希腊罗马神话 英文

Ancient Greek mythology and Roman mythology Greek mythology and Roman mythology are two major mythologies of Europe. These two myths constitute a series of colorful Ancient European culture, and also they had significant impact on the ancient and modern European countries as well as the lives of people around the world. However, many people are confused about these two myth systems. The main reason is because Roman mythology integrated Greek mythology into their myths, it can be said that the Roman mythology is the inheritance of Greek mythology. But if you compare the world constitution, Gods and God, The Legend of Heroes, and influence on the European culture of them, you will find the difference between the two.

1.World constitution in the mythology

In Greek mythologies, the world exists in an oval-shaped universe. It is divided into five parts. The five parts include the earth on which human live, Mysterious and unknown sea, the dark underworld at end of the sea, the heaven on the Mount Olympus in which the gods inhabit, the seabed buried a Giant. Heaven, the sea and Underworld are supervised by Olympus, Poseidon and Hades separately. The management of land belongs to the three main Gods of the universe. The Giants will always be buried under the earth.

The old theogony of Greek mythology recorded the origin of the world. The oldest god of the initial universe is the Ka Esi (Chaos), Then Ka Esi give birth to Gaea (the earth) and Eros (Love) and Tartarus (the abyss or hell). Then Erevus (dark) and Nike Te (night) occurred at the bottom of the earth, the combination of them was the "bright" (Light) and "daylight" (day). Gaea gives birth to Ouranos (the sky) and Oceanus (ocean). Gaia with her son Ouranos gave birth to the twelve Titans. They are the ancestors of Gods. From the above, we can see the direction of the world formation in Greek mythology: the beginning of the world is chaos and darkness, light and love finally break the darkness. In Greek mythology the origin of the world is full of romance. They make nature and thinking anthropomorphic. What they want

to express is bright and beauty.

There is no mythology about the world constitution and the legend of the origin in the Roman mythology. Antil the late Roman Republic, Roman poetry began to imitate the Greek mythology and write their myth. In ancient Rome, some local legends were also popular, but they were often related with the ancient history of Rome and Greek hero legend, such as the legend of the Trojan War. The most famous of these legends is Aeneas extravagated to the Italy from the sea and Romulo brothers’ establishment of the city of Rome. Both of them were widely spread and also they profoundly influenced Roman literature.

2.Gods and god in the mythology

Gods is the dominant family in the myth, the rise and fall and social status of the Protoss determines the creativity, scalability and reality of mythologies. In Greek mythology, we can view the Gods from relationship between the main Protoss and Protoss, power and status of the Lord God.

The Gods mainly mentioned in Greek mythology is the Titans and Olympus Protoss. The relationship of the Titan Protoss and Olympus Protoss can be simply regared as the relationship between the two generations of God. At the beginning of the formation of the world, "the sky" Uranus gave birth to the leaderof the Titan Protoss, Cronus. Under the leadship of Cronus, the first generation of the Protoss came into being. With the help of the "Earth" Gaea, Cronus killed Uranus, but Uranus predicted that Cronus will be killed by his son. Eventually Cronus was killed by his son Zeus. Zeus was the leader of the second generation of Protoss - Olympus Protoss. Most of the Titan Protoss were buried in the ground by Olympus Protoss. Only a few of them escaped from it, such as Prometheus, Thetis and the Eos. It can be said that the relationship of these two factions of Greek Protoss are vertically successive relationships. It is just like new forces replaced the old forces, and absorb the essence of the old forces, and consolidate its new, unique rule.

The Lord God in Greek mythology is the ‘father of the gods’ Zeus. He is an

Almighty God, father of man and God. Everything in the universe should obey his will. He was holding a thunderbolt and he had infinite power and wisdom. The existence of Zeus is the existence of an absolute authority.

In Greek mythology, God is given human appearance, human nature, even human social relations. They not only have the Elegance of human but also the emotions. They know human feeling, good and evil. they plan to participate in the activities. Gods in Greek mythology have their distinctively characters, without asceticism and mysticism. The basic difference between God and human is that God is powerful, often immortally, leisurely. Each of them has special skill and tremendous power. Their attitude can determine the destiny of humankind. The ancient Greeks worship Gods, but they did not endow the gods with exorbitant nobility. Instead, they viewed the gods as moral model.

