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MATLAB有关各种图形的画图程序

中国数学建模-编程交流-【编程学习】matlab实用程序百例:



实例1:三角函数曲线(1)
function shili01
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[198 56 350 300],...
'name','实例01');
h1=axes('parent',h0,...
'visible','off');
x=-pi:0.05:pi;
y=sin(x);
plot(x,y);
xlabel('自变量X');
ylabel('函数值Y');
title('SIN( )函数曲线');
grid on


----------------------------------------------


实例2:三角函数曲线(2)
function shili02
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 350],...
'name','实例02');
x=-pi:0.05:pi;
y=sin(x)+cos(x);
plot(x,y,'-*r','linewidth',1);
grid on
xlabel('自变量X');
ylabel('函数值Y');
title('三角函数');


----------------------------------------------
实例3:图形的叠加
function shili03
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 350],...
'name','实例03');
x=-pi:0.05:pi;
y1=sin(x);
y2=cos(x);
plot(x,y1,...
'-*r',...
x,y2,...
'--og');
grid on
xlabel('自变量X');
ylabel('函数值Y');
title('三角函数');


----------------------------------------------

实例4:双y轴图形的绘制
function shili04
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例04');
x=0:900;a=1000;b=0.005;
y1=2*x;
y2=cos(b*x);
[haxes,hline1,hline2]=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'semilogy','plot');
axes(haxes(1))
ylabel('semilog plot');
axes(haxes(2))
ylabel('linear plot');


----------------------------------------------

实例5:单个轴窗口显示多个图形
function shili05
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例05');
t=0:pi/10:2*pi;
[x,y]=meshgrid(t);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(sin(t),cos(t))
axis equal
subplot(2,2,2)
z=sin(x)-cos(y);
plot(t,z)
axis([0 2*pi -2 2])
subplot(2,2,3)
h=sin(x)+cos(y);

plot(t,h)
axis([0 2*pi -2 2])
subplot(2,2,4)
g=(sin(x).^2)-(cos(y).^2);
plot(t,g)
axis([0 2*pi -1 1])


----------------------------------------------
实例6:图形标注
function shili06
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 400],...
'name','实例06');
t=0:pi/10:2*pi;
h=plot(t,sin(t));
xlabel('t=0到2\pi','fontsize',16);
ylabel('sin(t)','fontsize',16);
title('\it{从 0to2\pi 的正弦曲线}','fontsize',16)
x=get(h,'xdata');
y=get(h,'ydata');
imin=find(min(y)==y);
imax=find(max(y)==y);
text(x(imin),y(imin),...
['\leftarrow最小值=',num2str(y(imin))],...
'fontsize',16)
text(x(imax),y(imax),...
['\leftarrow最大值=',num2str(y(imax))],...
'fontsize',16)



----------------------------------------------

实例7:条形图形
function shili07
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 350],...
'name','实例07');
tiao1=[562 548 224 545 41 445 745 512];
tiao2=[47 48 57 58 54 52 65 48];
t=0:7;
bar(t,tiao1)
xlabel('X轴');
ylabel('TIAO1值');
h1=gca;
h2=axes('position',get(h1,'position'));
plot(t,tiao2,'linewidth',3)
set(h2,'yaxislocation','right','color','none','xticklabel',[])


----------------------------------------------
实例8:区域图形
function shili08
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例08');
x=91:95;
profits1=[88 75 84 93 77];
profits2=[51 64 54 56 68];
profits3=[42 54 34 25 24];
profits4=[26 38 18 15 4];
area(x,profits1,'facecolor',[0.5 0.9 0.6],...
'edgecolor','b',...
'linewidth',3)
hold on
area(x,profits2,'facecolor',[0.9 0.85 0.7],...
'edgecolor','y',...
'linewidth',3)
hold on
area(x,profits3,'facecolor',[0.3 0.6 0.7],...
'edgecolor','r',...
'linewidth',3)
hold on
area(x,profits4,'facecolor',[0.6 0.5 0.9],...
'edgecolor','m',...
'linewidth',3)
hold off
set(gca,'xtick',[91:95])
set(gca,'layer','top')

gtext('\leftarrow第一季度销量')
gtext('\leftarrow第二季度销量')
gtext('\leftarrow第三季度销量')
gtext('\leftarrow第四季度销量')
xlabel('年','fontsize',16);
ylabel('销售量','fontsize',16);



