欧盟商标指令

I

(Legislative acts)

DIRECTIVES

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2436 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 16 December 2015

to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks

(Recast)

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (1),

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (2),

Whereas:

(1) A number of amendments should be made to Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (3). In the interests of clarity, that Directive should be recast.

(2) Directive 2008/95/EC has harmonised central provisions of substantive trade mark law which at the time of adoption were considered as most directly affecting the functioning of the internal market by impeding the free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services in the Union.

(3) Trade mark protection in the Member States coexists with protection available at Union level through European Union trade marks (‘EU trade marks’) which are unitary in character and valid throughout the Union as laid down in Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 (4). The coexistence and balance of trade mark systems at national and Union level in fact constitutes a cornerstone of the Union's approach to intellectual property protection.

(4)

Further to the Commission's communication of 16 July 2008 on an industrial property rights strategy for Europe, the Commission carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the overall functioning of the trade mark system in Europe as a whole, covering Union and national levels and the interrelation between the two. 23.12.2015 L 336/1

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the European Union (1)OJ C 327, 12.11.2013, p. 42. (2)Position of the European Parliament of 25 February 2014 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and position of the Council at first reading of 10 November 2015 (not yet published in the Official Journal). Position of the European Parliament of 15 December 2015. (3)Directive 2008/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (OJ L 299, 8.11.2008, p. 25). (4)Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the Community trade mark (OJ L 78, 24.3.2009, p. 1).

(5) In its conclusions of 25 May 2010 on the future revision of the trade mark system in the European Union, the Council called on the Commission to present proposals for the revision of Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 and Directive 2008/95/EC. The revision of that Directive should include measures to make it more consistent with Regulation (EC) No 207/2009, which would thus reduce the areas of divergence within the trade mark system in Europe as a whole, while maintaining national trade mark protection as an attractive option for applicants. In this context, the complementary relationship between the EU trade mark system and national trade mark systems should be ensured.

(6) The Commission concluded in its communication of 24 May 2011 entitled ‘A single market for intellectual property rights’ that in order to meet increased demands from stakeholders for faster, higher quality, more streamlined trade mark registration systems, which are also more consistent, user friendly, publicly accessible and technologically up to date, there is a necessity to modernise the trade mark system in the Union as a whole and adapt it to the internet era.

(7) Consultation and evaluation for the purpose of this Directive has revealed that, in spite of the previous partial harmonisation of national laws, there remain areas where further harmonisation could have a positive impact on competitiveness and growth.

(8) In order to serve the objective of fostering and creating a well-functioning internal market and to facilitate acquiring and protecting trade marks in the Union, to the benefit of the growth and the competitiveness of European businesses, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises, it is necessary to go beyond the limited scope of approximation achieved by Directive 2008/95/EC and extend approximation to other aspects of substantive trade mark law governing trade marks protected through registration pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 207/2009.

(9) For the purpose of making trade mark registrations throughout the Union easier to obtain and administer, it is essential to approximate not only provisions of substantive law but also procedural rules. Therefore, the principal procedural rules in the area of trade mark registration in the Member States and in the EU trade mark system should be aligned. As regards procedures under national law, it is sufficient to lay down general principles, leaving the Member States free to establish more specific rules.

(10) It is essential to ensure that registered trade marks enjoy the same protection under the legal systems of all the Member States. In line with the extensive protection granted to EU trade marks which have a reputation in the Union, extensive protection should also be granted at national level to all registered trade marks which have a reputation in the Member State concerned.

(11) This Directive should not deprive the Member States of the right to continue to protect trade marks acquired through use but should take them into account only with regard to their relationship with trade marks acquired by registration.

(12) Attainment of the objectives of this approximation of laws requires that the conditions for obtaining and continuing to hold a registered trade mark be, in general, identical in all Member States.

(13) To this end, it is necessary to list examples of signs which are capable of constituting a trade mark, provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. In order to fulfil the objectives of the registration system for trade marks, namely to ensure legal certainty and sound administration, it is also essential to require that the sign is capable of being represented in a manner which is clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, durable and objective. A sign should therefore be permitted to be represented in any appropriate form using generally available technology, and thus not necessarily by graphic means, as long as the representation offers satisfactory guarantees to that effect.

(14) Furthermore, the grounds for refusal or invalidity concerning the trade mark itself, including the absence of any distinctive character, or concerning conflicts between the trade mark and earlier rights, should be listed in an exhaustive manner, even if some of those grounds are listed as an option for the Member States which should therefore be able to maintain or introduce them in their legislation.

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(15) In order to ensure that the levels of protection afforded to geographical indications by Union legislation and national law are applied in a uniform and exhaustive manner in the examination of absolute and relative grounds for refusal throughout the Union, this Directive should include the same provisions in relation to geographical indications as contained in Regulation (EC) No 207/2009. Furthermore, it is appropriate to ensure that the scope of absolute grounds is extended to also cover protected traditional terms for wine and traditional specialties guaranteed.

(16) The protection afforded by the registered trade mark, the function of which is in particular to guarantee the trade mark as an indication of origin, should be absolute in the event of there being identity between the mark and the corresponding sign and the goods or services. The protection should apply also in the case of similarity between the mark and the sign and the goods or services. It is indispensable to give an interpretation of the concept of similarity in relation to the likelihood of confusion. The likelihood of confusion, the appreciation of which depends on numerous elements and, in particular, on the recognition of the trade mark on the market, the association which can be made with the used or registered sign, the degree of similarity between the trade mark and the sign and between the goods or services identified, should constitute the specific condition for such protection. The ways in which a likelihood of confusion can be established, and in particular the onus of proof in that regard, should be a matter for national procedural rules which should not be prejudiced by this Directive.

(17) In order to ensure legal certainty and full consistency with the principle of priority, under which a registered earlier trade mark takes precedence over later registered trade marks, it is necessary to provide that the enforcement of rights which are conferred by a trade mark should be without prejudice to the rights of proprietors acquired prior to the filing or priority date of the trade mark. Such an approach is in conformity with Article 16(1) of the Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights of 15 April 1994 (‘TRIPS Agreement’).

(18) It is appropriate to provide that an infringement of a trade mark can only be established if there is a finding that the infringing mark or sign is used in the course of trade for the purposes of distinguishing goods or services. Use of the sign for purposes other than for distinguishing goods or services should be subject to the provisions of national law.

(19) The concept of infringement of a trade mark should also comprise the use of the sign as a trade name or similar designation, as long as such use is made for the purposes of distinguishing goods or services.

(20) In order to ensure legal certainty and full consistency with specific Union legislation, it is appropriate to provide that the proprietor of a trade mark should be entitled to prohibit a third party from using a sign in comparative advertising where such comparative advertising is contrary to Directive 2006/114/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1).

(21)In order to strengthen trade mark protection and combat counterfeiting more effectively, and in line with inter-national obligations of the Member States under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) framework, in particular Article V of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade on freedom of transit and, as regards generic medicines, the ‘Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and public health’ adopted by the Doha WTO Ministerial Conference on 14 November 2001, the proprietor of a trade mark should be entitled to prevent third parties from bringing goods, in the course of trade, into the Member State where the trade mark is registered without being released for free circulation there, where such goods come from third countries and bear without authorisation a trade mark which is identical or essentially identical with the trade mark registered in respect of such goods.

(22) To this effect, it should be permissible for trade mark proprietors to prevent the entry of infringing goods and their placement in all customs situations, including, in particular transit, transhipment, warehousing, free zones, temporary storage, inward processing or temporary admission, also when such goods are not intended to be placed on the market of the Member State concerned. In performing customs controls, the customs authorities should make use of the powers and procedures laid down in Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2), also at the request of the right holders. In particular, the customs authorities should carry out the relevant controls on the basis of risk analysis criteria.

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the European Union (1)Directive 2006/114/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 concerning misleading and comparative advertising (OJ L 376, 27.12.2006, p. 21). (2)Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 concerning customs enforcement of intellectual property rights and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003 (OJ L 181, 29.6.2013, p. 15).

(23) In order to reconcile the need to ensure the effective enforcement of trade mark rights with the necessity to avoid hampering the free flow of trade in legitimate goods, the entitlement of the proprietor of the trade mark should lapse where, during the subsequent proceedings initiated before the judicial or other authority competent to take a substantive decision on whether the registered trade mark has been infringed, the declarant or the holder of the goods is able to prove that the proprietor of the registered trade mark is not entitled to prohibit the placing of the goods on the market in the country of final destination.

(24) Article 28 of Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 provides that a right holder is to be liable for damages towards the holder of the goods where, inter alia, the goods in question are subsequently found not to infringe an intellectual property right.

(25) Appropriate measures should be taken with a view to ensuring the smooth transit of generic medicines. With respect to international non-proprietary names (INN) as globally recognised generic names for active substances in pharmaceutical preparations, it is vital to take due account of the existing limitations on the effect of trade mark rights. Consequently, the proprietor of a trade mark should not have the right to prevent a third party from bringing goods into a Member State where the trade mark is registered without being released for free circulation there based upon similarities between the INN for the active ingredient in the medicines and the trade mark.

(26) In order to enable proprietors of registered trade marks to combat counterfeiting more effectively, they should be entitled to prohibit the affixing of an infringing trade mark to goods, and certain preparatory acts carried out prior to such affixing.

(27) The exclusive rights conferred by a trade mark should not entitle the proprietor to prohibit the use of signs or indications by third parties which are used fairly and thus in accordance with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters. In order to create equal conditions for trade names and trade marks against the background that trade names are regularly granted unrestricted protection against later trade marks, such use should only be considered to include the use of the personal name of the third party. Such use should further permit the use of descriptive or non-distinctive signs or indications in general. Furthermore, the proprietor should not be entitled to prevent the fair and honest use of the mark for the purpose of identifying or referring to the goods or services as those of the proprietor. Use of a trade mark by third parties to draw the consumer`s attention to the resale of genuine goods that were originally sold by, or with the consent of, the proprietor of the trade mark in the Union should be considered as being fair as long as it is at the same time in accordance with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters. Use of a trade mark by third parties for the purpose of artistic expression should be considered as being fair as long as it is at the same time in accordance with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters. Furthermore, this Directive should be applied in a way that ensures full respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, and in particular the freedom of expression.

