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2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版).pdf

2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版).pdf
2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版).pdf

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

32.T he phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to ______.

[A] found[B] revised[C] marked[D] stored

33.G iovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ______.

[A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition

[C] increase Science’s circulation[D] set an example for other journals

34.D avid Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ______.

[A] adds to researchers’ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers

[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future

35.W hich of the following is the best title of the text? ______.

[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.

Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.

In today’s w orld, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36.According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ______.

[A]the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

[B]companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices

[C]governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues

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[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions

37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______.

[A]Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

[B]more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

[C]Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

[D]phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38.The author believes the Rebekah Brooks’s defense ______.

[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues

[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows ______.

[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution

[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral code

40.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? ______.

[A]The quality of writing is of primary importance.

[B]Common humanity is central to news reporting.

[C]Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

[D]Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) __________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42)

___________.

Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retriev al of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) ___________.

Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) ___________. This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it, (45) _________. Such dimensions of reading suggest—as others introduced later in the book will also do—that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to

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@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一

differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meanings, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: these might be the ones the author intended.

[E]You make further inferences, for instance about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

[F]In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouth pieces for the author’s own thoughts.

[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

Section Ⅲ Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.

(48)But, inevitably, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first

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@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一

glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

Section Ⅳ Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”

instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should

1)describe the drawing briefly,

2)explain its intended meaning, and

3)give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

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@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

参考答案

Section I Use of English (10 points)

1. A B C D

2. A B C D

3. A B C D

4. A B C D

5. A B C D

6. A B C D

7. A B C D

8. A B C D

9. A B C D10. A B C D

11. A B C D12. A B C D13. A B C D14. A B C D15. A B C D

16. A B C D17. A B C D18. A B C D19. A B C D20. A B C D

Section II Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points)

21. A B C D22. A B C D23. A B C D24. A B C D25. A B C D

26. A B C D27. A B C D28. A B C D29. A B C D30. A B C D

31. A B C D32. A B C D33. A B C D34. A B C D35. A B C D

36. A B C D37. A B C D38. A B C D39. A B C D40. A B C D

Part B (10 points)

41. A B C D E F G 42. A B C D E F G 43. A B C D E F G

44. A B C D E F G 45. A B C D E F G

Section III Translation (15 points)

46.这次由各种强烈动机驱动的人口迁移运动在一片荒芜中创造了一个国家,而其荒无人烟的本质也让这次人口迁移塑造了这个无人涉足过的大陆的品格和命运。

47.美国是两种主要力量的产物——具有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的诸多欧洲民族的移入和改良了这些特质的新国家的影响。

48.但是,美国特有的地理环境的作用力、各种不同群体之间的相互影响以及在这个荒芜的新大陆维系旧大陆生活方式的困难性引起了美国这个新兴国家天翻地覆的变化。

49.在15、16世纪探索北美大陆的100多年后,首批满载移民的航船穿越大西洋驶向那片大陆,即如今的美国。

50.这片树木数量丰富、品种繁多的原始森林着实是一个宝库,它从缅因州一路延伸至乔治亚州。Section Ⅳ Writing (25 points)

略(详见@大师兄英语真题解析及全文翻译、考研英语真题音视频讲解)

@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

试题解析

Section I Use of English

大师兄英语点评:2015年英语一完形是一篇名为“DNA of Friendship: Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”的文章,该文讲述的是朋友之间有相似基因,并且他们的嗅觉基因也相似这一研究发现。本文与原文的一致性很强,命题人没有删除任何段落。文章难度不大,多以词汇题为主。

