词汇学练习
● 注意a-, in-, ( il-, im-, ir-), non-, un- 等前缀的使用.
“negative ” prefixes 表示否定意义的前缀
a- amoral 与道德无关的, apolitical 不关心政治的、无政治意义的 dis- disloyal, disobey ，disclose ，discredit ，discourteous ，disregard ， disprove, dissimilar,
in- injustice, incorrect , inconsiderate, inconsistent, inaccuracy, il- illegal, illegalize,
ir- irresistible, irrational, irregular
im- immature, imbalance, impossible , impassive
non- noncontentious , non-classical, nonbusiness,
un- unwrap, unexpected, unfriendly, unfair, unendurable, unfavorable ，unreasonable, unremarked
● meanings of roots and prefixes
例词基本第一种第二种意义单位符号(词) 符号（词根）
?人man anthro
?花flower anth(o)?时time chron
?色colour chrom
?水water hydr(o)?石stone lite(o)
?牙tooth dent(i)?头head cephal
?脚foot ped
?音sound phon ?日sun sol ?月moon lun ?星star astro(er)?世界world cosm(o)?生命life bi(o)?中心center center Anthropology 人类学, philanthropy （慈善事业）Anthesis 开花（期），chrysanthemum 菊花
Chronic 慢性的、长期的, synchronic 同步的Chromatic 彩色的, bichrome 两色的Hydrate 水合物, hydroelectric 水力发电的
Aerolith 陨石, neolith 新石器, paleolith 旧石器dentist, dentiform ,齿状的
Cephalalgia 头痛, cephalitis 脑炎Uniped 单脚的, pediform 脚型的phonetics, microphone
solar, insolation 暴晒，日光浴，中暑. insolate
lunar ，lunatic 疯狂的
Astrology 占星术, astronomy 天文学cosmic, cosmopolis 国际都市biotic, antibiotic 抗生素central eccentric 古怪的 ex- out: express
post- after: postgraduate
ante- before: antecedent
over- beyond: overwork
mis- bad: misbehave
pre- before: prepare
over- excessive: overweight 超重，overflow 溢出，overwork ，
overleap 越过，overrun 超过，泛滥
sub- below: subheading 副标题，subdue征服，抑制，
subscribe
en- in: enclose
in- in: include
super- above superman
mal- wrongly: maltreat
ultra- extreme: ultra-conservative 极端保守
anti- against: anti-nuclear反核武器的, anti-government反政府的,
contra- against : contraflow 逆流，contradict反驳，否定，与。。抵触
counter- against: counterattack 反击，反攻，counteract抵消，中和，
co- with : cooperate ,
1. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can
form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is _____. ( A )
A. productivity
B. polysemy
C. stability
D. collocability
2. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is
called ______. ( D )
A. prefixation
B. suffixation
C. acronymy
D. conversion
3. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect,
courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. ( A )
A. psychological
B. social
C. communicative
D. lexical
4. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT
______. ( B )
A. packs
B. bags
C. cheats
D. ships
5. The definition of a word comprises the following points ____. ( D )
(1) a minimal free form of a language
(2) a sound unity
(3) a unit of meaning
(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence
A. (1) and (2)
B. (1) (2) and (3)
C. (2) (3) and (4)
D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)
6. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______.
( A )
A. back-formation
B. clipping
C. blending
D. suffixation
7. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word
appears and is known as ______ context. ( B )
A. non-linguistic
B. linguistic
C. grammatical
D. lexical
C. the West Asia
D. America
8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? ( D )
A. Suffixation.
B. Variation.
C. Allomorph.
D. Polysemy.
9. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( D )
A. Elimination of ambiguity.
B. Indication for referents.
C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.
D. All the above.
10. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following
particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( C )
A. Old English
B. Middle English
C. New English
D. Modern English
11. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is ____. ( A )
A. morpheme
B. affixes
C. root
D. stem
12. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog,
feet, matches. ( B )
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
13. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced
through _____. ( A )
A. affixation
B. clipping
C. compounding
D. shortening
14. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned,
______ is the strongest of all. ( D )
A. wish
B. Like
C. want
D. desire
15. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can
form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is _____. ( A )
A. productivity
B. polysemy
C. stability
D. collocability
16. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( B )
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival
D. adverbial
17. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech? ( D )
A. Metaphor.
B. Personification.
C. Euphemism.
D. Shortening.
18. Never do things by halves is a(n) ______.( C )
A. verbal idiom in nature
B. nominal idiom in nature
C. sentence idiom
D. adverbial idiom in nature
19. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of
Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( A )
A. India
B. the Far East
20. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( A )
A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.