(28) It follows from the principle of free movement of goods that the proprietor of a trade mark should not be entitled to prohibit its use by a third party in relation to goods which have been put into circulation in the Union, under the trade mark, by him or with his consent, unless the proprietor has legitimate reasons to oppose further commercialisation of the goods.

(29) It is important, for reasons of legal certainty to provide that, without prejudice to his interests as a proprietor of an earlier trade mark, the latter may no longer request a declaration of invalidity or oppose the use of a trade mark subsequent to his own trade mark, of which he has knowingly tolerated the use for a substantial length of time, unless the application for the subsequent trade mark was made in bad faith.

(30) In order to ensure legal certainty and safeguard legitimately acquired trade mark rights, it is appropriate and necessary to provide that, without prejudice to the principle that the later trade mark cannot be enforced against the earlier trade mark, proprietors of earlier trade marks should not be entitled to obtain refusal or invalidation or to oppose the use of a later trade mark if the later trade mark was acquired at a time when the earlier trade mark was liable to be declared invalid or revoked, for example because it had not yet acquired distinctiveness through use, or if the earlier trade mark could not be enforced against the later trade mark because the necessary conditions were not applicable, for example when the earlier mark had not yet obtained a reputation.

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(31) Trade marks fulfil their purpose of distinguishing goods or services and allowing consumers to make informed choices only when they are actually used on the market. A requirement of use is also necessary in order to reduce the total number of trade marks registered and protected in the Union and, consequently, the number of conflicts which arise between them. It is therefore essential to require that registered trade marks actually be used in connection with the goods or services for which they are registered, or, if not used in that connection within five years of the date of the completion of the registration procedure, be liable to be revoked.

(32) Consequently, a registered trade mark should only be protected in so far as it is actually used and a registered earlier trade mark should not enable its proprietor to oppose or invalidate a later trade mark if that proprietor has not put his trade mark to genuine use. Furthermore, Member States should provide that a trade mark may not be successfully invoked in infringement proceedings if it is established, as a result of a plea, that the trade mark could be revoked or, when the action is brought against a later right, could have been revoked at the time when the later right was acquired.

(33)It is appropriate to provide that, where the seniority of a national mark or a trade mark registered under internat-ional arrangements having effect in the Member State has been claimed for an EU trade mark and the mark providing the basis for the seniority claim has thereafter been surrendered or allowed to lapse, the validity of that mark can still be challenged. Such a challenge should be limited to situations where the mark could have been declared invalid or revoked at the time it was removed from the register.

(34) For reasons of coherence and in order to facilitate the commercial exploitation of trade marks in the Union, the rules applicable to trade marks as objects of property should be aligned to the extent appropriate with those already in place for EU trade marks, and should include rules on assignment and transfer, licensing, rights in rem and levy of execution.

(35) Collective trade marks have proven a useful instrument for promoting goods or services with specific common properties. It is therefore appropriate to subject national collective trade marks to rules similar to the rules applicable to European Union collective marks.

(36) In order to improve and facilitate access to trade mark protection and to increase legal certainty and predictability, the procedure for the registration of trade marks in the Member States should be efficient and transparent and should follow rules similar to those applicable to EU trade marks.

(37) In order to ensure legal certainty with regard to the scope of trade mark rights and to facilitate access to trade mark protection, the designation and classification of goods and services covered by a trade mark application should follow the same rules in all Member States and should be aligned to those applicable to EU trade marks. In order to enable the competent authorities and economic operators to determine the extent of the trade mark protection sought on the basis of the application alone, the designation of goods and services should be sufficiently clear and precise. The use of general terms should be interpreted as including only goods and services clearly covered by the literal meaning of a term. In the interest of clarity and legal certainty, the Member States' central industrial property offices and the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property should, in cooperation with each other, endeavour to compile a list reflecting their respective administrative practices with regard to the classification of goods and services.

(38) For the purpose of ensuring effective trade mark protection, Member States should make available an efficient administrative opposition procedure, allowing at least the proprietor of earlier trade mark rights and any person authorised under the relevant law to exercise the rights arising from a protected designation of origin or a geographical indication to oppose the registration of a trade mark application. Furthermore, in order to offer efficient means of revoking trademarks or declaring them invalid, Member States should provide for an adminis-trative procedure for revocation or declaration of invalidity within the longer transposition period of seven years, after the entry into force of this Directive.

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(39) It is desirable that Member States' central industrial property offices and the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property cooperate with each other and with the European Union Intellectual Property Office in all fields of trade mark registration and administration in order to promote convergence of practices and tools, such as the creation and updating of common or connected databases and portals for consultation and search purposes. The Member States should further ensure that their offices cooperate with each other and with the European Union Intellectual Property Office in all other areas of their activities which are relevant for the protection of trade marks in the Union.

(40) This Directive should not exclude the application to trade marks of provisions of law of the Member States other than trade mark law, such as provisions relating to unfair competition, civil liability or consumer protection.

(41) Member States are bound by the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (‘the Paris Convention’) and the TRIPS Agreement. It is necessary that this Directive be entirely consistent with that Convention and that Agreement. The obligations of the Member States resulting from that Convention and that Agreement should not be affected by this Directive. Where appropriate, the second paragraph of Article 351 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should apply.

(42) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely to foster and create a well-functioning internal market and to facilitate the registration, administration and protection of trade marks in the Union to the benefit of growth and competitiveness, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of propor-tionality as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.

(43) Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (1) governs the processing of personal data carried out in the Member States in the context of this Directive.

(44) The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 28(2) of Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2) and delivered an opinion on 11 July 2013.

(45) The obligation to transpose this Directive into national law should be confined to those provisions which represent a substantive amendment as compared with the earlier Directive. The obligation to transpose the provisions which are unchanged arises under the earlier Directive.

(46) This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States under Directive 2008/95/EC relating to the time limit for transposition of Council Directive 89/104/EEC (3) into national law as set out in Part B of Annex I to Directive 2008/95/EC,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1

Scope

This Directive applies to every trade mark in respect of goods or services which is the subject of registration or of an application for registration in a Member State as an individual trade mark, a guarantee or certification mark or a collective mark, or which is the subject of a registration or an application for registration in the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property or of an international registration having effect in a Member State.

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the European Union (1)Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31). (2)Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1). (3)First Council Directive 89/104/EEC of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (OJ L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 1).

Article 2

Definitions For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions apply:

(a) ‘office’ means the central industrial property office of the Member State or the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property, entrusted with the registration of trade marks;

(b) ‘register’ means the register of trade marks kept by an office.

CHAPTER 2

SUBSTANTIVE LAW ON TRADE MARKS

SECTION 1

Signs of which a trade mark may consist

Article 3

Signs of which a trade mark may consist

A trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of: (a) distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings; and

(b) being represented on the register in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.

SECTION 2

Grounds for refusal or invalidity

Article 4

Absolute grounds for refusal or invalidity

1.The following shall not be registered or, if registered, shall be liable to be declared invalid:

(a) signs which cannot constitute a trade mark;

(b) trade marks which are devoid of any distinctive character;

(c) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin, or the time of production of the goods or of rendering of the service, or other characteristics of the goods or services;

(d) trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or indications which have become customary in the current language or in the bona fide and established practices of the trade;

(e) signs which consist exclusively of:

(i) the shape, or another characteristic, which results from the nature of the goods themselves;

(ii) the shape, or another characteristic, of goods which is necessary to obtain a technical result;

(iii) the shape, or another characteristic, which gives substantial value to the goods;

(f) trade marks which are contrary to public policy or to accepted principles of morality;

(g) trade marks which are of such a nature as to deceive the public, for instance, as to the nature, quality or geographical origin of the goods or service;

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(h) trade marks which have not been authorised by the competent authorities and are to be refused or invalidated pursuant to Article 6ter of the Paris Convention;

(i) trade marks which are excluded from registration pursuant to Union legislation or the national law of the Member State concerned, or to international agreements to which the Union or the Member State concerned is party, providing for protection of designations of origin and geographical indications;

(j) trade marks which are excluded from registration pursuant to Union legislation or international agreements to which the Union is party, providing for protection of traditional terms for wine;

(k) trade marks which are excluded from registration pursuant to Union legislation or international agreements to which the Union is party, providing for protection of traditional specialities guaranteed;

(l) trade marks which consist of, or reproduce in their essential elements, an earlier plant variety denomination registered in accordance with Union legislation or the national law of the Member State concerned, or international agreements to which the Union or the Member State concerned is party, providing protection for plant variety rights, and which are in respect of plant varieties of the same or closely related species.

2. A trade mark shall be liable to be declared invalid where the application for registration of the trade mark was made in bad faith by the applicant. Any Member State may also provide that such a trade mark is not to be registered.

3.Any Member State may provide that a trade mark is not to be registered or, if registered, is liable to be declared invalid where and to the extent that:

(a) the use of that trade mark may be prohibited pursuant to provisions of law other than trade mark law of the Member State concerned or of the Union;

(b) the trade mark includes a sign of high symbolic value, in particular a religious symbol;

(c) the trade mark includes badges, emblems and escutcheons other than those covered by Article 6ter of the Paris Convention and which are of public interest, unless the consent of the competent authority to their registration has been given in conformity with the law of the Member State.

4. A trade mark shall not be refused registration in accordance with paragraph 1(b), (c) or (d) if, before the date of application for registration, following the use which has been made of it, it has acquired a distinctive character. A trade mark shall not be declared invalid for the same reasons if, before the date of application for a declaration of invalidity, following the use which has been made of it, it has acquired a distinctive character.