1.【D】语法题。从第一个空格到最后整个句子是表语从句。主句和其中表语从句缺少连接代词,A、B、C

项均为连接副词。只有D项为连接代词。

2.【B】句意判断。第一句为本文的论点,而从后面的内容看该论点是一项研究得出的结论。选择选择 B 项。

A 项“防御;辩护”;C 项“撤回;取钱”。

3.【C】介词搭配。根据句意:这份研究是对 1932 位独特个体实施的全基因组分析研究。表示“在…身上”用

介词on。选择C项。

4.【A】句意判断。根据该研究的结论“朋友间有 1%的基因是相同的”,以及本题后面的“unrelated friends and

unrelated strangers”可知,此这是份研究“对比”朋友间和陌生人间的基因发现的结论。选择 A 项。

5.【C】词汇题。这些实验对象被分为“无血缘关系的朋友”和“无血缘关系的陌生人”两个“样本”。

6.【A】句意判断。根据后面“it is not so to a geneticist”(但对于一个遗传学家来说并不这样)可知 A 项“微

不足道”最符合题意。C项和D项属于同义词“令人难以置信的”,与A项意思相反。7.【D】句意判断。本句意思是“大部分人甚至都他们的第四代表亲,但总能选择我们亲人的人为友”

这两个空有一定的关联性和逻辑性。A项“参观”;B项“想念”;C项“寻求”;D项“知道”。只有

D项最符合句意。

8.【A】句意判断。根据上一题和本文所阐述的“朋友间有 1%的相似基因”这个论点可知。“我们选择的朋友与我们

的亲人”A项“相似”;B项“影响”;C项“更喜欢”;D项“超越”。选择A项。

9.【B】本文开头的论点是一个发现,而本句又出现了一个发现,只有B 项“也”符合逻辑。10.【D】句意判断。根据前面的一句“...difficult to explain”以及后面给出的解释,可判断,这是作者的猜测。

只有D项“也许”符合题意。11.【B】介词判断。前一句的意思是“这种相似性能将我们引至同样的

环境之中”,这是研究团队就朋友间为

什么有相同嗅觉基因给出的一个解释,从后面一句“可能有许多机制……”可知,作者认为“对此”的

解释还有很多,只有B项介词to有表示“对此,对”的意思。

12.【A】根据下文可知,有许多机制“驱使”我们选择基因相近的人为友。B 项“观察”。 13.【B】整个句子是

作者解释为什么朋友间有相同嗅觉基因,前半句说因为有很多机制驱使人们选择基因相似

的人为友,根据逻辑判断,后面的“functional kinship”应该不是择友所需的,所以选择B项“而不是”。14.【D】句意判断。根据前文中“functional kinship”(起作用的朋友关系),可知交友为了D 项“利益”。15.【C】词汇题。选项中有两对反义词,根据题意,首先排除 A 和 D。再根据下文中“picked pace”可知,此

处应为C项“较快的”。

16.【C】根据语意。空格后面是一个 why 引导的宾语从句,意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”。能与

这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C项understand。A项forecast“预测”与“过去三万年”相矛盾,

B 选项 remember“记住”和 D 选项“express”均不符合文意。

17.【B】该句的前半部分说到“人类进化在过去 3 万年中加速了”,根据题意可知,此处要表达出“社会环境是

一种主要的促成性因素”,所以选择B。

18.【D】A 项 endeavor“努力”;B 项“决定”;C 项“安排”;D 项“倾向”。本文的讨论的重点是解释人们在交朋

友的一种倾向,即选择与自己有相似基因的人为友。因此正确答案为D。

19.【C】结合上文,人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。因而 C 项“种族的”最合题意。 20.【A】句意判断。前一句是“尽管所有的研究对象都选自某个有欧洲血统的族群,但研究这还是所有研

究对象,互为朋友的人和互为陌生人的人都来自同一族群。”四个选项中,只有see that“确保,务必”

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@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一的意思符合。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

原文标题:Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?来源:The Guardian(卫报)原文链接:

spain-monarchy-prince-charles

大师兄英语点评:此文来自英国著名报纸《卫报》,讲述的西班牙国王辞职的事件以及欧洲君主制的缺点和所面临的问题,并提及英国王储查尔斯对君主制的认识,指出其未能认识到君主的真正作用。原文一共10段,命题人对原文部分段落内容进行了删减,本文的难点在于第34题,会有一定的争议,该题需要一定的政治常识。