B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.
C. It embraces the people, time and place.
D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.
21. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( D )
A. British Phonetic Alphabet
B. American Phonetic Alphabet
C. International Phonetic Alphabet
D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet
22. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( C )
A. beds
B. Bags
C. cheats
D. bottles
23. The word "prisoner" comprises ______ morphemes. ( B )
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
24. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.( D )
A. reread
B. Prewar
C. bloody
D. harder
25. The prefix "over-" in the word "overweight" is a prefix of ______.( B )
A. orientation and attitude
B. degree or size
C. time and order
D. number
26. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( D )
A. the slight difference between words of similar meanings
B. difficult points of grammar and style
C. important British and American differences
D. all the above
27. The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are __B______.
A. noun suffixes
B. verb suffixes
C. adverb suffixes
D. adjective suffixes
28. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called
______.( A )
A. back-formation
B. Acronymy
C. conversion
D. clipping
29. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat." is ambiguous due to ______.( A )
A. grammatical structure
B. Hyponymy
C. cultural influence
D. non-linguistic context
30. There are five types of meaning changes and among which ______ are the most
common.( D )
A. degradation and elevation
B. transfer and extension
C. elevation and narrowing
D. extension and narrowing
Give the American English form of each word.
示例如下：1. Dialogue: dialog 2. centre：center_
2，英语中的以-our结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的字母u。
3，英语中以-re结尾，读音为[2]的单词，在美语中改为-er结尾，读音不变。
4，英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词，在美语中改为- ense结尾，读音仍为[ns]。
5，英语中以-ise结尾的动词，美语中则拼作-ize。
6，英语中以双写-ll-拼写的部分词，在美语中只有一个-l-，例如：
7，英语中以- xion结尾的词，美语中拼作-ction，读音不变。
Idioms
1.cry for the moon 异想天开
2. use every trick in the book使出各种绝招，使出浑身解数
3. to put the cart before the horse 本末倒置
4. make short work of迅速完成；轻松解决
5.to turn up one’s nose at 瞧不起；嗤之以鼻
6.first and foremost 首要的是
7.part and parcel 重要部分
8.join the majority离开；去世
9.dine and wine吃喝
10. follow the majority从众
11. To meet one’s Waterloo一败涂地
12.An Indian summer 小阳春
13.Forty winks 白天小睡
14.All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的宴席
15.cut and run开溜；临阵脱逃
16. Diamond cuts diamond.棋逢对手
17.once in a blue moon 千载难逢
18. Achilles’ heel致命弱点
19. let bygones be bygones 既往不咎
20. Gold can\'t be pure and man can\'t be perfect. 金无足赤,人无完人
21. gain in both fame and wealth 名利双收
22. rob Peter to pay Paul 拆东墙补西墙
23. wear and tear损坏；损耗
24. time and tide wait for no man岁月不饶人
25. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌
26. Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见
27. A slow sparrow should make an early start.笨鸟先飞
28. white night不眠之夜
29. No discord, no concord. 不打不成交
30. A bird may be known by its song. 什么鸟唱什么歌。
31. One can't make bricks without straw. 巧妇难为无米之炊
32. the highest eminence is to be gained step by step千里之行始于足下
33. Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 前事不忘,后事之
师
GRE Graduate Record Examination
CET College English Test
MBA Master of Business Administration
PETS Public English Test System
CEO Chief Executive Officer
CPU central processing unit
IT Information technology
ATM Automatic Teller Machine
ELT English Language Teaching
SOS Save our ship
VIP very important person
DIY Do it yourself
TOFEL Test of English as a Foreign Language
ROM read only memory只读存储器
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty organization
FIFA Federation Internationale de Football
Aids Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome
radar Radio detecting and ranging
●True
1. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “shorter”.
2. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary.
3. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs.
4. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used.
5. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words.
●False
1. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling.
2. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words.
3. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms.
4. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, so it has undergone degradation of meaning. .
5. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech,
only resulting in synonymous idioms.