5.Any Member State may provide that paragraph 4 is also to apply where the distinctive character was acquired after the date of application for registration but before the date of registration.

Article 5

Relative grounds for refusal or invalidity

1. A trade mark shall not be registered or, if registered, shall be liable to be declared invalid where:

(a) it is identical with an earlier trade mark, and the goods or services for which the trade mark is applied for or is registered are identical with the goods or services for which the earlier trade mark is protected;

(b) because of its identity with, or similarity to, the earlier trade mark and the identity or similarity of the goods or services covered by the trade marks, there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public; the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association with the earlier trade mark.

2.‘Earlier trade marks’ within the meaning of paragraph 1 means:

(a) trade marks of the following kinds with a date of application for registration which is earlier than the date of application for registration of the trade mark, taking account, where appropriate, of the priorities claimed in respect of those trade marks:

(i) EU trade marks;

(ii) trade marks registered in the Member State concerned or, in the case of Belgium, Luxembourg or the Netherlands, at the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property;

(iii) trade marks registered under international arrangements which have effect in the Member State concerned; 23.12.2015

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(b) EU trade marks which validly claim seniority, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 207/2009, of a trade mark referred to in points (a)(ii) and (iii), even when the latter trade mark has been surrendered or allowed to lapse; (c) applications for the trade marks referred to in points (a) and (b), subject to their registration;

(d) trade marks which, on the date of application for registration of the trade mark, or, where appropriate, of the priority claimed in respect of the application for registration of the trade mark, are well known in the Member State concerned, in the sense in which the words ‘well-known’ are used in Article 6bis of the Paris Convention.

3.Furthermore, a trade mark shall not be registered or, if registered, shall be liable to be declared invalid where:

(a) it is identical with, or similar to, an earlier trade mark irrespective of whether the goods or services for which it is applied or registered are identical with, similar to or not similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is registered, where the earlier trade mark has a reputation in the Member State in respect of which registration is applied for or in which the trade mark is registered or, in the case of an EU trade mark, has a reputation in the Union and the use of the later trade mark without due cause would take unfair advantage of, or be detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the earlier trade mark;

(b) an agent or representative of the proprietor of the trade mark applies for registration thereof in his own name without the proprietor's authorisation, unless the agent or representative justifies his action;

(c) and to the extent that, pursuant to Union legislation or the law of the Member State concerned providing for protection of designations of origin and geographical indications:

(i) an application for a designation of origin or a geographical indication had already been submitted in accordance with Union legislation or the law of the Member State concerned prior to the date of application for registration of the trade mark or the date of the priority claimed for the application, subject to its subsequent registration; (ii) that designation of origin or geographical indication confers on the person authorised under the relevant law to exercise the rights arising therefrom the right to prohibit the use of a subsequent trade mark.

4.Any Member State may provide that a trade mark is not to be registered or, if registered, is liable to be declared invalid where, and to the extent that:

(a) rights to a non-registered trade mark or to another sign used in the course of trade were acquired prior to the date of application for registration of the subsequent trade mark, or the date of the priority claimed for the application for registration of the subsequent trade mark, and that non-registered trade mark or other sign confers on its proprietor the right to prohibit the use of a subsequent trade mark;

(b) the use of the trade mark may be prohibited by virtue of an earlier right, other than the rights referred to in paragraph 2 and point (a) of this paragraph, and in particular:

(i) a right to a name;

(ii) a right of personal portrayal;

(iii) a copyright;

(iv) an industrial property right;

(c) the trade mark is liable to be confused with an earlier trade mark protected abroad, provided that, at the date of the application, the applicant was acting in bad faith.

5.The Member States shall ensure that in appropriate circumstances there is no obligation to refuse registration or to declare a trade mark invalid where the proprietor of the earlier trade mark or other earlier right consents to the registration of the later trade mark.

6.Any Member State may provide that, by way of derogation from paragraphs 1 to 5, the grounds for refusal of registration or invalidity in force in that Member State prior to the date of the entry into force of the provisions necessary to comply with Directive 89/104/EEC are to apply to trade marks for which an application has been made prior to that date.

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Establishment a posteriori of invalidity or revocation of a trade mark

Where the seniority of a national trade mark or of a trade mark registered under international arrangements having effect in the Member State, which has been surrendered or allowed to lapse, is claimed for an EU trade mark, the invalidity or revocation of the trade mark providing the basis for the seniority claim may be established a posteriori, provided that the invalidity or revocation could have been declared at the time the mark was surrendered or allowed to lapse. In such a case, the seniority shall cease to produce its effects.

Article 7

Grounds for refusal or invalidity relating to only some of the goods or services

Where grounds for refusal of registration or for invalidity of a trade mark exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which that trade mark has been applied or registered, refusal of registration or invalidity shall cover those goods or services only.

Article 8

Lack of distinctive character or of reputation of an earlier trade mark precluding a declaration of invalidity of a

registered trade mark

An application for a declaration of invalidity on the basis of an earlier trade mark shall not succeed at the date of application for invalidation if it would not have been successful at the filing date or the priority date of the later trade mark for any of the following reasons:

(a) the earlier trade mark, liable to be declared invalid pursuant to Article 4(1)(b), (c) or (d), had not yet acquired a

distinctive character as referred to in Article 4(4);

(b) the application for a declaration of invalidity is based on Article 5(1)(b) and the earlier trade mark had not yet

become sufficiently distinctive to support a finding of likelihood of confusion within the meaning of Article 5(1)(b);

(c) the application for a declaration of invalidity is based on Article 5(3)(a) and the earlier trade mark had not yet

acquired a reputation within the meaning of Article 5(3)(a).

Article 9

Preclusion of a declaration of invalidity due to acquiescence

1.Where, in a Member State, the proprietor of an earlier trade mark as referred to in Article 5(2) or Article 5(3)(a) has acquiesced, for a period of five successive years, in the use of a later trade mark registered in that Member State while being aware of such use, that proprietor shall no longer be entitled on the basis of the earlier trade mark to apply for a declaration that the later trade mark is invalid in respect of the goods or services for which the later trade mark has been used, unless registration of the later trade mark was applied for in bad faith.

2.Member States may provide that paragraph 1 of this Article is to apply to the proprietor of any other earlier right referred to in Article 5(4)(a) or (b).

3.In the cases referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, the proprietor of a later registered trade mark shall not be entitled to oppose the use of the earlier right, even though that right may no longer be invoked against the later trade mark.

Rights conferred and limitations

Article 10

Rights conferred by a trade mark

1.The registration of a trade mark shall confer on the proprietor exclusive rights therein.

2.Without prejudice to the rights of proprietors acquired before the filing date or the priority date of the registered trade mark, the proprietor of that registered trade mark shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in the course of trade, in relation to goods or services, any sign where:

(a) the sign is identical with the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with those

for which the trade mark is registered;

(b) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are

identical with, or similar to, the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, if there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public; the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association between the sign and the trade mark;

(c) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark irrespective of whether it is used in relation to goods or

services which are identical with, similar to, or not similar to, those for which the trade mark is registered, where the latter has a reputation in the Member State and where use of that sign without due cause takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark.

3.The following, in particular, may be prohibited under paragraph 2:

(a) affixing the sign to the goods or to the packaging thereof;

(b) offering the goods or putting them on the market, or stocking them for those purposes, under the sign, or offering

or supplying services thereunder;

(c) importing or exporting the goods under the sign;

(d) using the sign as a trade or company name or part of a trade or company name;

(e) using the sign on business papers and in advertising;

(f) using the sign in comparative advertising in a manner that is contrary to Directive 2006/114/EC.

4.Without prejudice to the rights of proprietors acquired before the filing date or the priority date of the registered trade mark, the proprietor of that registered trade mark shall also be entitled to prevent all third parties from bringing goods, in the course of trade, into the Member State where the trade mark is registered, without being released for free circulation there, where such goods, including the packaging thereof, come from third countries and bear without auth-orisation a trade mark which is identical with the trade mark registered in respect of such goods, or which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from that trade mark.

The entitlement of the trade mark proprietor pursuant to the first subparagraph shall lapse if, during the proceedings to determine whether the registered trade mark has been infringed, initiated in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 608/2013, evidence is provided by the declarant or the holder of the goods that the proprietor of the registered trade mark is not entitled to prohibit the placing of the goods on the market in the country of final destination.

5.Where, under the law of a Member State, the use of a sign under the conditions referred to in paragraph 2 (b) or (c) could not be prohibited before the date of entry into force of the provisions necessary to comply with Directive 89/104/EEC in the Member State concerned, the rights conferred by the trade mark may not be relied on to prevent the continued use of the sign.

6.Paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 5 shall not affect provisions in any Member State relating to the protection against the use of a sign other than use for the purposes of distinguishing goods or services, where use of that sign without due cause takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark.

The right to prohibit preparatory acts in relation to the use of packaging or other means

Where the risk exists that the packaging, labels, tags, security or authenticity features or devices, or any other means to which the trade mark is affixed, could be used in relation to goods or services and that use would constitute an infringement of the rights of the proprietor of a trade mark under Article 10(2) and (3), the proprietor of that trade mark shall have the right to prohibit the following acts if carried out in the course of trade:

(a) affixing a sign identical with, or similar to, the trade mark on packaging, labels, tags, security or authenticity features

or devices, or any other means to which the mark may be affixed;

(b) offering or placing on the market, or stocking for those purposes, or importing or exporting, packaging, labels, tags,

security or authenticity features or devices, or any other means to which the mark is affixed.

Article 12

Reproduction of trade marks in dictionaries

If the reproduction of a trade mark in a dictionary, encyclopaedia or similar reference work, in print or electronic form, gives the impression that it constitutes the generic name of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, the publisher of the work shall, at the request of the proprietor of the trade mark, ensure that the reproduction of the trade mark is, without delay, and in the case of works in printed form at the latest in the next edition of the publication, accompanied by an indication that it is a registered trade mark.

