other. In time everyone accepted and supported the rules. Manners, customs and beliefs controlled the living habits and behavior of the group. Such rules and habits of life are called folkways.
Folkways are probably the real meaning of human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education. As life became more complex, folkways became more complete guides to living. After thousands of years, some of the important folkways were put into writing as the earlier laws. And as life grew more and more complicated with faster transportation and the rise of modern industry and big cities, more human acts and interests had to be ruled by law. This led to a great increase in the number of laws.
But we know that unless laws are enforced, they cannot protect us. Poorly enforced laws invite crime and violence. So we agree that the best protection against crime is planned social change and law reform -- to reduce the causes of crime and to encourage people to obey the laws. Such a solution would join a sound system of law enforcement with forces working to prevent crime. To attain this goal, all citizens must understand the need for good laws and for their enforcement.
70. Some persons look on laws with fear, hatred, or annoyance,
because_____. A. laws and rules are too complicated to understand B. they can’t do w hatever they want to
C. laws only protect those who worked out them
D. they feel it unnecessary to have laws
71. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?
A. Without laws we may fail to hold on to our property
B. Good citizens and government should be aware of the need for good laws and the evil results of breaking laws
C. In prehistoric time people lived happily without laws in a “state of nature”.
D. Human laws, as well as of religion, morals, and education, are believed to originate from Folkways.
72.A sound system of law enforcement is necessary because_____.
A. some citizens fear or hate the law.
B. the evil results of breaking laws are getting fewer and fewer .
C. we need someone stronger to stop crime by force.
D. poorly enforced laws cause crime and violence.
73.What is the main characteristic of the American writing?
A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.
B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.
C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.
D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade. 74. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. The Origin of Laws
B. Enforcement of Laws
C. Leaders and Laws
D. Laws and rules.
(C)
The contention that the spirit of adventure no longer has any scope for its enterprises seems, at first glance, depressingly true. The highest mountains have been scaled; the deepest seas plumbed. Maps today no longer contain huge blanks marked “Unknown Territory”, more do they make random guesses at the shapes of distant land-masses. All major journeys of exploration to determine the true shape and nature of he globe have been made in the past. It was left to us to fill in the details with expeditions which once would have been considered impossible. The gaps have been filled. What next?
The obvious answer, of course, is that now looking upwards into space. Discoveries are being made at such a tremendous rate that even authors of science-fiction are finding it difficult to keep up with them and have to tax their imagination to invent bigger and better space-craft. Satellites sending signals as they swing round our globe
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