搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 人教版高中英语必修一一轮复习Unit1Friendship七选五阅读填空

人教版高中英语必修一一轮复习Unit1Friendship七选五阅读填空

人教版高中英语必修一一轮复习Unit1Friendship七选五阅读填空
人教版高中英语必修一一轮复习Unit1Friendship七选五阅读填空

2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 1 Friendship七选五阅读填

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage 1

Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,we often don’t clearly understand how we make we get on well with a number of people, 1

Moreover,a great many relationships come under the general term “friendship”.In all cases,two people like one another and enjoy being together,but beyond that,the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their interest in each other change greatly.

At the beginning,much depends on how people meet,and on good first we get to know people, 2 Although these factors are not of the greatest importance,it is more difficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background.

Then, 3 Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than ordinary and soft voices also express friendliness,and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty making friendly look with a wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare,and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness.

Some relationships are a result of argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have the same ideas and beliefs,the same opinions and more closely involved people become,the more they depend on each 4 Equally,friends have to learn to make allowances for each other,to put up with annoying habits,and to accept differences in opinion.

~

In contrast with marriage, 5 But the support and understanding that results from shared experiences and affections does seem to create a close and lasting relationship.

are usually friends with only a few.

factors can affect friendship and relationship.

want to do friends favours and hate to let them down.

and discussion can improve personal relationships.

consider things like age,race,looks,economic and social status,etc.

pay attention to actual behaviour,facial expression,and the way a person speaks. are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the relationship between two people. 【

答案: 1~5 AEFCG

Passage 2

1 One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own ’s great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays.

The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. 2 Pets,clothes,pop music or dancing groups,sports,making thingsThe list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. 3 All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.

4 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think ’ll keep you busy for ages.

At your first meeting you should make up a rule the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!

Now you have just about everything you need,except membership are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. 5 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourselfThat will make the membership card really look like it.

So there you are,get clubbing! Once you get started you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do!

’s easy.

your own club!

a designer to join you.

are you interested in

vacation is just around the corner.

you need to pick a name for your club.

a bright thick pen to make a special design.

·

答案:1~5 EDAFG

Passage 3

It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it,then life is no longer difficult.

Most do not fully see this truth. 1 It seems to them that their difficulties represent/stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families,their class,or even their nation.

2 Problems,depending on their nature,cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or are uncomfortable feelings,often as painful as any kind of physical since life causes an endless series of problems,life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. 3

4 When we desire(希望) to encourage the growth of the human spirit,we encourage the human ability to solve problems,just as in school we set problems for our children to solve.

5 As Benjamin Franklin said,“Those things that hurt,instruct.(应该从痛苦艰辛中学习和获得指示。)”It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

are the serious test that tells success from failure.

is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn(谴责) us for failing. |

is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn.

,it is in this whole process(过程) of solving problems that life has its meaning. they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. don’t know how to make money and participate/join in problem solving collaboration (合作、协作) groups.

makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one.

答案:1~5 EGDAC

Passage 4

The seven Cs of a good letter

What is the secret of writing a good letterYou will be successful if you follow these seven Cs.

Clear. 1 Make them easy to as if the reader were right there with you.

should be taken seriously. 2 Use your you need to,check a reference book them as much as you need to.

your one point completely before going on to the next.

Courteous(礼貌的).Be your information nicely even if you are complaining about something. 3

each point as clearly and briefly as you can.

is really the secret of good writing, 4 Such a letter has a natural,friendly tone.

Considerate. 5 Write about what you believe the reader needs or wants to to be will build good feeling toward you.

<

The seven Cs are about writing how about school papersUse the seven as if you are talking to your teacher or ’ll be ’ll almost instantly become a good you might even enjoy writing from now on.

short,direct sentences.

long sentences in your letter.

of the readers’ point of view as you write.

“talk” to the person.

all letters,treat others as you want them to treat you.

’t guess,even for spelling.

sure what you say is correct.

答案:1~5 AFEDC

高一英语阅读7选5专项练习

高一英语阅读7选5专项练习 A Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73 The following methods may work best for you. ●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. ●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. ● Write your notes in your own words. ● 74 ● Note any questionsor ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes,you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and thatyou use them all the time.75 A. Use words, notcomplete sentences. B. There are threepractical note-taking methods. C. You must writeyour notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you maynot be able to read your notes later. E. you will also wantto develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means youmust first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simpleact of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand andremember it. B Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. __71_Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. Allow them to study in block of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. __72__ Ideal (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner . Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. __73_ You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing . ____74___ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.