Article 13

Prohibition of the use of a trade mark registered in the name of an agent or representative

1.Where a trade mark is registered in the name of the agent or representative of a person who is the proprietor of that trade mark, without the proprietor's consent, the latter shall be entitled to do either or both of the following:

(a) oppose the use of the trade mark by his agent or representative;

(b) demand the assignment of the trade mark in his favour.

2.Paragraph 1 shall not apply where the agent or representative justifies his action.

Article 14

Limitation of the effects of a trade mark

1. A trade mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit a third party from using, in the course of trade:

(a) the name or address of the third party, where that third party is a natural person;

(b) signs or indications which are not distinctive or which concern the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value,

geographical origin, the time of production of goods or of rendering of the service, or other characteristics of goods or services;

(c) the trade mark for the purpose of identifying or referring to goods or services as those of the proprietor of that

trade mark, in particular, where the use of the trade mark is necessary to indicate the intended purpose of a product or service, in particular as accessories or spare parts.

2.Paragraph 1 shall only apply where the use made by the third party is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters.

3. A trade mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit a third party from using, in the course of trade, an earlier right which only applies in a particular locality, if that right is recognised by the law of the Member State in question and the use of that right is within the limits of the territory in which it is recognised.

Exhaustion of the rights conferred by a trade mark

1. A trade mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit its use in relation to goods which have been put on the market in the Union under that trade mark by the proprietor or with the proprietor's consent.

2.Paragraph 1 shall not apply where there exist legitimate reasons for the proprietor to oppose further commerciali-sation of the goods, especially where the condition of the goods is changed or impaired after they have been put on the market.

Article 16

Use of trade marks

1.If, within a period of five years following the date of the completion of the registration procedure, the proprietor has not put the trade mark to genuine use in the Member State in connection with the goods or services in respect of which it is registered, or if such use has been suspended during a continuous five-year period, the trade mark shall be subject to the limits and sanctions provided for in Article 17, Article 19(1), Article 44(1) and (2), and Article 46(3) and (4), unless there are proper reasons for non-use.

2.Where a Member State provides for opposition proceedings following registration, the five-year period referred to in paragraph 1 shall be calculated from the date when the mark can no longer be opposed or, in the event that an opposition has been lodged, from the date when a decision terminating the opposition proceedings became final or the opposition was withdrawn.

3.With regard to trade marks registered under international arrangements and having effect in the Member State, the five-year period referred to in paragraph 1 shall be calculated from the date when the mark can no longer be rejected or opposed. Where an opposition has been lodged or when an objection on absolute or relative grounds has been notified, the period shall be calculated from the date when a decision terminating the opposition proceedings or a ruling on absolute or relative grounds for refusal became final or the opposition was withdrawn.

4.The date of commencement of the five-year period, as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, shall be entered in the register.

5.The following shall also constitute use within the meaning of paragraph 1:

(a) use of the trade mark in a form differing in elements which do not alter the distinctive character of the mark in the

form in which it was registered, regardless of whether or not the trade mark in the form as used is also registered in the name of the proprietor;

(b) affixing of the trade mark to goods or to the packaging thereof in the Member State concerned solely for export

purposes.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f1189993.html,e of the trade mark with the consent of the proprietor shall be deemed to constitute use by the proprietor.

Article 17

Non-use as defence in infringement proceedings

The proprietor of a trade mark shall be entitled to prohibit the use of a sign only to the extent that the proprietor's rights are not liable to be revoked pursuant to Article 19 at the time the infringement action is brought. If the defendant so requests, the proprietor of the trade mark shall furnish proof that, during the five-year period preceding the date of bringing the action, the trade mark has been put to genuine use as provided in Article 16 in connection with the goods or services in respect of which it is registered and which are cited as justification for the action, or that there are proper reasons for non-use, provided that the registration procedure of the trade mark has at the date of bringing the action been completed for not less than five years.

Article 18

Intervening right of the proprietor of a later registered trade mark as defence in infringement proceedings

1.In infringement proceedings, the proprietor of a trade mark shall not be entitled to prohibit the use of a later registered mark where that later trade mark would not be declared invalid pursuant to Article 8, Article 9(1) or (2) or Article 46(3).

2.In infringement proceedings, the proprietor of a trade mark shall not be entitled to prohibit the use of a later registered EU trade mark where that later trade mark would not be declared invalid pursuant to Article 53(1), (3) or (4), 54(1) or (2) or 57(2) of Regulation (EC) No 207/2009.

3.Where the proprietor of a trade mark is not entitled to prohibit the use of a later registered trade mark pursuant to paragraph 1 or 2, the proprietor of that later registered trade mark shall not be entitled to prohibit the use of the earlier trade mark in infringement proceedings, even though that earlier right may no longer be invoked against the later trade mark.

SECTION 4

Revocation of trade mark rights

Article 19

Absence of genuine use as ground for revocation

1. A trade mark shall be liable to revocation if, within a continuous five-year period, it has not been put to genuine use in the Member State in connection with the goods or services in respect of which it is registered, and there are no proper reasons for non-use.

2.No person may claim that the proprietor's rights in a trade mark should be revoked where, during the interval between expiry of the five-year period and filing of the application for revocation, genuine use of the trade mark has been started or resumed.

3.The commencement or resumption of use within the three-month period preceding the filing of the application for revocation which began at the earliest on expiry of the continuous five-year period of non-use shall be disregarded where preparations for the commencement or resumption occur only after the proprietor becomes aware that the application for revocation may be filed.

Article 20

Trade mark having become generic or misleading indication as grounds for revocation

A trade mark shall be liable to revocation if, after the date on which it was registered:

(a) as a result of acts or inactivity of the proprietor, it has become the common name in the trade for a product or

service in respect of which it is registered;

(b) as a result of the use made of it by the proprietor of the trade mark or with the proprietor's consent in respect of

the goods or services for which it is registered, it is liable to mislead the public, particularly as to the nature, quality or geographical origin of those goods or services.

Article 21

Revocation relating to only some of the goods or services

Where grounds for revocation of a trade mark exist in respect of only some of the goods or services for which that trade mark has been registered, revocation shall cover those goods or services only.

SECTION 5

Trade marks as objects of property

Article 22

Transfer of registered trade marks

1. A trade mark may be transferred, separately from any transfer of the undertaking, in respect of some or all of the goods or services for which it is registered.

2. A transfer of the whole of the undertaking shall include the transfer of the trade mark except where there is agreement to the contrary or circumstances clearly dictate otherwise. This provision shall apply to the contractual obligation to transfer the undertaking.

3.Member States shall have procedures in place to allow for the recordal of transfers in their registers.

Article 23

Rights in rem

1. A trade mark may, independently of the undertaking, be given as security or be the subject of rights in rem.

2.Member States shall have procedures in place to allow for the recordal of rights in rem in their registers.

Article 24

Levy of execution

1. A trade mark may be levied in execution.

2.Member States shall have procedures in place to allow for the recordal of levy of execution in their registers.

Article 25

Licensing

1. A trade mark may be licensed for some or all of the goods or services for which it is registered and for the whole or part of the Member State concerned. A licence may be exclusive or non-exclusive.

2.The proprietor of a trade mark may invoke the rights conferred by that trade mark against a licensee who contravenes any provision in his licensing contract with regard to:

(a) its duration;

(b) the form covered by the registration in which the trade mark may be used;

(c) the scope of the goods or services for which the licence is granted;

(d) the territory in which the trade mark may be affixed; or

(e) the quality of the goods manufactured or of the services provided by the licensee.

3.Without prejudice to the provisions of the licensing contract, the licensee may bring proceedings for infringement of a trade mark only if its proprietor consents thereto. However, the holder of an exclusive licence may bring such proceedings if the proprietor of the trade mark, after formal notice, does not himself bring infringement proceedings within an appropriate period.

4. A licensee shall, for the purpose of obtaining compensation for damage suffered by him, be entitled to intervene in infringement proceedings brought by the proprietor of the trade mark.

5.Member States shall have procedures in place to allow for the recordal of licences in their registers.

Article 26

Applications for a trade mark as an object of property

Articles 22 to 25 shall apply to applications for trade marks.

SECTION 6

Guarantee or certification marks and collective marks

Article 27

Definitions

For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions apply:

(a) ‘guarantee or certification mark’ means a trade mark which is described as such when the mark is applied for and is

capable of distinguishing goods or services which are certified by the proprietor of the mark in respect of material, mode of manufacture of goods or performance of services, quality, accuracy or other characteristics, from goods and services which are not so certified;

(b) ‘collective mark’ means a trade mark which is described as such when the mark is applied for and is capable of

distinguishing the goods or services of the members of an association which is the proprietor of the mark from the goods or services of other undertakings.

Article 28

Guarantee or certification marks

1.Member States may provide for the registration of guarantee or certification marks.

2.Any natural or legal person, including institutions, authorities and bodies governed by public law, may apply for guarantee or certification marks provided that such person does not carry on a business involving the supply of goods or services of the kind certified.

Member States may provide that a guarantee or certification mark is not to be registered unless the applicant is competent to certify the goods or services for which the mark is to be registered.

3.Member States may provide that guarantee or certification marks are not to be registered, or are to be revoked or declared invalid, on grounds other than those specified in Articles 4, 19 and 20, where the function of those marks so requires.

4.By way of derogation from Article 4(1)(c), Member States may provide that signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services may constitute guarantee or certification marks. Such a guarantee or certification mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit a third party from using in the course of trade such signs or indications, provided that third party uses them in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters. In particular, such a mark may not be invoked against a third party who is entitled to use a geographical name.

5.The requirements laid down in Article 16 shall be satisfied where genuine use of a guarantee or certification mark in accordance with Article 16 is made by any person who has the authority to use it.

Article 29

Collective marks

1.Member States shall provide for the registration of collective marks.