The Gods of Rome can be divided into two categories. The first category is the original gods of Rome, the second one is Gods introduced in a particular period in Roman history. Original gods begin to have their own priests at a very early time. They had a fixed day for celebration. This type of God in addition to the 30 main Gods, there was a special group of Gods, these God scan be called assistant gods of the Lord God. They had their own special tasks. This showed the everyday needs of the Roman society. For example, Janus and Vesta guarded doors and stoves.

These early Gods had no personality, no human appearance. They also had no personal experience of marriage or children. What they impacted was not the lives of ordinary people and morality, but the wild life and personal family.

Under the influence of the Etruscans and Greeks, the Romans began to endow the Gods with human appearance. From then on, roman mythology began to be mixed with Greek mythology. In this confused process, the Roman Gods had undergone great changes. Some gods’scope rapidly expand, such as Minerva, she was not only a craft goddess, she also became a symbol of wisdom, patron saint of doctors, sculptors, musicians, poets; some Gods’ status grew fastly, such as Aphrodite. Roman combined Greek mythology with their own mythology, we can say that roman

mythology is the inheritance of Greek mythology with its own characteristics: It made some adjustments about the fuction of the gods according to the Roman political, economic needs. For instance, Ares originally was a god who liked to stir up troubles, but in Rome, the Mars suddenly rose to become the patron saint of all the soldiers.

Roman mythology also absorbed nutrition from the Eastern religions, such as reproductive goddess in Egyptian mythology, Isis; Mithra, Persian god of light, Saba God of ancient Phrygia, and Syriaa Tajia God had spread to Rome. They were loved by many people. With the expansion and consolidation of the Roman forces, the state had taken measures to rectify the gods set. They unified those scattered gods into Jupiter, Juno and Minerva three God.

3.The legends of heroes

Heroes in Greek mythology is the world-famous, heroes such as Odysseus, Jason，they were almost known to every family. In general, the Greek Heroes includes three systems: war, adventure and culture. Adventurous heroes are the most important one. Argoexpedition, the Odyssey and the fate of Hercules are describing the adventures of the heroes, in which description of the Argo expedition is the most magnificent. The heroes of Greek mythology were yearning to go out to explore, conquer, and open up a new world and to make contributions. In the process of adventure, the heroes sometimes are impulse by their own subjective wishes, sometimes they are manipulated by the gods in the background. This kind of mythology reflects that though ancient Greek encouraged people to be innovative, they confined people to the authoritarian frame. In short, the Greek Heroes focus on the individual heroism. They performed in their own way, even if participation in the war mostly for their own honor, such as the battle of Troy, Achilles.

Heroes in Roman mythology, individualism had become weaker. The image of the hero was with political color. All of them were patriotic. In their eyes, the national interest was important than anything else, but they were very rational. They closed

to reality rather than Superman. Therefore, the heroes of Greek mythology were closer to the real side of human nature.

4.The influence on European culture

The splendid culture of ancient Greece is an indelible gem in the world. Greek mythology influenced on the world culture deeply. The philosophy of Greek people enlightened the reform of the medieval people. The spirit of adventure led people to find new roads. Its legacy of Greek literature played an irreplaceable role to the world culture, especially for pushing forward the Italian Renaissance began in the Middle Ages. Ancient Greek culture was recognized as the source of Western culture.

Roman mythology also deeply impacted on European culture. Heaven constellation originally named after the Greek mythological figures and gods. The Roman culture reflected in Roman mythology had a profound impact on medieval European continent, Asia and Africa. After the Renaissance, the role it played became greater.

Therefore, people often mention Roman mythology and Greek mythology at the same time. They seem similarly, but in reality they are very different. However, both of them ve made a great contribution to world culture.

