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最给力的英语写作七项原则

最给力的英语写作七项原则
最给力的英语写作七项原则

最给力的英语写作七项原则

余明朝陕西省商南县高级中学

一、句式多样化原则

1.同义词语替换

就是运用自己已有的单词、短语和句型对原句对应部分进行同义的替换。替换的句子成分可以是单词,也可以是短语或句型。一般来说,词汇量越大,能够通过替换造出的句子就越多。例如:

1)I was dying to get out and play with it.

→I was keen to get out and pla y with it.

→I was eager to get out and play with it.

2)The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→The second I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→The minute I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→Immediately I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→Directly I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→Instantly I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

→As soon as I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.

2.同义句型转换

同义句型转换是运用语言知识对原句进行加工、改造,从而造出一个新句子。同义句型转换能够帮助习作者掌握更多的词汇和句型,增加语言表达的多样性。能够使用的词汇、句型越多,句型转换的灵活能力就越强,造句也就越得心应手。例如:

1)It is known to all that Americans are competitive.(主语从句)

→As is known to all, Americans are competitive.(定语从句)

→We all know that Americans are competitive.(宾语从句)

2)We were surprised the girl could draw so well.(宾语从句)

→To our surprise, the girl could draw so well.(短语)

→What surprised us was that the girl could draw so well.(主语从句+表语从句)

3)He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.(not…until…句型)

→Not until his father came back did he go to bed.(倒装句)

→It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.(强调句型)

4)As a result, the plan was a failure.(短语)

→The plan turned out to be a failure.(短语)

5)They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(状语从句)

→Singing and laughing, they went back to school. (ING形式)

6)I won’t believe what he says. (宾语从句)

→No matter what he says, I won’t believe.(状语从句)

7)We all think he is a great man.(宾语从句)

→We all think highly of h im .(短语)

8)In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.(there + be 句型)

→Our school is made up of twenty–six classrooms.(短语)

3.合并句子

简单地说,就是把两个或以上的简单句合并成一个句子。可以运用分词、不定式、从句等语言知识合并句子。通过合并句子,可以帮助写作者锻炼英语思维,写出地道而富有变

化的英语句子,使英语句子由简单变得简洁,而这正是英语表达的最高境界。

1)Will put down his shopping bag. He held out his hand.

→Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand.(使用现在分词)

2)He was ill. He didn't go to school.

→He didn't go to school because he was ill.(使用状语从句)

3)He studies very hard. He isn't good at any subjects.

→He studies very hard but he isn't good at any subjects.(使用并列句)

4)The International Red Cross is an organization. Its purpose is to help

the sick and the needy.

→The International Red Cross is an organization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.(使用定语从句)

5)She walked out of the lab. Many students followed her.

→Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. (使用过去分词)

二、长短句原则

顾名思义,长句与短句交替使用。一般来说,短句结构简单,用词少,信息容量小,简明扼要,生动活泼;长句结构复杂,用词多,信息容量大,表达严密、细致、精确。在英语表达中,如果只用短句或只用长句,语气和节奏缺乏变化,就容易使人产生单调、乏味之感。只有长短句交替使用,相映相衬,才能加强语言的艺术感染力,增强文章的表达效果。例如:

①We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.②There are many trees along the streets.③There is a clean river in the city.④There are many fishes in the river.⑤There are willow trees on one side.⑥There are some stretches of grassland on the other side.⑦ There are many flowers there.

段中七个句子均为短句,句型结构单一,长短相同,十分单调。下面是修改后的段落:

①Just imagine the beautiful surroundings we can create if we make our cities greener.②Green trees line the streets.③A clean river winds through the city,in which a lot of fishes abound.④On one side stand rows of willow trees.⑤ On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.

改写后的这段文字有长句①、③、⑤,也有短句②和④,一长一短,表现出抑扬顿挫的节奏感。不仅句子长短交叉,而且句型结构变化也很大,使文章流畅自然,生动活泼。又如:

①As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. ②Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

该段只有两句话。句①是短句;句②是长句。长短句结合,读起来上口。

从上面的例子可以看出,长短句结合是取得作文高分的重要技巧,但是这也是一个相对难以掌握的作文高分技巧,需要在掌握了语言知识基础上做更多的练习,熟能生巧。

三、短语、习语、谚语优先原则

短语、习语、谚语是普通群众共同创作并在口头上广为流传的固定词组或句子,蕴涵着丰富的英语文化。在高中英语写作中恰当运用习语,可使语言流利地道,活泼风趣,增加表现力,突显文采。例如:

1.短语:

follow suit效仿、照别人的方式去做a goose 笨蛋

a bad apple 坏蛋 a fat cat 大款

a rat race 激烈的竞争another cup of tea另一回事

all at sea不知所措all the go流行

have a ball寻乐;痛快地玩go with the flow随从大家的意见

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英文简历写作要求与原则

英文简历写作要求与原则 英文简历不就是把中文简历翻译过来就行了吗?这个观念是错误的。中英文简历有很多不同,包括格式、文化和语言上的种种不同,所以千万不要直接把中文简历做一下翻译直接了事。下面的英文简历写作要求与原则希望你能喜欢。 英文简历写作基本要求 ①短小精悍。 雇主在一份简历上停留的时间通常不会超过30秒,所以简历必须写得短小精悍,一般应当在一页纸以内(最多不能超过两页),集中表现出应聘者所有与应聘职位相关的有效讯息,便于雇主了解。 ②先重后轻。 一般来说,在简历结构的安排上,应当把最重要的、与应聘职位最相关的材料放在最前面,按此标准依次安排,因为先接触到的东西,往往给雇主留下的印象最深刻。在学历方面以及接受的培训方面也是如此,从最高学历往后推。 ③表达简洁。 语言一定要简洁,能用短语、短句,绝不用长句。措辞上,在涉及与应聘职位相关的技能时,应使用相应的专业术语,一方面节省篇幅,另一方面也能够比较有针对性的通过网申的关键词删选环节。在人称的叙述上,最好的方法是省略主语。(第一人称显得自负,第三人称又会显得比较别扭)

④针对性强。 简历所写的必须以应聘职位的要求为标准,权衡自己各方面的材料,选取最有利、最符合要求或与职位要求最相关的材料。 ⑤扬长避短。 通过细节描述突出自己的优势,也可用数字或与他人的比较来突出自己的长处。一定避免讲自己的缺点,如:长时间无工作、被解雇、完不成工作业绩等。 ⑥恰当包装。 简历包装的基本内容是版面设计,要力求美观大方、整齐清楚、便于阅读。版面设计一般有两种:分项式与表格式。在具体设计时,应聘者要根据要求,灵活处理字体选用、版设设计等。从实际情况来看,分项式居多。 ⑦内容全面。 一般来说完整的简历应该包括基本信息(PersonalInformation)、求职目标(Career Objective)、教育背景(Education Background)、工作经验(Work Experience)、社团活动(Activities)、荣誉奖励(Honors&Awards)、个人技能(Skills)。 ⑧不断完善。简历做好后,可以请求英语比较好的同学或同事帮忙检查语言、格式、措辞、标点等方面是否存在问题,同时也可以让你的外企HR朋友过目一遍,还可以搜索国外职场经验丰富的大牛的英文简历做样本,多收集几个版本做分析。根据他们的反馈,做恰当的删减和修改。

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