2.Associations of manufacturers, producers, suppliers of services or traders, which, under the terms of the law governing them, have the capacity in their own name to have rights and obligations, to make contracts or accomplish other legal acts, and to sue and be sued, as well as legal persons governed by public law, may apply for collective marks.

3.By way of derogation from Article 4(1)(c), Member States may provide that signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services may constitute collective marks. Such a collective mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit a third party from using, in the course of trade, such signs or indications, provided that third party uses them in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters. In particular, such a mark may not be invoked against a third party who is entitled to use a geographical name.

Article 30

Regulations governing use of a collective mark 1.An applicant for a collective mark shall submit the regulations governing its use to the office.

2.The regulations governing use shall specify at least the persons authorised to use the mark, the conditions of membership of the association and the conditions of use of the mark, including sanctions. The regulations governing use of a mark referred to in Article 29(3) shall authorise any person whose goods or services originate in the geographical area concerned to become a member of the association which is the proprietor of the mark, provided that the person fulfils all the other conditions of the regulations.

Article 31

Refusal of an application

1.In addition to the grounds for refusal of a trade mark application provided for in Article 4, where appropriate with the exception of Article 4(1)(c) concerning signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services, and Article 5,and without prejudice to the right of an office not to undertake examination ex officio of relative grounds, an application for a collective mark shall be refused where the provisions of point (b) of Article 27, Article 29 or Article 30 are not satisfied, or where the regulations governing use of that collective mark are contrary to public policy or to accepted principles of morality.

2.An application for a collective mark shall also be refused if the public is liable to be misled as regards the character or the significance of the mark, in particular if it is likely to be taken to be something other than a collective mark.

3.An application shall not be refused if the applicant, as a result of amendment of the regulations governing use of the collective mark, meets the requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.

Article 32

Use of collective marks

The requirements of Article 16 shall be satisfied where genuine use of a collective mark in accordance with that Article is made by any person who has authority to use it.

Article 33

Amendments to the regulations governing use of a collective mark

1.The proprietor of a collective mark shall submit to the office any amended regulations governing use.

2.Amendments to the regulations governing use shall be mentioned in the register unless the amended regulations do not satisfy the requirements of Article 30 or involve one of the grounds for refusal referred to in Article 31.

3.For the purposes of this Directive, amendments to the regulations governing use shall take effect only from the date of entry of the mention of those amendments in the register.

Article 34

Persons entitled to bring an action for infringement

1.Article 25(3) and (4) shall apply to every person who has the authority to use a collective mark.

2.The proprietor of a collective mark shall be entitled to claim compensation on behalf of persons who have authority to use the mark where those persons have sustained damage as a result of unauthorised use of the mark. 2

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Article 35

Additional grounds for revocation In addition to the grounds for revocation provided for in Articles 19 and 20, the rights of the proprietor of a collective mark shall be revoked on the following grounds:

(a) the proprietor does not take reasonable steps to prevent the mark being used in a manner that is incompatible with the conditions of use laid down in the regulations governing use, including any amendments thereto mentioned in the register;

(b) the manner in which the mark has been used by authorised persons has caused it to become liable to mislead the public in the manner referred to in Article 31(2);

(c) an amendment to the regulations governing use of the mark has been mentioned in the register in breach of Article 33(2), unless the proprietor of the mark, by further amending the regulations governing use, complies with the requirements of that Article.

Article 36

Additional grounds for invalidity

In addition to the grounds for invalidity provided for in Article 4, where appropriate with the exception of Article 4(1)(c) concerning signs or indications which may serve, in trade, to designate the geographical origin of the goods or services, and Article 5, a collective mark which is registered in breach of Article 31 shall be declared invalid unless the proprietor of the mark, by amending the regulations governing use, complies with the requirements of Article 31.

CHAPTER 3

PROCEDURES

SECTION 1

Application and registration

Article 37

Application requirements

1.An application for registration of a trade mark shall contain at least all of the following:

(a) a request for registration;

(b) information identifying the applicant;

(c) a list of the goods or services in respect of which the registration is requested;

(d) a representation of the trade mark, which satisfies the requirements set out in point (b) of Article 3.

2.The application for a trade mark shall be subject to the payment of a fee determined by the Member State concerned.

Article 38

Date of filing

1.The date of filing of a trade mark application shall be the date on which the documents containing the information specified in Article 37(1) are filed with the office by the applicant.

2.Member States may, in addition, provide that the accordance of the date of filing is to be subject to the payment of a fee as referred to in Article 37(2).

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Article 39

Designation and classification of goods and services 1.The goods and services in respect of which trade mark registration is applied for shall be classified in conformity with the system of classification established by the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks of 15 June 1957 (‘the Nice Classification’).

2.The goods and services for which protection is sought shall be identified by the applicant with sufficient clarity and precision to enable the competent authorities and economic operators, on that sole basis, to determine the extent of the protection sought.

3.For the purposes of paragraph 2, the general indications included in the class headings of the Nice Classification or other general terms may be used, provided that they comply with the requisite standards of clarity and precision set out in this Article.

4.The office shall reject an application in respect of indications or terms which are unclear or imprecise, where the applicant does not suggest an acceptable wording within a period set by the office to that effect.

5.The use of general terms, including the general indications of the class headings of the Nice Classification, shall be interpreted as including all the goods or services clearly covered by the literal meaning of the indication or term. The use of such terms or indications shall not be interpreted as comprising a claim to goods or services which cannot be so understood.

6.Where the applicant requests registration for more than one class, the applicant shall group the goods and services according to the classes of the Nice Classification, each group being preceded by the number of the class to which that group of goods or services belongs, and shall present them in the order of the classes.

7.Goods and services shall not be regarded as being similar to each other on the ground that they appear in the same class under the Nice Classification. Goods and services shall not be regarded as being dissimilar from each other on the ground that they appear in different classes under the Nice Classification.

Article 40

Observations by third parties

1.Member States may provide that prior to registration of a trade mark, any natural or legal person and any group or body representing manufacturers, producers, suppliers of services, traders or consumers may submit to the office written observations, explaining on which grounds the trade mark should not be registered ex officio .

Persons and groups or bodies, as referred to in the first subparagraph, shall not be parties to the proceedings before the office.

2.In addition to the grounds referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, any natural or legal person and any group or body representing manufacturers, producers, suppliers of services, traders or consumers may submit to the office written observations based on the particular grounds on which the application for a collective mark should be refused under Article 31(1) and (2). This provision may be extended to cover certification and guarantee marks where regulated in Member States.

Article 41

Division of applications and registrations

The applicant or proprietor may divide a national trade mark application or registration into two or more separate applications or registrations by sending a declaration to the office and indicating for each divisional application or registration the goods or services covered by the original application or registration which are to be covered by the divisional applications or registrations.

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Article 42

Class fees

Member States may provide that the application and renewal of a trade mark is to be subject to an additional fee for each class of goods and services beyond the first class.

SECTION 2

Procedures for opposition, revocation and invalidity

Article 43

Opposition procedure

1.Member States shall provide for an efficient and expeditious administrative procedure before their offices for opposing the registration of a trade mark application on the grounds provided for in Article 5.

2.The administrative procedure referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall at least provide that the proprietor of an earlier trade mark as referred to in Article 5(2) and Article 5(3)(a), and the person authorised under the relevant law to exercise the rights arising from a protected designation of origin or geographical indication as referred to in Article 5(3)(c) shall be entitled to file a notice of opposition. A notice of opposition may be filed on the basis of one or more earlier rights, provided that they all belong to the same proprietor, and on the basis of part or the totality of the goods or services in respect of which the earlier right is protected or applied for, and may be directed against part or the totality of the goods or services in respect of which the contested mark is applied for.

3.The parties shall be granted, at their joint request, a minimum of two months in the opposition proceedings in order to allow for the possibility of a friendly settlement between the opposing party and the applicant.

Article 44

Non-use as defence in opposition proceedings

1.In opposition proceedings pursuant to Article 43, where at the filing date or date of priority of the later trade mark, the five-year period within which the earlier trade mark must have been put to genuine use as provided for in Article 16 had expired, at the request of the applicant, the proprietor of the earlier trade mark who has given notice of opposition shall furnish proof that the earlier trade mark has been put to genuine use as provided for in Article 16 during the five-year period preceding the filing date or date of priority of the later trade mark, or that proper reasons for non-use existed. In the absence of proof to this effect, the opposition shall be rejected.

2.If the earlier trade mark has been used in relation to only part of the goods or services for which it is registered, it shall, for the purpose of the examination of the opposition as provided for in paragraph 1, be deemed to be registered in respect of that part of the goods or services only.

3.Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall also apply where the earlier trade mark is an EU trade mark. In such a case, the genuine use of the EU trade mark shall be determined in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EC) No 207/2009.

Article 45

Procedure for revocation or declaration of invalidity

1.Without prejudice to the right of the parties to appeal to the courts, Member States shall provide for an efficient and expeditious administrative procedure before their offices for the revocation or declaration of invalidity of a trade mark.