----------------------------------------------
实例9:饼图的绘制
function shili09
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例09');
t=[54 21 35;
68 54 35;
45 25 12;
48 68 45;
68 54 69];
x=sum(t);
h=pie(x);
textobjs=findobj(h,'type','text');
str1=get(textobjs,{'string'});
val1=get(textobjs,{'extent'});
oldext=cat(1,val1{:});
names={'商品一:';'商品二:';'商品三:'};
str2=strcat(names,str1);
set(textobjs,{'string'},str2)
val2=get(textobjs,{'extent'});
newext=cat(1,val2{:});
offset=sign(oldext(:,1)).*(newext(:,3)-oldext(:,3))/2;
pos=get(textobjs,{'position'});
textpos=cat(1,pos{:});
textpos(:,1)=textpos(:,1)+offset;
set(textobjs,{'position'},num2cell(textpos,[3,2]))


----------------------------------------------

实例10:阶梯图
function shili10
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 400],...
'name','实例10');
a=0.01;
b=0.5;
t=0:10;
f=exp(-a*t).*sin(b*t);
stairs(t,f)
hold on
plot(t,f,':*')
hold off
glabel='函数e^{-(\alpha*t)}sin\beta*t的阶梯图';
gtext(glabel,'fontsize',16)
xlabel('t=0:10','fontsize',16)
axis([0 10 -1.2 1.2])


----------------------------------------------



实例11:枝干图
function shili11
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 350],...
'name','实例11');
x=0:pi/20:2*pi;
y1=sin(x);
y2=cos(x);
h1=stem(x,y1+y2);
hold on
h2=plot(x,y1,'^r',x,y2,'*g');
hold off
h3=[h1(1);h2];
legend(h3,'y1+y2','y1=sin(x)','y2=cos(x)')
xlabel('自变量X');
ylabel('函数值Y');
title('正弦函数与余弦函数的线性组合');


----------------------------------------------

实例12:罗盘图

function shili12
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例12');
winddirection=[54 24 65 84
256 12 235 62
125 324 34 254];
windpower=[2 5 5 3
6 8 12 7
6 14 10 8];
rdirection=winddirection*pi/180;
[x,y]=pol2cart(rdirection,windpower);
compass(x,y);
desc={'风向和风力',
'北京气象台',
'10月1日0:00到',
'10月1日12:00'};
gtext(desc)


----------------------------------------------


实例13:轮廓图
function shili13
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例13');
[th,r]=meshgrid((0:10:360)*pi/180,0:0.05:1);
[x,y]=pol2cart(th,r);
z=x+i*y;
f=(z.^4-1).^(0.25);
contour(x,y,abs(f),20)
axis equal
xlabel('实部','fontsize',16);
ylabel('虚部','fontsize',16);
h=polar([0 2*pi],[0 1]);
delete(h)
hold on
contour(x,y,abs(f),20)


----------------------------------------------

实例14:交互式图形
function shili14
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例14');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
hold on
x=[];
y=[];
n=0;
disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点');
disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点');
but=1;
while but==1
[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);
plot(xi,yi,'bo')
n=n+1;
disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');
x(n,1)=xi;
y(n,1)=yi;
end
t=1:n;
ts=1:0.1:n;
xs=spline(t,x,ts);
ys=spline(t,y,ts);
plot(xs,ys,'r-');
hold off


----------------------------------------------

实例14:交互式图形
function shili14
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例14');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
hold on
x=[];
y=[];
n=0;
disp('单击鼠标左键点取需要的点');
disp('单击鼠标右键点取最后一个点');
but=1;
while but==1

[xi,yi,but]=ginput(1);
plot(xi,yi,'bo')
n=n+1;
disp('单击鼠标左键点取下一个点');
x(n,1)=xi;
y(n,1)=yi;
end
t=1:n;
ts=1:0.1:n;
xs=spline(t,x,ts);
ys=spline(t,y,ts);
plot(xs,ys,'r-');
hold off


----------------------------------------------

实例15:变换的傅立叶函数曲线
function shili15
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例15');
axis equal
m=moviein(20,gcf);
set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren')
h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...
[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20)
for j=1:20
plot(fft(eye(j+16)))
set(h,'value',j)
m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);
end
clf;
axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);
movie(m,30)


----------------------------------------------
实例16:劳伦兹非线形方程的无序活动
function shili15
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例15');
axis equal
m=moviein(20,gcf);
set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren')
h=uicontrol('style','slider','position',...
[100 10 500 20],'min',1,'max',20)
for j=1:20
plot(fft(eye(j+16)))
set(h,'value',j)
m(:,j)=getframe(gcf);
end
clf;
axes('position',[0 0 1 1]);
movie(m,30)


----------------------------------------------
实例17:填充图
function shili17
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例17');
t=(1:2:15)*pi/8;
x=sin(t);
y=cos(t);
fill(x,y,'r')
axis square off
text(0,0,'STOP',...
'color',[1 1 1],...
'fontsize',50,...
'horizontalalignment','center')