21.【D】第一段第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down”(但是令皇室颜面扫地的丑闻和近期欧洲议会选举中共和左派的得势使他不得不食言,并且走下王位)。D项中“stand down”是“end his reign”的同义,且“eat his words”说明了“embarrassment”。故 D 是正确答案。A、B、C 项均未提及。

22.【A】从第三段最后一句话“most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure”(大多数欧洲王室家族得以存续是因为他们能让选民不需要费心去寻找一位无争议且广受尊重的公众人物来取代他们)可推断出,君主们本身就是“没有争议且受尊敬的人物。”A项正确。B和C未提及,而根据第三段第一句“It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state”(正是君主这种显然能超越政治的作用才解释了君主作为国家元首一直都受到欢迎的原因)可知D项“永久的政治化身”错误。

23.【B】根据第四段最后一句“it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.”(那些有钱的王室家族竟然还能是现代民主国家的象征,这真是奇怪)可知 B 项“王

室贵族在现代民主国家的角色”正确。根据第四段第二句“their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.”(但正是他们的历史——有时是他们如今的行事方式——体现出了过时的和说不过去的特权和各种不平等)可知C项错误;A项未提及;而D项并不奇怪。

24.【D】回答这题需要一定的政治常识,即:伊丽莎白二世女王仍是的英国君主,查尔斯还尚未继位,所以文中用了“the danger will come with Charles”。这句表明英国君主是查尔斯的未来角色。根据第七段第三句

“He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controve-rsial and non-political heads of state”(他没能明白这一点:君主国之所以能存续,很大程度上因为君主们是以无争议无政治倾向的形象担任国家元首的)可知D项“他未能使自己适应未来的角色”正确。文中并没未提及有人建议查尔斯怎么样生活,B项错误。A和C未提及。

25.【C】本文以Carlos 退位的事例讲述君主制的利弊和欧洲君主制面临的问题和所作出的改变,并不是讨论查尔斯的问题。所以B和D排除。而文中也根本未提及A项中Carlos的荣耀,所以错误。

Text 2

原文标题:Supreme Court should begin laying out privacy protections for smartphones来源:Washington Post 原文链接:

ons-for-smartphones/2014/04/28/3266087c-cf1a-11e3-b812-0c92213941f4_story.html

大师兄英语点评:本文来自《华盛顿邮报》,讲述是最高法院考虑警察在逮捕嫌犯时能否在没有搜查令的情况下搜查被捕者的手机,以及宪法应保护的个人数字隐私这一更大的问题。命题人对本文处几处单词修改之外,完整保留了原文,非常符合考研大纲的要求。本文最后两段对于考生来讲比较难理解。题目的难度不大,答案容易在文中找到。

26.【B】根据第一段第二句“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest”(联邦最高法院现在将考虑这

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@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一

个问题:拘捕嫌犯时,如果嫌犯的手机就在他身上或旁边,警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机里的内容)可知B项正确。

27.【C】根据第四段第一句“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that...”(他们首先要摒弃加州提出的站不住脚的观点…)可知,作者的态度是C项“不赞同”。B项“不关注”。

28.【A】根据第四段第三句“But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home”(但查看

一个人的手机则更像就如他或者她的家里)可知A项“进入某人住所”正确。D项是加州的观点。

29.【D】根据第五段第一句“Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy”(美国人应当采取措施来保护他们的数字隐私)和第六段第三句“...and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased”(他们能采取合理措施来确保手机信息不被删除)可知,作者的顾虑是 D 项。