注册欧盟商标的注意事项

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广州商标注册流程及费用

所有的商标注册，都需要到北京商标局进行，但是相关的商标注册代理机构是可以全国注册商标的。看看知夫子小编整理的广州商标注册流程及费用： 广州商标注册流程： 第一步：商标查询 商标查询是商标注册的第一步。很多人会忽略这个部分。但是商标查询很重要，商标查询可以初步的判定商标注册的成功率。 在商标查询阶段，知夫子帮助大家进行： ①专业精准排除近似商标 ②在线生成商标注册建议函 ③多种商标解决方案均可在线咨询 第二步：商标申请提交 客户委托代理机构办理需准备的材料： 企业名义申请： ①营业执照副本复印件(加盖公章) ②商标文字或图样 个人名义申请：

①个体工商户营业执照副本复印件 ②个人身份证复印件(签字) ③商标文字或图样 第三步：商标局形式审查 第四步：受理通知书下发 第五步：实质审查 第六步：商标公告 在商标公告阶段，如果大家是委托知夫子平台的代理机构进行商标注册的话，知夫子可以： 1、将初审公告通知书快递至您的地址 2、向客户通知商标状态 注意，这个通知客户的商标状态很重要，如果公告的商标被别人提了异议的话，知夫子可以在第一时间通知到客户。 第七步：领取商标证书 在领取商标证书阶段，如果是委托知夫子平台的代理机构进行商标注册的话，知夫子平台可以： ①第一时间将商标注册证寄给你 ②通知商标注册成功 ③免费使用知夫子平台工具 以上就是在广州注册商标时需要走的流程，有任何不懂的地方，大家可以咨询知夫子(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f1189993.html,)。 广州商标注册费用：

自2017年04月1日起，商标规费降价为300元。如委托代理机还需交600~800元商标代理费。 国家商标局制定的基准代理费是每件800元(不包括到国家商标局的查询费、设计费)，近几年由于商标代理机构数量增加，市场竞争日趋激烈，不少代理机构通过压低价格来招徕客户，但代理费如果降低到600元以下，且没有足够的业务量的话，代理公司的服务质量可能没法保证。当然如果业务量大的代理公司，通过规模效应，也是可以把代理费价格降下来的。选择商标代理机构与选择商品有相同之处，那就是不仅要关注价格，更应关注品质，最聪明的消费者总是选择性价比最高的商品与服务。 只要代理费不超过1500元，报价都有其合理性。对不同的代理机构而言，代理人的专业水准、完成的申请书式的质量、为客户提供的注册服务(包括注册前与注册后)是有很大区别的，无论运营成本还是给客户带来的价值都有很大不同，因此价格自然也就差异较大。价格过低的代理机构，必然会在服务内容上大打折扣。 广州商标注册需要的材料： 1、营业执照复印件一张;个人身份申请身份证复印件一张(要求清晰)、个体户营业执照复印件一张。 2、所注册商标的商标图样十二份(大小为5-10厘米，最好为名片大小)。如商标图样为彩色，需提供彩色图样11份及黑白墨稿2份。如商标图样为黑白，需提供黑白墨稿12份。 3、公章(在申请书、委托书、协议书上加盖申请人章戳;个人签字)。 4、商标注册申请书。

对比欧盟欧盟商标的优缺点,才能利用其优势,避免劣势

对比欧盟欧盟商标的优缺点，才能利用其优势，避免劣势 欧盟是拥有28个成员国，注册欧盟商标成功的拿到商标注册证明文件之后，就可以在欧盟28个国家范围内使用，并且还能享受成员国的法律保护，依法享受商标则专用权利。 申请欧盟商标能够享受很多优惠的政策，但是欧盟商标也是存在一定的不足的，对比欧盟商标的优缺点才能充分的利用其优势，有效的避免其劣势。 申请注册欧盟商标的优势： 1、第一点就能解决众多申请人士的抱怨，注册商标费用高的问题，申请注册欧盟商标费用低，其注册费用与在其成员国中单独在任何一个国家申请而言是要低很多的。而且只需要申请一次，就能在成员国之间使用，从这一方面还能节约一定的时间成本。 2、能够在28个国家都受到相关法律的保护，并且在商标纠纷的问题上面也能得到很好的保证，在28个国家中都能实行商标的判决 3、成功注册之后的商标只在一个国家使用，也不用担心该商标会被在其余的成员国申请人抢注，当发现有人想要要以该商标未注册为理由申请注册时是可以提出异议要求其撤销商标注册。 4、享有巴黎公约优先权。同一商标用于一种或多种指定商品或服务名称，在巴黎公约成员国申请后6个月申请共同体商标时，可享有优先权

5、申请注册商标在任何一个国家已经公布注册了，那么在申请注册欧盟商标时，是可以享有优先权的 6、一件商标申请最多可涵盖3类商品或服务 申请注册欧盟商标的缺点： 1、由于其28个成员国，所存在的商标数量是非常的强大的，因而会经常出现想要注册的商标已经被注册了，或者是已经存在了近似的商标，导致注册商标的难度会增加，商标局的要求也会提高 2、商标的显著性的要求很高，太过于简单的商标，存在商标被驳回的几率很大 3、由于其异议期时，出现的异议是比较多的，进行处理就会耗时，从而导致注册欧盟商标不能有一个确切的时间，甚至出现注册时间拖延严重的情况。 伊顿法律事务所：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f1189993.html,/content/?388.html

欧盟商标注册费用标准及商标保护制度

欧盟商标注册的较大优势是费用低，企业只须提交一份申请，注册一次，即可在欧盟28个成员国使用该商标，且商标保护期限为10年，并可以续展。 近些年，中国商标在海外被抢注事件层出不穷，这让在国内拥有一定知名度的企业对海外商标的保护意识不断增强。同时，申请注册海外商标也成为众多企业进军国际市场，拓展品牌的重要一步。 在发达国家中，欧盟是商标遭遇抢注风险较高的地区。一方面欧盟各国经济开放程度相对较高、司法环境健全、社会基本稳定、治安条件良好、较少发生商业欺诈行为，吸引了越来越多的中国企业赴欧盟投资。另一方面，欧盟商标无须像美国那样，取得证书或延续商标权需要提供合法有效的使用证据。因此，欧盟成为了中国企业海外品牌保护的重点地区之一。 欧盟作为知识产权制度的诞生地，是当今世界较大的发达国家群体，欧盟国家对知识产权保护十分重视，其知识产权法律和制度都较为完善，甚至在某些方面比美国更为严格。 商标由欧盟知识产权局负责注册和管理，在欧盟各成员国具有法律效力，成员国商标体系与欧盟商标体系同时并存，互有分工。在欧盟商标注册时，同一商标用于一种或多种指定商品或服务时，在巴黎成员国申请后

六个月申请共同体商标时，可享有优先权。已经在一个欧盟成员国公布的注册商标，在申请欧盟商标时，可请求优先权。 欧盟国家商标所有人享有对该商标使用的专有权，有权阻止任何第三方未经其同意而使用该商标，且欧盟商标可以转让。商标注册后5年时间内，如未能在欧盟进行正常的商业化行为，该商标权可被驳回。新的欧盟商标法中，申请提交途径发生了变化，企业只能向欧盟知识产权局提交申请，改变了先前既可向欧盟知识产权局，也可向欧盟成员国商标机关提交申请、再由成员国商标主管机关转交至欧盟知识产权局的申请方式。另外，对商标申请的时间、费用、注册类别要求、商标标记类别、过境假冒商品侵权判定等相关条款均有大范围修改。 注册欧盟商标时，首先，由申请人向欧盟商标局或欧盟成员国商标局提出申请。其次，欧盟商标局将申请内容通知各成员国的商标主管机关，以便在同一时间进行各国的商标审查。再次，审查通过后，进入三个月的公告期。这三个月内任何第三者可以对公告的商标提出异议。较后，如果没有第三者提出异议，申请的商标可以在一年内获准注册。申请注册周期约12至15个月。 值得注意的是，文字、图案、字母、数字、商标形状、包装外观都可以注册欧盟商标，只要能把这些标记的商标或服务用途区分开。由于欧盟商标涵盖国家众多，进行商标注册时，常有被驳回的情况发生，中细软小

欧盟商标注册常见业务问题汇总(一)

欧盟商标注册常见业务问题汇总（一） 1、什么是欧盟商标？ 答：欧盟商标是指根据CTMR（欧共体商标条例）规定的条件获得OHIM（欧共体内部市场协调局）注册的，在欧盟范围内有效的，用来识别和区分商品或服务的标记。 2、怎样理解欧盟商标的统一性？ 答：欧盟商标及其注册申请在整个欧盟有效。商标申请及其相应的注册会自动延伸至所有25个成员国。把地域保护限定在某几个成员国是不可能的。而且，欧盟商标注册有一个由OHIM实行控制的注册程序，而无需各个国家工业产权局的介入。另外，任何一欧盟商标的无效、驳回或期满都会适用于整个欧盟。最后，欧盟商标是一个单一的财产。它只能作为整个欧盟（而不是单独成员国）的财产被转让。但是，一些有地域限制或其它限制的商标许可，甚至只限定于某一特定成员国的许可，是可以的。 3、欧盟商标现覆盖的25个成员国是哪些? 答：欧洲联盟之25个国家：英国、德国、法国、意大利、比利时、卢森堡、丹麦、瑞典、西班牙、葡萄牙、芬兰、希腊、奥地利、荷兰、爱尔兰、塞普勒斯，捷克，伊斯坦尼亚，匈牙利，拉脱维亚，立陶宛，马耳他，波兰，斯洛伐克，斯洛维尼亚。 4、欧盟商标超越单独成员国商标吗？ 答：欧盟商标注册体系对其成员国商标注册体系没有任何影响（包括比、荷、卢商标体系）。企业可以自由选择申请单独成员国商标注册或欧盟商标注册，也可以二者都申请。大批现有的、已在成员国获得注册的商标仍然有效。是完全依赖欧盟商标的保护，还是同时获得成员国商标和欧盟商标的双重保护，则完全取决于商标申请人和所有人的战略需要。但是，如果成员国的商标注册先于欧盟商标的注册，那么成员国商标享有在先权，反之亦然。成员国的工业产权局不会主动审查该在先权。只有在先权拥有人可以提出请求，即通过在欧盟商标公告之日起3个月内提交异议，或根据有关规定在欧盟商标注册后申请其无效。 5、如果申请被驳回的原因只涉及某一成员国，关于这种驳回是否有普遍适用的原则？ 答：是的。成员国工业产权局将驳回欧盟商标的申请，即使其驳回的理由只对该部分成员国适用。例如，如果某一商标包含使用欧盟成员国的一种官方语言的商品名称，该成员国工业产权局将驳回此申请。在先注册权会影响欧共体商标的注册，即使这种在先权只存在于一个欧盟成员国。但是，此种情况的影响不应过分被渲染。因商标包含一个不显著的、或具有描述性的、或使用欧盟一种官方语言（非世界主要贸易通用语言之一）的通用名称而被驳回的案例并不常见。如果在先权仅存在于一个成员国，那么无疑此在先权不会因他人后来申请欧盟商标注册而变得无效。在OHIM进行的提出异议和使在先权无效的程序为此类问题的妥善解决提供了足够的空间。最后，被驳回或被宣布无效或被废止的欧盟商标注册申请可改为在所有不适用驳回理由的各个欧盟成员国的商标注册申请。而该类成员国商标申请还享有欧盟商标的申请日期。 6、能否以欧盟商标注册为基础进行符合马德里议定书的国际注册？通过马德里议定书的国际注册的商标是否可以获准欧盟商标注册？ 答：就目前来讲，两个问题的答案都是否定的。欧盟目前还不是马德里议定书的签约国。尽管欧盟委员会已将欧盟加入马德里议定书和修正CTMR以对有关国际注册的程序进行调整两件事提上议事日程，欧盟理事会还未做出最后决定。 7、什么样的标记可以被注册为欧盟商标？ 答：欧盟商标可包括任何可用图表代表的标记，特别是文字，包括人名、图案、字母、数字、商品形状或其包装外观，只要这些标记能够把一种商品或服务用途同其它种类的用途区分开来。