源于希腊神话的英文单词

精心整理西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic)文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greekmythology)对英语影响非常广泛。表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了 还是Cupid,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。 所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的;cupidity贪心,贪婪。 中国是matchmaker媒婆 10、Hygeia:希腊健康女神,其形象为年轻女子,身着白色长衣(白大褂),头戴祭司冠,用饭碗喂着一条蛇。衍生词:hygiene（n卫生学）。 11、Morpheus:希腊神话中的梦神。梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子,掌管人们的梦境。衍生词:morphine(吗啡),marijuana(大麻),两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉镇 定的作用。 12．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体

13．Zeus主神宙斯 14．Pluto冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”财富”;eg:plutocracy财阀统治；plutolatry拜金主义pluto冥王星 15．Styx环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河;styxstygian冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的16．Lethe忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘 lethargic昏昏欲睡的<>stimulate 冥界三河：Styx冥河/Lethe忘川河/Meader河 abyss地狱深渊 abysmal深的。深渊的 17．Poseidon海洋之神，海王 eristic争 )siren , ) Chimerical空想的，幻想中的；异想天开的，不可能的 31．Iris（为诸神报信的）彩虹女神 iridescent彩虹色的，灿烂光辉的 32．Zephyr西风之神；西风的拟人化用语；和风，轻风，微风；轻罗，细纱 33．Academy柏拉图学派；某个科学领域内的权威定论机构 34．Stoic斯多葛学派哲学（公元前4世纪由哲学家Zeno创立于雅典）；禁欲主义35．Peripateticism逍遥学派(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在学园内漫步讲学而得此名) peripatetic逍遥学派的,走来走去的 二源于希腊神话的英语习语 1、Pandora’sbox(潘朵拉的盒子):普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火,激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus 决定惩罚人类,于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora,

希腊罗马神话之Hera简介英文版

HERA (JUNO). Hera, the eldest daughter of Cronus and Rhea, was born at Samos, or, according to some accounts, at Argos, and was reared by the sea-divinities Oceanus and Tethys, who were models of conjugal fidelity. She was the principal wife of Zeus, and, as queen of heaven, participated in the honours paid to him, but her dominion only extended over the air (the lower aerial regions). Hera appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict matronly virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married women. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctity of the marriage tie, and holds in abhorrence any violation of its obligations. So strongly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often called upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jealous, harsh, and vindictive. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, combined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she consequently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance. The following story will signally illustrate how ready she was to resent any slight offered to her. At the marriage of the sea-nymph Thetis with a mortal called Peleus, all the gods and goddesses were present, except Eris (the goddess of Discord). Indignant at not being invited, she determined to cause dissension in the assembly, and for this purpose threw into the midst of the guests a golden apple with the inscription on it "For the Fairest." Now, as all the goddesses were extremely beautiful, each claimed the apple; but at length, the rest having relinquished their pretensions, the number of candidates was reduced to three, Hera, Athene, and Aphrodite, who agreed to appeal to Paris for a settlement of this delicate question, he being noted for the wisdom he had displayed in his judgment upon several occasions. Paris was the son of Priam, king of Troy, who, ignorant of his noble birth, was at this time feeding his flocks on Mount Ida, in Phrygia. Hermes, as messenger of the gods, conducted the three rival beauties to the young shepherd, and with breathless anxiety they awaited his decision. Each fair candidate endeavoured to secure his favour by the most tempting offers. Hera promised him extensive dominions; Athene, martial fame and glory; and Aphrodite, the loveliest woman in the world. But whether he really considered Aphrodite the fairest of the three, or preferred a beautiful wife to fame and power, we cannot tell; all we know is that to her he awarded the golden apple, and she became ever after universally acknowledged as the goddess of beauty. Hera, having fully expected that Paris would give her the preference, was so indignant that she never forgave him, and not only persecuted him, but all the family of Priam, whose dreadful sufferings and misfortunes during the Trojan war were attributed to her influence. In fact, she carried her animosity to such an extent that it was often the cause of domestic disagreements between herself and Zeus, who espoused the cause of the Trojans. Among the many stories of these frequent quarrels there is one connected with Heracles, the favourite son of Zeus, which is as follows:--Hera having raised a storm at sea in order to drive him out of his course, Zeus became so angry that he hung her in the clouds by a golden chain, and attached heavy anvils to her feet. Her son Hephaestus tried to release his mother from her humiliating position, for which Zeus threw him out of heaven, and his leg was broken by the fall.