●
derivational affix ：
Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. bound morphemes:
Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound morphemes. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. blending:
Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
morphemes :
The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as morphemes. In other words, the morphemes is the smallest functioning unit in composition of words narrowing:
Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense
idioms :
(1) Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences which are peculiar to the
language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas.
(2)Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable
from their literal meaning of individual elements.
(3)In forms idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions.
●What is motivation? How is it classified?
1) Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its
meaning.
2) Motivation is classified into onomatopoeic motivation, morphological
motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.
●Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial
letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with
examples.
Words formed from initial letters are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. Such as VIP, BBC, TV. Acronyms are pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS, TOEFL, radar.
●How is context classified?
Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.
●what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two
examples.
Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning. e.g．treat--maltreat
Suffixation，On the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.
e.g．employ— employer
●What are the three main features of compounds?
Compounds have the following three main features: phonetic features, semantic features and grammatical features. The word stress of a compound usually occurs on the first element if there is only one stress. In cases of two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. Semantically, every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatically, a compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.
●What are the three periods in view of the development of English
vocabulary?
Old English (450-1150),
Middle English (1150-1500),
Modern English (1500-up to now)
●what is polysemy? Illustrate your points.
1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages．
2)have more than one sense．
3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with --diachronic approach and
synchronic approach．
●What are the sources of Synonyms
1) Borrowing
2) Dialects and regional English
3) Figurative and euphemistic use of words
4) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions
●What is elevation? And what is degradation?
Elevation is a process by which a word moves from a derogatory or neutral sense to a neutral and/or appreciative sense.
Degradation is a process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use ●What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to
illustrate it.
The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, ‘woman’ becomes ‘Frau’ in German and ‘femme’ in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean ‘meat’, ‘meet’, and ‘mete’.
●Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then
find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.
[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.
[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.
[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.
答案：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. Sentence [A] means the clock is one hour ahead of the local time, and the right antonym of fast is slow.
Sentence [B] means the colors are resistant to destruction of fading, and the right antonym of ward fast is loose.
Sentence [C] means the visit was accomplished in relatively little time, and the right antonym of fast is long.
●Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and
subordinates.
a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.
b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin..
答案：1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences is hyponymy.
2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinates
while “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentence are all
subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous
sentence.
3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates are
vivid, precise and concrete.
●Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and
subordinates.
a. The man said he would come to our school next week.
b. The visiting scholar said he would come to our university next Monday.
答案：In the first sentence, “man”, “school”, and “week” are all superordinates while “visiting scholar”, “university”, and “Monday” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.
The second sentence is clearer because subordinates are vivid, precise and concrete.
The relationship between some words used in the above two sentences is hyponymy.
●Male/female
Explain what kind of antonymy they belong to and the characteristics of this kind of antonymy.
答案：They are contradictory antonyms.
Contradictory antonyms truly represent oppositeness of meaning. They are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. The assertion of one is the denial of the other. In other words, if one of the pair is true, then the other cannot be.
词汇学考试题目
词汇学考试题型 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（2×15=30%） 1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（） A. more B. little C. less D. gradual 2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（） A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B 3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（） A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above 4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（） A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above 5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（） A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（） A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units 7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（） A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ef5135658.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）
词汇学模拟试卷1及答案
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一) I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%) 1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______. A. roots B. morphs C. stems D. morphemes ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______. A. stability . B. productivity C. polysemy . D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic . B. Hellenic C. Italic . D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. borrowing B. backformation C. creation D. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel”and “comsat”are called ______. A. blends B. compounds C. acronyms D. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings”has ______ morphemes. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. concept B. world C. context . D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______. A. dorm for “dormitory” B. fond for “affectionate” C. dish for “food” D. TV for “television”( ) 9. The word “mouth”in the phrase “the mouth of a river”is regarded as a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. etymologically C. onomatopoeically D. semantically
词汇学第四章考试题
CHAPTER 4 1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______. A. borrowing B. word-formation C. conversion D. the number of the people speaking English 2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation. A. Affixation B. Compounding C. Conversion D. Blending 3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary. A. 30% B. 28% C. 26% D. 28% to 30% 4. Word formation excludes _______. A. affixation and compounding B. conversion and shortening C. chipping, acronymy and blending D. repetition and alliteration 5. The most productive word formation are _______. A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. all the above 6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive. A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D. derivation 7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______. A. compounding B. affixation C. conversion D. shortening 8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems. A. affixes B. suffixes and prefixes C. inflectional affixes D. derivational affixes 10. The words formed by affixation are called _______. A. affixes B. derivations C. derivatives D. derivationals 11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation. A. functions B. positions C. ways D. none of the above 12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning. A. word-class B. meaning C. form D. structure 13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups. A.7 B. 8 C.9 D. 10 14. These are negative prefixes except _______.