人教版生物必修一:6.1《动植物细胞有丝分裂的区别和相关曲线》练习

第2课时动植物细胞有丝分裂的区别和相关曲线 观察根尖分生组织细胞的有丝分裂 ?达标练习 1.洋葱根尖分生区细胞在分裂过程中不会出现的是( ) A.在细胞分裂间期,核糖体合成蛋白质功能增强 B.在细胞分裂前期,细胞两极发出纺锤丝形成纺锤体 C.在细胞分裂中期,细胞内ATP的含量明显减少 D.在细胞分裂末期,高尔基体为细胞壁的形成合成多糖 解析:ATP与ADP在细胞内的转化十分迅速,使细胞内ATP与ADP的含量处在动态平衡中,因此,在细胞分裂中期,细胞内ATP的含量不会明显减少。 答案:C 2.(2018·韶关高一检测)在植物细胞有丝分裂末期两个新细胞的形成方式如图所示。产生图中囊泡的结构及囊泡中可能含有的物质分别是( ) A.内质;蛋白质、磷脂 B.高尔基体;蛋白质、磷脂 C.内质;纤维素、果胶

D.高尔基体;纤维素、果胶 解析:高尔基体与植物细胞壁的形成有关。细胞壁开始形成时先在两个新细胞间出现许多囊泡,其中含有形成细胞壁的物质——纤维素、果胶。 答案:D 3.(2018·潮州高一检测)如图是蛙的红细胞无丝分裂过程,和有丝分裂相比,下列叙述正确的是( ) A.没有DNA和染色体的复制 B.分裂过程中没有出现纺锤体和染色体的变化 C.分裂过程中细胞核缢裂成两个细胞核,因此子细胞中染色体减少一半 D.无丝分裂只发生在原核生物的细胞分裂中,有丝分裂只发生在真核生物的细胞分裂中 解析:蛙的红细胞无丝分裂过程也有DNA和染色体的复制;无丝分裂产生的子细胞染色体数目不变;无丝分裂和有丝分裂都发生在真核细胞中。 答案:B 4.如图是一组动物细胞的有丝分裂图,下列有关说法正确的是( )

高中英语阅读理解题 篇及答案

阅读理解专项练习: 1 When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma's generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4, 000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it's better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (" Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table. ") must be picked up else- where. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially. 72. Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining? A. Family members need more time to relax. B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality. C. People prefer to live a comfortable life. D. Young people won't follow the etiquette of the older generation. 73. It can be learned from the passage that 'Royal Doulton is . A. a seller of stainless steel tableware B. a dealer in stoneware C. a pottery chain store D. a producer of fine China 74. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is .

【专项训练】高一英语阅读七选五专项训练6篇及答案

高一英语阅读七选五专项训练 Thanks to the development of the Internet, you can now work from home, and make more money. If you are trying to find out how you can make money using social media(社会媒体),hopefully this article will help you, get a clear idea of how you can manage your business more successfully. Sell your products on Instagram Instagram is an online social platform where people share their pictures and post words about them. 1 You could actually use Instagram to create your online store. Take photos of the products that you are selling and post them on Instagram. 2 Use social media to communicate 3 Face-to-face communication is probably the best. However, when you are trying to keep in touch with someone on the other side of the world, it can be very difficult. You could use LinkedIn to communicate through social media, as this site is probably the best place to find business opportunities online, and know of people who may be interested in working with you. Sponsor(发起) products and services This may be the most common way to make money using social media. 4 Now, if the post on your website is popular, companies could be interested in buying the rights to make their products be known through your website. Manage social media