古希腊罗马神话读后感

古希腊罗马神话读后感 本文是关于读后感的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 古希腊罗马神话读后感（一） 《古希腊罗马神话故事》是一本很好看的书，也是一本很有意思的书。这本书主要讲述了很久很久以前众神的故事以及一些古希腊罗马的着名战役和引人入胜的精彩事件，既有趣又可以增长知识，对以后学历史会有非常大的帮助。 这本书中最引人注目的当然是众神录啦！众神录主要描写了所有神的来历和相关的着名故事；其次就是英雄篇，如赫拉克拉斯、帕尔修斯、伊阿宋、特修斯、俄狄浦斯……这些英雄们都很令我敬佩，他们的故事也都让人提心吊胆。 我先来讲讲赫拉克拉斯的故事吧。赫拉克拉斯因为发了疯，把自己的妻子给杀害了，他为了洗清罪孽，答应为欧律斯透斯国王做12件苦差，国王将其专门取名为赫拉克拉斯的苦差。这12件苦差件件都难如登天，第一件是扒掉墨亚狮子的毛皮；第二件工作是斩杀许德拉；第三件工作则是生擒克律涅亚山上的赤牝鹿；紧接着的第四件工作是毫发无损地为国王捕捉、蹂躏厄律曼托斯山的大野猪……过了一年又一年，赫拉克拉斯历尽千辛万苦，终于完成了这12件苦差，他也洗清了自己身上的种种罪孽。这位洗心革面的英雄终于获得了自由！ 这本书融合了西方文化的起源，告诉我一个真理——人不要过于贪婪，要时时刻刻保持谦虚和冷静。这是一本值得看的好书。

古希腊罗马神话读后感（二） 这是一本奇妙有趣的神话书，讲述了古代与自然共生的人类，将我们带回刚诞生的世界，和人·大地·花草树木·海洋·山丘息息相关的日子。 此书共有三个故事，令我感受最深的是《太阳之子法埃同》和《糊涂国王弥达斯》。让我们来听听第一个故事吧：男孩法埃同跟小伙伴说自己是太阳神的儿子，伙伴们不仅不信，还笑话他。法埃同来到了东方神殿请求父亲让自己单独驾驶太阳马车，父亲说马车不能驾的太高和太低。为了让伙伴们相信自己，法埃同冒着危险把太阳马车驶向地面。结果地面着起了大火，法埃同被迫摔向了地面。故事讲了人们为了没有意义的美好理想牺牲了生命和自由。都是虚荣心惹的祸！像法埃同一样，过分拥有虚荣心的人，老是追求一种虚假的效果，甚至弄虚作假，丧失理智。这个行为的目的仅仅在于获得荣誉和引起大家的注意，并得到周围人的赞美和羡慕。当然啦！每人多多少少都有点爱虚荣，我也一样呢！ 第二个故事也很有趣：一位叫弥达斯的国王，由于招待的酒神的养父，便可以实现一个愿望。贪心的国王说：“我要把我碰到的一切都变成金的！”这确实给国王带来了财富，可是却不能正常进食（食物都变成了金子），还无意中把女儿也变成了金人……这个故事告诉了我们，贪心的人永远都不会快乐！所以，我们不能太贪心，否则可是会惹上大麻烦的哦！ 我觉得，古希腊神话是对人类的一种期待。它告诉了我们做人的

希腊神话英语小故事：海伦

希腊神话英语小故事：海伦 Helen was the most beautiful woman of the world．She was an infamous lady．She lighted the flames of the Trojan war and brought extreme destruction on the city of Troy．Helen was the daughter of Zeus．Helen's matchless beauty and charms drew towards her many heroes from all parts of Greece. When still small she was carried off by Theseus，who wished to have a divine wife ．But she was rescued later by her brother Castor，and brought back to her native land．Her stepfather married her to Menelaus，king of Sparta． Nothing of importance had happened to her married life until Paris came to visit Sparta．Helen was attracted by Paris' lovely face．They stole one another's love in the absence of Menelausand then eloped on board a ship to Troy．Helen left her young daughter behind．To get Helen back，the Greek army sailed across and laid a long siege to the city of Troy ． Helen was quietly weaving her story into a web of golden carpet one day when she was called up the city walls of Troy to look at the fighting between Menelaus and Paris．Menelaus was determined to kill Paris in the battle．Sitting by the side of King Priam，she told the chiefs of the Greek side to him．Tears of love filled up her eyes when she saw her first husband down below．After Paris fled the field she had the feelings of love and scorn．She encouraged Hector and Paris to take the field again and sincerely mourned the death of the true hero Hector. But when Odysseus and Diomedes came in disguise to steal the Palladium，she helped them to do so as