30.【B】作者引用 Orin Kerr 的对比是为了说明其观点,即第七段第二句“New, disruptive technology someti-mes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections”(具有破坏性的新技术有时要求宪法的保护性规定要推陈出新)。B项“新技术要求对宪法的重新解读”与作者观点相符。A项“宪法应被灵活地执行”未提及。D项“宪法原则应当永远不被修改”与作者观点相反。

Text 3

原文标题:Major Scientific Journal Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers It Publishes

原文链接:papers-it-publishes1/

大师兄英语点评:本文主要讲述《科学》期刊为提高其论文结果的可复制性而在其论文审查中增加“数据审查”和建立“数据统计审查编委会”以及多位人士对此的评价。原文一共9段,命题人删去了最后三段,对本文并不影响。文章和题目的难度不大。

31.【B】根据第一段第一句“The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process”(《科学》期刊正在向其同行评审程序中增加一轮数据核查)可知A 项“《科学》期刊欲简化其同行评审程序”错误;根据第二句“The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern.....”

(《科学》随其他采取了类似举措的期刊后推出了这项政策)可知 B 项正确。C 和 D 项文中未提及。

32.【C】文中原文中句子“Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors”

(论文的原稿将会被以便作额外审查…)和前文可知,此处应为“重视,关注”之意。A 项“发现”;B

项“修改”;C项“标记”;D项“存储”,只要C项符合题意。flag up的英文解释为:to bring (something) to someone's attention; point out 使某人注意(某物);指出

33.【D】根据第四段最后一句“but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science”(也希望能作用于更多的可能会步《科学》后尘而采取同样方法的期刊)可知 D 项“为其他期刊树立榜样”意思一致。A、B、C 项均未提及。

34【.C】根据第六段最后一句“....has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny in the first place...”(Vaux 说《科学》把一些论文交由数据统计学家审查的这个想法有些优点,但一个不足就是《科学》要依赖审查编辑委员会来首先确认哪些论文需要审查)可知C项“还有改进的地方”符合题意。其他项并未提及。

35.【A】本文主要通过《科学》期刊在其同行评审程序中增加一项数据核查来严格论文审查,并建立了“数据统计审查编委会”,然后作者引用了Giovanni、John Ioannidis和Vaux等人对《科学》此举的评价。所以A项“《科学》加入到推进论文数据审查努力中”最符合题意。B和C项未提及。D项“数据统计学家重返《科学》”这一点并不是本文重点。

Text 4

原文标题:As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life来源:The Guardian(卫报)原文链接:-moral-purpose

大师兄英语点评:此文也是来自《卫报》,实际上考研英语一和二的很多文章都是来自这份报纸。虽然题目

难度中等,但完全理解这篇文章难度很大。本文开头引述传媒大亨默多克女儿伊丽莎白·默多克在爱丁堡国

3

@大师兄英语·2015 年考研英语一

际电视节上做的主旨演讲的讲话(但命题人未提及此背景),本文主要讲述的新闻集团旗下的《世界新闻报》的电话窃听丑闻以及新闻行业道德缺失这一更大的问题。原文一共12段,命题人删去了后面6段,对文章的整理理解有一定影响,另外,命题人删去了本文开头的一段背景,让考生不好理解。如果考生对“窃听门事件”有一定了解,文章就比较好懂。

36.【A】根据第一段第一句中“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions, Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in so ciety should be profit and the market”(很多机构道德缺失得让人不安。她称道德已经沦丧,因为大家都接受了这样的思想:社会的唯一“筛选机制”应该是利益和市场)和第二段“it’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within... could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism and freedom”(做事缺乏目的性、缺乏道德语言,这可能会变成资本主义和自由主义最危险的恶果)可知道德缺失是由于“筛选机制”造成的,而道歉缺失会成为资本主义的恶果,所以A项“如今的筛选机制的后果”正确。

37.【B】根据第三段最后一句“This long story still unfolds”(这个很长的窃听事件还在慢慢被展开)可推断出,此事件还远没有结束,所以B项“或许更多记者将因手机窃而被判处有罪”正确。C项“Andy Coulson应当被判无罪”无法推测出。D项“手机窃听在某些场合可以被接受”错误。

38.【C】根据第四段第二句“One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what ...”