人教版高中生物必修一知识点整理

高一生物考试重要知识点 第一章走近细胞 第一节:从生物圈到细胞 1病毒没有细胞结构,但必须依赖(活细胞)才能生存。 2生命活动离不开细胞,细胞是生物体结构和功能的(基本单位)。 3生命系统的结构层次:(细胞)、(组织)、(器官)、(系统)、(个体)、(种群)(群落)、(生态系统)、(生物圈)。 4血液属于(组织)层次,皮肤属于(器官)层次。 5植物没有(系统)层次,单细胞生物既可化做(个体)层次,又可化做(细胞)层次。 6地球上最基本的生命系统是(细胞)。 7种群:在一定的区域内同种生物个体的总和。例:一个池塘中所有的鲤鱼。 8群落:在一定的区域内所有生物的总和。例:一个池塘中所有的生物。(不是所有的鱼) 9生态系统:生物群落和它生存的无机环境相互作用而形成的统一整体。 第二节:细胞的多样性和统一性 一、高倍镜的使用步骤(尤其要注意第1和第4步) 1 在低倍镜下找到物象,将物象移至(视野中央), 2 转动(转换器),换上高倍镜。 3 调节(光圈)和(反光镜),使视野亮度适宜。 4 调节(细准焦螺旋),使物象清晰。 二、显微镜使用常识 1调亮视野的两种方法(使用大光圈)、(使用凹面镜)。 2高倍镜:物象(大),视野(暗),看到细胞数目(少)。 低倍镜:物象(小),视野(亮),看到的细胞数目(多)。 3 物镜:(有)螺纹,镜筒越(长),放大倍数越大。 目镜:(无)螺纹,镜筒越(短),放大倍数越大。 放大倍数越大视野范围越小视野越暗视野中细胞数目越少每个细胞越大 放大倍数越小视野范围越大视野越亮视野中细胞数目越多每个细胞越小 4放大倍数=物镜的放大倍数х目镜的放大倍数 四、细胞学说 虎克既是细胞的发现者也是细胞的命名者;细胞学说建立者是施莱登和施旺,细胞学说内容:1、一切动植物都是由细胞构成的2、细胞是一个相对独立的单位3、新细胞可以从老细胞产生。细胞学说建立揭示了细胞的统一性和生物体结构的统一性。

高中英语阅读理解100篇

1 O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New Y ork and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New Y ork and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader’s surprise. 2 One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of Londo n’s big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture. He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop. When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert. 3 On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. Th e hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.” Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India. When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true. Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 4、(1分) Mr. Grey was the manager of a small office in London. He lived in the country, and came up to work by train. He liked walking from the station to his office unless it was raining, because it gave him some exercise. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him and said to him, “Y ou may not remember me, sir, but seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets, I stopped you in this street and asked you to lend me some money, and you lent me £ 5, because you said you were willing to take a chance so as to give a man a start on the way to success.” Mr Grey thought for a few minutes and then said, “Y es, I remember you. Go on with your story!” “Well,” answered the stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?”5、(1分)

高考英语阅读七选五做题技巧

七选五做题技巧 通读全文,了解文章大意。通读答案,找出和文章相对应的关键词。根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,将选项填入文中。将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案。 1. 如果问题设在段首 (1)通常是段落的主题句 认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句 (2)与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等。 着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。 (3)段落间的过渡句。 这时要瞻前顾后找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 2. 如果问题设在段尾 (1).空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。 (2.)通常是结论,概括性语句 注意在选项中查找表示结果结论,总结等的信号词。Therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 (3.)与前文是转折或对比关系 此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立,对比关系。 (4.)与前文是并列或排比关系 在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他线索。 (5.)所选答案是引出下一段的内容 如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来 (6.)如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题 通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案应有这样的特征词。 一、基本技巧 一)做题步骤 1.阅读各个空的前后句,标记关键词 在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后,要阅读五个空各自的前后句,并将前后句中的解题线索,即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。 2.阅读各个选项,尤其是选项的首句,标记关键词 3.比较上述两类关键词,确定答案 4.将确定的答案代入原文,看读起来是否通顺。 二)判断方法 在标记了原文与选项的关键词以后,可以按照下列原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配: 1.词汇衔接 正确选项中的关键词一般重复前一句的关键词,也与下一句的关键词相呼应。

高中英语阅读七选五 15篇(含答案)