希腊罗马神话中的英雄观 英语

外国语学院 Sy1301 20130375 张姚海岛 The above two types of heroes have something in common, but because of the different nationalities,social environment, thinking and imagination,they can not be completely consistent with each other.These differences are embodied in the following parts: 1. Different characters (1)When comes to character,Chinese heroes are absolutely otherworldly.They are the symbol of not only supreme power,but also virtue and omnipotent.The atmosphere of Chinese mythology is heavy and solemn,which filled with awareness of potential dangers and the spirit of rational reflection. (2)Greek hero has the character of human beings.Just like people,they have emotions,passions and desires.They have enjoyment,

希腊罗马神话传说

希腊罗马神话传说和《圣经》中的英语典故 1.An Apple of Discord争斗之源；不和之因；祸根 An Apple of Discord直译为“纠纷的苹果”，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事传说希腊阿耳戈英雄(Argonaut)珀琉斯(Peleus)和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯(Thetis)在珀利翁山举行婚礼，大摆宴席。他们邀请了奥林匹斯上(Olympus)的诸神参加喜筵，不知是有意还是无心，惟独没有邀请掌管争执的女神厄里斯(Eris)。这位女神恼羞成怒，决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。于是，她不请自来，并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个字。天后赫拉(Hera)，智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite)，都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得“最美者”称号。她们争执不下，闹到众神之父宙斯(Zeus)那里，但宙斯碍于难言之隐，不愿偏袒任何一方，就要她们去找特洛伊的王子帕里斯(Paris)评判。三位女神为了获得金苹果，都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处：赫拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利，雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉，阿芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之间选择了后者，便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。为此，赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯，连带也憎恨整个特洛伊人。后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言，帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯的王后---绝世美女海伦(Helen)，从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。不和女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果，不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源，而且也成为了人间2个民族之间战争的起因。因此，在英语中产生了an apple of discord这个成语，常用来比喻any subject of disagreement and contention;the root of the trouble;dispute等意这个成语最初为公元2世纪时的古罗马历史学家马克?朱里?尤斯丁(Marcus Juninus Justinus)所使用，后来广泛的流传到欧洲许多语言中去，成为了一个国际性成语。 eg: He throwing us an apple of discord,we soon quarrelled again. The dispute about inheriting estate formed an apple of discord between them. This problem seems to be an apple of discord between the Soviet union and the USA. 2.The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害 The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗Iliad里的主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。因此，the heel of Achilles,也称the Achilles' heel，常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault;the weakest spot等意思。 eg:The shortage of fortitude is his heel of Achilles. His Achilles' heel was his pride--he would get very angry if anyone criticized his work.3.Helen of Troy 3.Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"，源自源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 Helen是希腊的绝世佳人，美艳无比，嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)为妻。后来，特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希腊，在斯巴达国王那里做客，他在爱与美之神阿

希腊神话中的词汇

许多英语的成语来源于希腊神话，并且走入了人们的日常生活。如产生于特洛伊战争（the Trojan War）中的几个成语故事：apple of discord，意思是“不和的根源”。说的是不和女神艾瑞斯（Eris）在某个婚礼中投下一只金苹果，上面写着“送给最美的女神”。结果引起神后赫拉（Hera）、智慧女神雅典娜（Athene）和爱与美的女神阿芙洛狄特（Aphrodite）的争夺。最后她们去找特洛伊城（Troy）的王子帕里斯（Paris）裁决。三位女神向Paris许下了不同的诺言。Aphrodite 许诺说她将把世界上最美的女人送给Paris，于是Paris就把鑫苹果判给了Aphrodite.Hera和Athene非常生气，发誓要报复特洛伊人。后来，Paris出使希腊的斯巴达，在Aphrodite的帮助下，勾引走了斯巴达王后海伦（Helen）——当时世界上最美丽的女人。Paris拐走了Helen，激起了全体希腊人的公愤，于是希腊各国组成联军，远征特洛伊人。战争中，Aphrodite支持特洛伊人，Hera 和Athene支持希腊人。由一只苹果引发了战争，因此apple of discord意思就是“不和的根源，发生纠纷的事端”。这次战争中涌现了许多英雄，阿基里斯（Achilles）就是其中之一。幼年时，他母亲为了使他有不死之身，提着他的脚在冥河中将他全身浸过，使刀枪不能伤害他，唯独脚跟没有浸过冥河水，结果在同Paris作战时，被Paris用毒箭射中脚跟而死，因此Achilles' heel（阿基里斯之踵）就成了“致命的弱点”的同义语。特洛伊战争的最后一年，希腊人采用了“木马计”（the Trojan Horse），在Hera和Athene的帮助下，攻陷了特洛伊城。由于Helen导致了特洛伊城的沦陷，因此Helen of Troy就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。 再如：the sword of Damocles（达摩克利斯之剑），Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发；Damon and Pythias：Damon和Pythias 是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家控视亲人，Damon留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返回，就处死Damon.当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias 意思就是“生死之交”。 经常说的“潘朵拉的盒子”（Pandora's box）来自这样一个故事：普罗米修斯（Prometheus）为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯（Zeus）。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus 的弟弟埃比米修斯（Epimetheus）。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora's box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。 Penelop's web是来自于史诗奥德赛（Odyssey）的一则成语：泊涅罗珀（Penelop）是奥底修斯（Odysseus）的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争打了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop's web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。