词汇学试题(1)
哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes
英语词汇学试题
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot
2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
(完整版)全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
词汇学题目
Lecture One Language Linguistics Lexicology IV. QUESTIONS 1) What is lexicology? 2) What is the nature and scope of English lexicology? 1. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 2. Nature: English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course, chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. In the meantime it is a practical course, for it has something to do with words—the most fundamental element of language. Scope: English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. Lecture T wo The Sources of the English Vocabulary V. Questions: Decide whether the statements are true or false. 1). English is more closely related to German than French. 2). Old English was a highly inflected language. 3). In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side. 4). Modern English is considered an analytic language. 5). The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian. 6). In modern times, borrowing brings less than 10 percent of modern vocabulary. 7). The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. 8). The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation. 9). Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. 10). Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. Lecture Three Word-formation in English III. Questions 1. Write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions: a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme( ) c. a morpheme that can stand alone( ) d. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes( ) 2. Form negatives of each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. smoker capable practical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingness legal agreement athletic loyal convenient
词汇学模拟试卷1及答案
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一) I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%) 1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______. A. roots B. morphs C. stems D. morphemes ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______. A. stability . B. productivity C. polysemy . D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic . B. Hellenic C. Italic . D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. borrowing B. backformation C. creation D. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______. A. blends B. compounds C. acronyms D. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has ______ morphemes. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. concept B. world C. context . D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______. A. dorm for “dormitory” B. fond for “affectionate” C. dish for “food” D. TV for “television”( ) 9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. etymologically C. onomatopoeically D. semantically ( ) 10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word. A. pronunciation B. spelling C. function D. meaning ( ) 11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______. A. neigh B. squeak C. bleat . D. trumpet ( ) 12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms. A. relative B. contrary C. contradictory D. graded ( )
词汇学复习题完整版
（最终完整版） I. Define the Followi ng Terms. 1. Morpheme Morpheme（语素）:the minimal meaningful unit（the smallest functioning unit in the compositi on of words） 2. allomorph Allomorph（语素变体）:is a differe nt varia nt form of a morpheme , differ in phono logical and spelli ng form, but at the same in function and meaning. One of the varia nts that realize a morpheme 3. bound morpheme Bound Morpheme（粘着语素）:A bound morpheme is one that cannot stand by itself. 4. free morpheme Free morphemes: Those which may occur alone, that is, those which may constitute words by themselves, are free morphemes. 5. Affix Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only whe n added to ano ther morpheme. 6. in flecti onal affix Inflectional affixes （屈折词缀）（inflectional morphemes）: affixes attached to the end of words to in dicate grammatical relati on ships are in flecti onal 7. derivati onal affix Derivational affixes（派生词缀）A） prefix: A prefix comes before words. B）suffix a prefix or suffix added to a root or stem to form ano ther word, as un- in un read, -n ess in like ness 8. root A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further an alyzed without total loss of ide ntity. 9. stem A stem is the surplus part after the cutting of inflectional morpheme in a word with in flect ional morphemes,ca n be further an alyzed, it sometimes could be a root. 10. Refere nee Refere nee is the conven ti onal or arbitrary relatio nship betwee n Ian guage and the world. Part of the word meaning is the referen ce. 11. Motivation（理据）: Motivati on refers to the conn ecti on betwee n the lin guistic symbol and its meanin g.Most words are non-m otivated. 12. Conceptual meaning（概念意义）: also known as denotative meaning（夕卜延意义）Conceptual meaning is often described as dictio nary meaning or literal meaning of a word. It is the core of the meaning of a word. 13. grammatical meaning （语法意义）：in dicate the grammatical con cept（become importa nt only in actual con text）Grammatical meaning refers to that part of meaning which indicates grammatical relati on ships or functions, such as tense meaning, sin gular meaning, etc 14. associative mea ning