----------------------------------------------
实例18:条形图和阶梯形图
function shili18
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 250],...
'name','实例18');
subplot(2,2,1)
x=-3:0.2:3;
y=exp(-x.*x);
bar(x,y)
title('2-D Bar Chart')
subplot(2,2,2)

x=-3:0.2:3;
y=exp(-x.*x);
bar3(x,y,'r')
title('3-D Bar Chart')
subplot(2,2,3)
x=-3:0.2:3;
y=exp(-x.*x);
stairs(x,y)
title('Stair Chart')
subplot(2,2,4)
x=-3:0.2:3;
y=exp(-x.*x);
barh(x,y)
title('Horizontal Bar Chart')



----------------------------------------------
实例19:三维曲线图
function shili19
h0=figure('toolbar','none',...
'position',[200 150 450 400],...
'name','实例19');
subplot(2,1,1)
x=linspace(0,2*pi);
y1=sin(x);
y2=cos(x);
y3=sin(x)+cos(x);
z1=zeros(size(x));
z2=0.5*z1;
z3=z1;
plot3(x,y1,z1,x,y2,z2,x,y3,z3)
grid on
xlabel('X轴');
ylabel('Y轴');
zlabel('Z轴');
title('Figure1:3-D Plot')
subplot(2,1,2)
x=linspace(0,2*pi);
y1=sin(x);
y2=cos(x);
y3=sin(x)+cos(x);
z1=zeros(size(x));
z2=0.5*z1;
z3=z1;
plot3(x,z1,y1,x,z2,y2,x,z3,y3)
grid on
xlabel('X轴');
ylabel('Y轴');
zlabel('Z轴');
title('Figure2:3-D Plot')


----------------------------------------------
1.图形修饰与控制:
1).坐标轴的比例控制
命令:
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
将图形的x轴范围限制在[xmin, xmax] 之间,
y轴范围限制在[ymin, ymax] 之间。

2.坐标刻度标示
命令:
Set(gca,’xtick’,标示向量)
Set(gca,’ytick’,标示向量)
按标示向量设置x、y轴的刻度

3.文字标示
title(‘字符串’)---图形标题
xlabel(‘字符串’)---x轴标注
ylabel(‘字符串’)---y轴标注
text(x,y,‘字符串’)---在坐标(x,y)处标注说明文字
gtext(‘字符串’)---用鼠标在特定处标注说明文字.

4.网格控制
命令:grid on---在所画的图形中添加网格线;
grid off---在所画的图形中去掉网格线

5.图例注解
区分同一个坐标系上的多幅图形.
命令:
Legend(字符串1,字符串2,…,参数)
例:
t=0:0.05:7;
y1=sin(t);
y2=cos(t);
plot(t,y1,'-',t,y2,':')
legend('余弦函数','正弦函数',1)

6.图形窗口的分割
命令:subplot(m,n,p)将当前绘图窗口分割成m行n列区域,并指定第p个编号区域为当前绘图区.

编号原则:先上后下,先左后右.
每个编号区域可以以不同的坐标系单独绘图.
例:
t=0:0.05:7;
y1=sin(t);
y2=cos(t);
x=0:0.1:13
y3=sin(2*x);
y4=cos(2*x);

subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,y1);title('sin(t)');

subplot(2,2,2);


plot(t,y2);title('cos(t)');

subplot(2,2,3);
plot(x,y3);title('sin(2x)')

subplot(2,2,4);
plot(x,y4);title('cos(2x)')

7.不同的坐标系单独绘图.
图形的填充
命令:
fill(x,y,’color’)
在由数据x,y所构成的多边形内,用color所指定的颜色填充.
若图形不是封闭的,用初始点与终点的连线封闭.

8.fplot(‘函数表达式’,[xmin,xmax])
用于绘制给定函数在区间
[xmin,xmax]內的变化图形.

9.饼图
pie(x,explode)
X一般为向量,绘制x的每一元素占全部向量元素总和值的百分比的饼图.
参数explode表示某元素对应的扇形图是否从饼图中分离
出来,若非零,则分离出来.

10.条形图
1).垂直方向的条形图
bar(x,’参数’)
X一般为向量,以其各元素的序号为各个数据点的横坐标,以X的各个元素为纵坐标,绘出一个垂直方向的条形图.
参数为group(或缺省),stack.

11.三维直方图
bar3(y,z,’参数’)---绘制垂直的三维直方图
bar3h(y,z,’参数’)---绘制水平的三维直方图
以x=1:n为x坐标,以y(1×m)向量为各元素y坐标,以z(n×m)为z坐标.绘制水平或垂直的三维直方图.
参数可选择为:grouped(分组式),detached(分离式),stacked(累加式).

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