(令人震惊的发现之一就是丽贝卡·布鲁克斯对在其新闻编辑室中发生的事请知之甚少…)可知,作者对Rebekah Brooks 的自我辩护迟否定态度。C 项“很难让人信服”正确。A 项“显示了她精明的性格”不能推断出。

39.【A】根据第五段最后两句“The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly..... Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness...”(与此有关的字眼是效率、变通、

股东价值……而沦为边缘的字眼是公正、公平…)可知这是一种不正常的价值观。A项“普遍扭曲的价值观”

正确;C项“一种边缘化的生活方式”;D项“严格的道德准则”都未提及。

40.【C】根据最后一段第一、二句“The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact”(编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是促进读者了解新闻信息,不是保证其所编写的新闻是

真实的,也不是背叛任何我们共有的人性。它是为了追求发行量和影响力而毁掉一些人的生活)可推断出C

项“道德意识在报纸编辑中很重要”。本文主要讲新闻报道的道德缺失,B 项“我们共有的人性是新闻报道的核心”和D项“记者需要更严格的行业规定”均与此无关。

Part B

大师兄英语点评:新题型类型7选5填空,该题型难度上小于7选5排序。本文无法从网上搜索到,该文类似语言学类文章,有点晦涩难懂,总体难度较大。本文主要讲述“如何进行阅读”的,文中介绍了推断的方法。本文主要考察考生对全文的理解和对各段开头和结尾逻辑关系以及诸如代词such和转折词rather、in effect等关键词的定位和推断能力。题目难度中等,但完全理解全文难度较大。

41.【C】根据本空前一句和后一句可知,这两个句子均以主语 You 来描述,可见这三个句子都应该是以 You

为主语的句子。把选择范围缩小到选项中C、D、E中,D项中“in effect, you try to reconstruct”(实际上,你

试图重现…)可知,D项的描述应该与前面的描述是相关的,而41空前的内容和D项内容显然没任何关系;再看E项“You make further inferences...”(你进一步推断…)可知,其前面的内容应该也是推断,这样才能连贯,所以E不在41空,只有C项符合题意。

42.【E】根据本空之前的一句“You infer information you feel the writer....”(你推断你感觉作者想让你理解的信息…)可知,其主语仍是You,并且本空要与前一句有逻辑关系,所以D项“You make further inferences”

最符合题意。

43【.G】本空前一句“What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ‘true” meaning that can be read off....”(所讨论的并不是要寻找一个绝对的、固定的或者是真实的意思…),本句中有 not 和 meaning 两个关键词,D项和G项都比较符合题意,但是再根据下一段第一句“Such background material...”中的代词such可

知,上一段中即本空中应该有background一词。所以G项正确。

44.【B】本空的下一句中“This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless”(然而,

4

2015考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位,他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中,丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论,并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位;放弃vi. 退位;放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻;流言蜚语;诽谤;公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来,西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路?是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改? 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体;君主国;君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室;王室成员adj. 皇家的;盛大的;女王的;高贵的;第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的;宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据,也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化,弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化(等于polarize)polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. (使)极化;(使)偏振;(使)两极分化vi. 极化;偏振;两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主,帝王;最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越;卓越;超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此,除中东外,欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区,有10位国王(梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内)。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的,大批滋生的(常与with搭配)v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词);遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是,与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同,欧洲皇室能够留存下来,是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者;专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此,毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面,缺点;下降趋势;底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征,但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时,且站不住脚。

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities,and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say,they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists,in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis,which has suddenly been officially announced,has been with us for a long time now,and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not,it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on,mankind is going to advance cautiously,and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse,there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with,the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001,the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million,and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that,if necessity forces exports,it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact,as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety,there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

2015考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路: 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

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