国际商标注册流程介绍

国际商标注册流程介绍 一、国际商标申请 中国企业可以通过商标局，根据《国际商标注册马德里协定》（以下简称《协定》）和《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》（以下简称《议定书》）申请国际商标注册、并根据自己的需要在一国、多国或全部成员国内申请保护。 申请国际注册，可以直接到商标局或者邮寄办理，或者委托代理组织办理。但申请办理马德里协定成员国有关的国际商标注册的后期指定、转让、删减、放弃、注销事宜的，则必须通过商标局办理。 申请国际商标注册的,首先要在中国取得商标注册初步审定或者申请已被受理,且符合下列条件之一： 1、在中国设有真实有效的工商营业场所。 2、在中国有住所。 3、拥有中国国籍。 申请书的填写及注意事项： (一)《商标国际注册申请书》的填写 1、申请人名称:申请人是自然人的,应写明姓氏和名字;申请人是法人的,应写明中文全称及拼音(用外文译名代替拼音的,直接注册该译名)。 2、申请人详细地址:包括通信地址、门牌号码、邮政编码、电话、传真。 3、商标申请日期、申请号、商标注册日期、注册号。 4、申请人在申请书中指定有英国的,即视为其声明在英国有使用该商标意图。 注意事项： 1、国际商标注册申请是指依照协定或议定书向国际局申请,商标国际注册并应至少指定一个缔约方,但不得指定中国。 2、以商标注册或者已初步审定为基础申请国际注册的,可以指定任一协定和议定书缔约方。 3、以国内受理的商标申请为基础申请商标国际注册的,只能指定纯议定书缔约方。 4、国际商标注册申请人必须与国内商标注册人名称一致。 5、申请国际注册的商标图样必须与国内申请注册的商标图样完全相同,规格为2×2c m--8×8cm之间。如商标为彩色的,应用文字指出商标的颜色及其组合。

自行注册商标应注意的特点和流程有什么

自行注册商标应注意的特点和流程有什么注册商标有助于品牌保护，将自己的商标及时申请注册可以更早获得法律保护，从而让商标给自己带来最大的利益，那么商标可以自己去申请吗？ 自行注册商标如何办理?商标注册流程有哪些?下面我面就为您介绍一下： 商标申请注册的时候需要申请人注意的是，国内商标注册申请途径有两种，分别是自行到商标局办理和委托商标代理公司办理。如果申请人想自行到商标局办理，需要有丰富的商标申请经验。商标注册是确定商标专用权的法律依据只有经国家商标局核准注册的商标才受法律保护该商标所有人才享有商标专用权。正确理解商标注册的意义掌握商标注册的知识对开创名牌使企业立于不败之地有着非常重要的作用。 注册商标有哪些特点： 1、便于消费者认牌购物; 2、商标注册人拥有商标专用权, 受法律保护; 3、通过商标注册可以创立品牌抢先占领市场; 4、商标是一种无形资产可对其价值进行评估; 5、商标可以通过转让许可给他人使用或质押来转换实现其价值; 6、商标还是办理质检、卫检、条码等的必备条件; 7、地方各级工商局通过对商标的管理来监督商品和服务的质量。

商标注册流程有哪些? 1、商标查询。商标查询是指商标注册申请人或其代理人在提出注册申请前，对其申请的商标是否与再先权利商标有无相同或近似的查询工作。查询不是商标申请注册的必经程序，查询的范围以查询之日起已进入商标局数据库的注册商标和申请中商标为限，并且不含处于评审状态的在先权力信息，结果不具法律效力，仅仅作为参考，并不是商标局核准或驳回该申请的依据; 2、提交注册商标申请。如果您是以自然人名义提出申请，需身份证的复印件。如您是以企业做为申请人来申请注册，需《营业执照》副本复印件及公章。商标图样10张; 3、商标审查。商标审查分形式审查和实质审查。商标注册形式审查商标注册的申请日以商标局收到申请书件的日期为准，商标局受到商标申请书对于符合形式要件的申请书发放受理通知书。商标实质审查是商标注册主管机关对商标注册申请是否合乎商标法的规定所进行的检查.资料检索.分析对比.调查研究并决定给予初步审定或驳回申请等一系列活动; 4、初审公告。商标的审定是指商标注册申请经审查后，对符合《商标法》有关规定的，允许其注册的决定。并在《商标公告》中予以公告。

亚马逊美国外观专利申请流程及费用详解

亚马逊美国外观专利申请流程及费用详解美利坚合众国(United States of America)，简称美国，是一个联邦共和立宪制国家，由华盛顿哥伦比亚特区、50个州和关岛等众多海外领土组成。美国主体部分位于北美洲中部，是一个移民国家。今天小编给大家介绍一下亚马逊美国外观专利申请流程及费用详解。 进入美国专利局网站; 在打开的网页中，选择Quick Search(快速检索)或Advanced Search(高级检索);

进入页面后，选择Application Type为4(外观设计)，然后配合其他信息进行检索。此处以专利名称中包含“electronic device”为例进行说明，如下： 快速检索： 高级检索： 检索语言根据自己想要搜索的精确程度，可以可以自行更改。本文主要给大家介绍我们在提交外观专利的时候，一般需要我们提交哪些资料，而在这申请的过程中，我们一般会咨询哪些问题呢? 外观专利提交的资料: 1.美国外观专利申请所需资料： ① 外观设计图片或照片：立体视图和六面图。六面视图尺寸必须一致，必要时提供参考视图; ② 申请人的姓名、地址、邮编，身份证或护照; ③ 外观设计者声明;

④ 优先权证明文件(如果需要)。 2. 欧洲外观专利申请所需资料： ① 申请专利的公司资料，包括英文或是拼音的公司全称，公司的英文地址以及电话传真邮箱等; ② 要注册专利的产品资料以及六视图; ③ 一份申请中可以包含同一专利分类下的多个产品，费用相比分别单独申请便宜; ④ 若主张存在国内注册的优先权，需要国内已在先注册的优先权外观设计的官方证明的副本以及对应的英文或法文翻译。此类文件可在提出申请之日起三个月内提交。 3. 外观专利审查时间及有效时间 ① 美国外观专利：授权所需时间1-2年;外观专利的有效时间为专利授权日起15年;之后无年费。 ② 欧洲外观专利：授权所需时间为3-4个月，保护年限为25年

欧盟商标注册流程解析

随着世界全球经济化越发激烈的情况下，对于企业家来说维护企业的形象是需要照顾全面的，特别是在计划上市的时候维护企业知识产权尤其重要，企业一旦想突破国门走向全球，首先要做的就是注册各地商标，而欧盟商标可以说是非常有利的。 欧盟商标又称欧洲共同体商标（European Community Trade Mark, 简称CTM）。目前，欧盟共有27 个成员国。通过该种方式注册的商标同时在欧盟所有成员国中有效。 欧盟商标是指根据CTMR（欧共体商标条例）规定的条件获得OHIM（欧共体内部市场协调局）注册的，在欧盟范围内有效的，用来识别和区分商品或服务的标记。由于欧盟是一个统一的市场，所以商标获得欧盟注册后，将在欧盟各个成员国受到保护，这样就省去了繁杂的在每一个国家的注册手续。 现今阶段，欧共体成员国有27个，分别是奥地利、法国、意大利、西班牙、比利时、德国、卢森堡、瑞典、丹麦、希腊、荷兰、芬兰、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、匈牙利、波兰、捷克、斯洛文尼亚、斯洛伐克、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、马耳他、塞浦路斯、拉脱维亚、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、克罗地亚。 欧盟商标优势： 1.费用低，只须一次申请，即可在27个成员国使用所申请商标； 2.无申请人国籍或企业注册国限制； 3.受欧盟27个成员国法律保护； 4.对申请语言无限制，可使用任一成员国的语言。 欧盟商标申请条件： 无基础注册要求。国内任何希望在欧盟得到商标保护的自然人或法人。 注册所需资料： 1.委托书 2.申请人中英文名称及地址 3.商品或服务项目 4.商标图样 5.身份证复印件（个人名义）/营业执照复印件（公司名义） 注册流程： 免费商标查询--确认能否注册--准备申请材料--提交商标注册申请--下发受理通知书--进行实质查询--准许注册--进入公示区--公示区无异议--核发商标注册证书 商标检索： 受理商标注册申请后，OHIM及各成员国将进行在先商标检索，并出具检索报告。 办理时间： 1.商标检索: 需2-3天时间 2.商标受理: 约15个工作日左右收到欧盟受理回执 3.注册时间: 顺利的情况下8-12个月左右商标申请成功 有效期：10年 续展：有效期满前6个月可申请续展，续展有效期10年 以上就是本期恒通小编给各位介绍的关于欧盟商标注册的内容，有任何不明白的均可留言咨询小编，想了解更多行内知识就点击关注/订阅哦~