阅读七选五 真题演练 Passage 1 Losing weight istough、For most people,it requiresa change indiet, a change in exercise habits, and achangeinattit ude、 1 ●Set healthygoals、 If you’re overweight and want to change that,the first step is deciding what your target weightis、2 ●Start small、 Making major behavior modificationsisn’t something thathappens overnight、3mit toeating 5servings ofvegetablesa day and exercising 2days aweek for the first week,andthen add a little more each week、 ●Track yourdiet and exercise、 Now it’s timeto startworking toward that goal、Thebest way to stick withyour diet and exercise rules istotrack it、4Or youcan doittheold fashionedwayand keep a wr itten foodandexercise journal、Find what works for youandwritedown what you’ve acplished every day、 ●5 Every month you should take alook at your goal and see what type of progressyou’vemadetoward acplishing it、Ifyou’re notwhe re you wantto be, make minor adjustments、Try doing different exe rcises or cuttingback on certaintypesof foodsthat you maybeeating too muchof、 Losing weight andkeeping it off is a highlypersonal thing、F ind what works foryou andstick withit、 A、Evaluateandadjust、 B、Here’s how you canacplishall the three、 C、You might as well start with your ownattitude、

高中英语阅读理解及答案详解

高中英语阅读理解及答案详解 4 A A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises (出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend. No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was. 1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________. A.repeated without any change B.treated as a joke C.made some changes by the parent D.set in the present

高考英语阅读七选五题型专项练习10篇(附答案)

2011年高考英语阅读七选五专项训练(10题)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 专项练习一 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today.Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world.Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829. 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847.Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business.This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention.After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes.Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals.Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners.At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth. 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners.These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more. In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉).This made the pants last a long time.Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent. 4 . By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion. 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world. A.As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States. ! B.Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable. C.He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since. D.However, he did not get much business for those products. E.He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry. F.Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture. G.As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it.

最新版人教版高中生物必修一知识点整理(超详细)

高一生物考试重要知识点 第一章走近细胞 第一节:从生物圈到细胞 1 病毒没有细胞结构,但必须依赖(活细胞)才能生存。 2 生命活动离不开细胞,细胞是生物体结构和功能的(基本单位) 。 3 生命系统的结构层次: (细胞)、(组织)、(器官)、(系统)、(个体)、(种群)(群落)、(生态系统) 、 (生物圈)。 4 血液属于(组织)层次,皮肤属于(器官)层次。 5 植物没有(系统)层次,单细胞生物既可化做(个体)层次,又可化做(细胞)层次。 6 地球上最基本的生命系统是(细胞) 。 7 种群:在一定的区域内同种生物个体的总和。例:一个池塘中所有的鲤鱼。 8 群落:在一定的区域内所有生物的总和。例:一个池塘中所有的生物。 9 生态系统:生物群落和它生存的无机环境相互作用而形成的统一整体。三、比较原核与真核细胞(多样性) (不是所有的鱼) 原核细胞 较小( 1—10um ) 无成形的细胞核, 核物质集中在 真核细胞 较大( 10--100 um ) 有成形的真正的细胞核。有核膜,有 细胞 核区 。无 细胞核 核膜,无核仁。 DNA 不和蛋白质结合 除核糖体 外,无其他细胞器 核仁。 DNA 和蛋白质结合成 有各种细胞器 植物细胞、真菌细胞有,动物细胞无 真菌、植物、动物 染色体 细胞质 细胞壁代表 有。但成分和真核不同,主要是 放线菌、细菌、蓝藻、支原体 肽聚糖 四、细胞学说 虎克既是细胞的发现者也是细胞的命名者; 内容: 1、一 细胞学说建 细胞学说建立者是施莱登和施旺,细胞学说 2、细胞是一个相对独立的单位 3、新细胞可以从老细胞产生。 切动植物都是由细胞构成的 立揭示了细胞的统一性和生物体结构的统一性。 第二章组成细胞的元素和化合物 第一节:细胞中的元素和化合物 基本: C 、H 、O 、N ( 90%) 大量 :C 、 H 、 O 、 N 、 P 、S 、(97%) K 、C a 、Mg 微量 : F e 、Mo 、 Zn 、Cu 、B 、Mo 等 元素 ( 20 种) 最基本 : C ,占干重的 48.4%, 生物大分子以 碳链 为骨架 物质 基础 说明生物界与非生物界的 统一性 和差异性 。 水:主要组成成分;一切生命活动离不开水 无机盐:对维持生物体的生命活动有重要作用 蛋白质:生命活动(或性状)的主要承担者/体现者核酸:携带遗传信息 糖类:主要的能源物质 脂质:主要的储能物质 无机物 化合物 有机物 二、检测生物组织中糖类、脂肪和蛋白质

相关主题