希腊神话人物分析英文版

Greek Mythology Today I'm very happy to have this opportunity to show you our presentation. Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks. It talks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. Greek Mythology is not just a literary works; it is also a production of culture of that time and an exhibition of the social surroundings and problems of the current western countries. If we want to know western culture, we need to read this book. It is a summary about gods and heroes story of the ancient Greek nation. It mixed up the real life with the fantasies. After reading the book Greek Mythology, I'm sure everybody is interested in the goddess in this fantastic masterpiece, so I will share with you some of our ideas. Juno was the principal wife of Jupiter, and, as queen of heaven, participated in the honors paid to Jupiter. Juno appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict, matronly and virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married women. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctity of the marriage tie. So strongly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often called upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jealous, harsh, and vindictive. She seemed to be hard-hearted to those gods who were sent many blessings by Jupiter. Latona was just a typical example. Juno changed herself into fierce and dreadful forms to frighten Latona and her children - Apollo and Diana to run from the beautiful garden which Jupiter had found for her. Then she followed and tormented Latona in many ways such as sent wild animals to howl horribly behind her when Latona grew tired and to rest. Juno also changed Callisto into a great furry bear when she found that Jupiter was so pleased with Callisto?s charm and goodness. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, combined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she consequently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance. Juno…s character was just like a jealous and manipulative woman in our daily life. Venus was appointed goddess of Love and Marriage．She represented sex, affection and the attraction that binds people together. With the help of her little son，Eros，the god of love，she made many a tale of happiness and sadness in the life of gods and men．Though Venus was regarded as the symbol of extreme beauty, she still showed a human-like emotion. Venus was much vexed by Psyche who was a princess famous of her beauty. Although her little son Eros - - the god of love fell in love with Psyche. Venus tried every method to break them up. Obviously, Venus was jealous of Psyche?s beauty. In another story, Venus made Pygmalion…s (a sculptor) dream come true, only because she was delighted with the loveliness of Pygmalion?s statue which looked much like herself. Venus spent all her life in the pursuit of love, but her enthusiasm for love is temporary. What?s more, she isn?t single-minded in love. Venus created a personality image with strong vanity and beautiful appearance. She stressed the women's instinct to pay more attention to the appearance. And these points made Venus more act like human beings.

希腊神话对英语词汇的影响

英语词汇中的古典成分 【摘要】希腊文化对西方文明有着深远影响，而古希腊神话形成于公元前8世纪左右，作为古希腊文学宝库的奇葩，它对西方社会文化和语言都产生了深刻而久远的影响。本文拟从英语中源于希腊罗马神话的词汇入手，追溯希腊神话对英语词汇的影响。 【关键词】希腊神话，英语词汇 古希腊神话内容庞杂，情节曲折动人，人物众多（据统计有480人之多），它对欧洲文化产生了久远的影响。现代英语80%的词汇都是借自其他语言或从其他语言的词根构成的。据粗略统计，英语中与希腊神话相关的词汇大约有1000个，所得数据未必是准确无误的，但是这至少证明了英语中与希腊神话有关的词汇在英语词汇系统中有着不可轻视的地位和重要性。 源于希腊神话的词汇已经渗透英美国家社会生活的各个层面，并对其文化和语言表达产生了深远影响。这些词汇从来源课大概分为五类：取自奥林匹克12主神的词汇，取自其他神的词汇，取自英雄故事的词汇，取自半人半神的词汇，取自凡人故事的词汇。这些词语根据其在英语中的使用方式可分为直接使用，取其寓意，转意使用，生成新词等。 1.英语中的部分词汇由古希腊罗马神话故事直接转化而来 1.1神话对基本词汇的直接影响 直接借用外来语言中的词汇为本语言所服务，并保留原有的拼写及全部或部分词义的词被称为loan word。希腊神话中的一些人物由

于具有某种典型的特征或特殊的经历，他们的名字直接转化为普通名词。这种名词不仅保留了原来的拼写，其词义多为申神话人物的象征意义与引申意义。同时，词义的内涵与外延均有很大的扩大，在词形未变的情况下，其词义由单一转化为多样，抽象转化为具体，泛指转化为特指。 如:Adonis是爱神Aphrodite所钟爱的美貌少年猎人，现指美貌少年或美男子 Gorgon（蛇发女怪，凡人见到她就会变成石头）→gorgon（丑陋可怕的女人，令人作呕的人或景象） Python（被Apollo所杀死的巨蟒）→python（蟒蛇） 1.2神话对现代英语花卉名称的影响 现代英语词汇中大量的植物花卉名称跟希腊神话有着千丝万缕的关系。他们部分是神灵的化身，部分是神灵的宠物。如矢车菊centaur源自马人Chiron,月桂树laurel源于太阳神Apollo,芦苇reeds源于牧神Pan,鸢尾花iris源于霓虹女神Iris等。 2.希腊神话对英语词根与词缀的影响（与英语原有词根与词缀融为一体，不易辨别） 2.1 神话中人名对英语词根的影响 按照语言学的观点，词根指必须和一定的词缀组成单词的词，这种派生而来的单词以形容词居多，其次是名词和动词。从数量来看，源自女神的词语明显多于来自女神的词语。如Athene雅典娜女神聪明机智，学识渊博。有她的名字“Athene”后加上后缀“-um”即

希腊罗马神话传说和成语

希腊罗马神话传说和《圣经》中的英语成语典故 1.An Apple of Discord争斗之源；不和之因；祸根 An Apple of Discord直译为“纠纷的苹果”，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事 传说希腊阿耳戈英雄(Argonaut)珀琉斯(Peleus)和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯(Thetis)在珀利翁山举行婚礼，大摆宴席。他们邀请了奥林匹斯上(Olympus)的诸神参加喜筵，不知是有意还是无心，惟独没有邀请掌管争执的女神厄里斯(Eris)。这位女神恼羞成怒，决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。于是，她不请自来，并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个字。天后赫拉(Hera)，智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite)，都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得“最美者”称号。她们争执不下，闹到众神之父宙斯(Zeus)那里，但宙斯碍于难言之隐，不愿偏袒任何一方，就要她们去找特洛伊的王子帕里斯(Paris)评判。三位女神为了获得金苹果，都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处：赫拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利，雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉，阿芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之间选择了后者，便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。为此，赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯，连带也憎恨整个特洛伊人。后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言，帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯的王后---绝世美女海伦(Helen)，从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。不和女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果，不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源，而且也成为了人间2个民族之间战争的起因。因此，在英语中产生了an apple of discord这个成语，常用来比喻any subject of disagreement and contention;the root of the trouble;dispute等意义 这个成语最初为公元2世纪时的古罗马历史学家马克·朱里·尤斯丁(Marcus Juninus Justinus)所使用，后来广泛的流传到欧洲许多语言中去，成为了一个国际性成语。 eg: He throwing us an apple of discord,we soon quarrelled again. The dispute about inheriting estate formed an apple of discord between them. This problem seems to be an apple of discord between the Soviet union and the USA. 2.The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害 The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗Iliad里的主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。 因此，the heel of Achilles,也称the Achilles' heel，常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault;the weakest spot等意思。 eg:The shortage of fortitude is his heel of Achilles. His Achilles' heel was his pride--he would get very angry if anyone criticized his work.3.Helen of Troy Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"，源自源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 Helen是希腊的绝世佳人，美艳无比，嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)为