商标注册登记流程介绍

商标注册登记流程介绍 一般的商标只有经过了注册登记之后才能受到法律的保护，我们称之为注册商标。那么商标注册流程是怎样的？ 商标注册是一种商标法律程序。由商标注册申请人提出申请，经商标局审查后予以初步审定公告，没有人提出异议或提出异议经裁定不成立的，该商标即注册生效，受法律保护，商标注册人享有该商标的专用权。一个商标从申请到核准注册，大约需一年至一年半时间。商标注册申请的核准或驳回没有法定期限，商标局审定公告该商标，再下发商标注册证，该商标至此获得核准。商标审查的时间段随时会根据商标局内部审查速度的快慢而有所变化。注册商标的有效期限为十年，自核准注册之日起计算，注册商标有效期满，需要继续使用的，可以申请商标续展注册。 1、查询 商标查询是指商标注册申请人或其代理人在提出注册申请前，对其申请的商标是否与再先权利商标有无相同或近似的查询工作。查询不是商标申请注册的必经程序，查询的范围以查询之日起已进入商标局数据库的注册商标和申请中商标为限，并且不含处于评审状态的在先权力信息，结果不具法律效力，仅仅作为参考，并不是商标局核准或驳回该商标申请的依据。以下几种情况在此说明： 1)本身缺乏显著性或属于商标法律禁注禁用的词语不能通过查询来判断其申请注册是否能被核准;

2)如有在先申请的相同或近似商标在查询时还未进入商标局数据库，因两者时间相近会使查询结果无法反映; 3)如查询报告提供了几个可能构成近似的商标，代理人只是通过一般审查标准和经验来做出分析，其意见仅供参考，并不能代表商标局的审查意见; 4)对于组合商标，如仅查询了商标的一部分(如中文或英文)，而实际申请商标中的其它部分(如图形)与他人的注册商标相同或近似也会导致商标整体被驳回; 5)委托人在查询时仅提供了商标的名称，但实际申请时所提供的商标设计稿中由于字体、色彩、结构或排列的差异，也会导致查询结果不能完全反映相同或近似的程度。 2、审查 商标审查分形式审查和实质审查。 ①商标形式审查(3—4个月)，确立申请日十分重要,由于我国商标注册采用申请在先原则,一旦发生申请日的先后成为确定商标权的法律依据,商标注册的申请日以商标局收到申请书件的日期为准，商标局收到商标申请书对于符合形式要件的申请书发放受理通知书。 ②商标实质审查( 12 个月)，商标实质审查是商标注册主管机关对商标注册申请是否合乎商标法的规定所进行的检查.资料检索.分析对比.调查研究并决定给予初步审定或驳回申请等一系列活动。在此期间，在该商标未获准注册以前，请不要在使用中标注注册标记(如：“注册商标”、“?”等)，可以标记“TM”。另外，在未核准注册以前，带有该商标的商品及包装物，或商标标识不宜一次制作过多，以防因注册受阻而造成不必要的损失。 3、公告

公司注册欧盟商标如何注册

欧盟商标如何注册 There are 25 member countries for the European Union, namely: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, The Slovak Republic and Slovenia. 25个欧盟联合国：奥地利﹑比利时﹑丹麦﹑芬兰﹑法国﹑德 国﹑希腊﹑爱尔兰﹑意大利﹑卢森堡﹑荷兰﹑葡萄牙﹑西班牙﹑ 瑞典﹑英国﹑塞浦路斯﹑捷克﹑爱沙尼亚﹑匈牙利﹑拉脱维亚﹑ 立陶宛﹑马耳他﹑波兰，斯洛伐克共和国和斯洛文尼亚。 A. Costs Estimate For TRADE marks Application in the EU 欧盟商标注册申请费用 (for one trade mark per class & for simple straightforward application ) (Based on prevailing exchange rates of to HKD and EUR(EUR 1.00= HKD 9.5, rounded up to nearest HKD)

(于一个商标一个类别和简单直接的申请) HKD EUR Ⅰ。 SEARCH (Optional) Availability Search (One mark one class in 25 member countries): 查询以一个商标一个类别在欧盟的25个国家内计算 a) On-line Availability Search (optional but recommended) 综合的查询及报告(非必须的但建议查询) (IPIHK can arrange the search in Hong Kong by paid on-line systems, but the mark should be in character form. The aim of the search is to find out whether there is any filed/registered similar or identical marks which may bar your application. The fees consists of conducting the search in the Trade Marks Registry, obtaining relevant print out and reviewing and reporting the search results with advice on registration)

申请注册商标的流程及流程图

如何申请注册商品商标或服务商标 一、简要说明 自然人、法人或者其他组织在生产经营活动中，对其商品或者服务需要取得商标专用权的，应当向商标局申请商标注册。商标注册用商品和服务国际分类共有45个类别，其中商品34个类别、服务11个类别。指定使用在商品上的商标为商品商标，指定使用在服务上的商标为服务商标。 二、办理途径 申请注册商品商标或服务商标有两条途径： （一）委托在商标局备案的商标代理机构办理。 （二）申请人直接到商标局商标注册大厅办理（申请人也可到商标局驻中关村国家自主创新示范区办事处办理，办事处地址为：北京市海淀区苏州街36号北京市工商行政管理局二层登记注册大厅）。 三、办理步骤 （一）委托商标代理机构办理的，申请人可以自愿选择任何一家在商标局备案的商标代理机构办理。所有在商标局备案的商标代理机构都公布在“代理机构”一栏中。 （二）申请人直接到商标局的商标注册大厅办理的，申请人可以按照以下步骤办理： 商标注册申请前查询（非必须程序）→准备申请书件→在商标注册大厅受理窗口提交申请书件→在打码窗口确认提交申请→在交费窗口缴纳商标注册规费→领取规费收据 申请人领取收据后，提交商标注册申请工作就已完成。商标局会向申请人发放各种文件。商标注册审查程序请参阅《商标注册流程图》，申请人在收到《领取商标注册证通知书》后，到商标注册大厅领取《商标注册证》。 四、申请前的查询（非必须程序） 如果商标注册申请被驳回，申请人一方面损失商标注册费，另一方面重新申请注册商标还需要时间，而且再次申请能否被核准注册仍然处于未知状态。因此，申请人在申请注册商标之前最好进行商标查询，了解在先权利情况，根据查询结果作出判断以后再提交申请书。 五、商标注册申请书件的准备 办理商标注册申请，应当提交下列文件：

商标注册流程和所需资料

商标注册申请流程、所需资料及时间 一．注册的流程 （一）、商标注册预先查询 商标查询是指商标注册申请人或其代理人在提出注册申请前，对其申请的商标是否与在先权利商标有无相同或近似的查询工作。查询的范围以查询之日起已进入商标局数据库的注册商标和申请中商标为限，结果不具法律效力，仅作为参考，并不是商标局核准或驳回该申请的依据。 商标查询有两种，一是通过公开数据库或商标查询软件进行查询；二是通过商标局下属的通达商标服务中心查询；从查询结果来看，通过通达商标服务中心查询更为准确。 商标查询是一项专业的工作，你可以委托我们代为查询，我们将在二个工作日回复你。 （二）、商标注册形式审查 商标形式审查（1-3个月左右），商标形式审查是指商标注册主管机关对申请商标注册的文件、手续是否合乎法律规定，若符合法律规定，审查机构编定申请号，确定申请日，发放《注册受理通知书》。确立申请日十分重要，由于我国商标注册采用申请在先原则，一旦发生申请日的先后成为确定商标权的法律依据，商标注册的申请日以商标局收到申请书件的日期为准。 （三）、商标注册实质审查 商标实质审查（24—36个月左右），商标实质审查是商标注册主管机关对商标注册申请是否符合《商标法》及有关规定所进行的检查，资料检索、分析对比、调查研究并决定给予初步审定或驳回申请等一系列活动。 （四）、商标注册初审公告 商标初审公告（3 个月）是指商标注册申请经审查后，对符合《商标法》有关规定的，允许其注册的决定。并在《商标公告》中予以公告。初步审定的商标自刊登初步审定公告之日起三个月没有人提出异议的，该商标予以注册，同时刊登注册公告，发放注册证。 二．商标注册所需要的资料 1．以企业名称申请注册的，需提供营业执照复印件，并需在营业执照复印件上加盖公章； 2．以个人名称申请注册的，需提供个人身份证复印件1份和个体工商户营业执照复印件，个体工商户营业执照复印件上需加盖公章； 3．提供商标文字或图样，需要保护颜色的，还需要提供彩色图样；

商标注册所需资料及流程

商标注册所需资料及流程 1商标查询： 美国商标的审查是跨类别的审查，所以建议最好进行预查询，可增加注册成功率。 点击TESS的功能区后→Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)→Basic Word Mark Search (New User)

接着，输入一个关键词，后点击Submit Query，如果能找到对应的商标，那么它就会显示对应的注册品牌 2申请提交 一般选择$225的这项去申请即可。

点击进去填写申请人信息-提交商标信息-选择注册保护商品信息-联系人信息等在线提交表单所要求的信息即可，确认信息后支付等待官方发邮件给你确认下步。 3受理通知 美国专利商标局收到商标注册申请资料后，会先详细检视申请表格及所有附件，以查看表格内须填写的部分是否已经填妥、有关资料是否正确、所需资料是否不全，费用是否交齐，如一切妥当，给予一个申请编号，发放受理通知书，时间大概为一个月。 4商标审查 公告1个月左右，商标要获得注册必须有实际商业使用的证据。如果该商标是基于商业实际使用或基于本国已获注册提出申请，并且在商标公告期内，无人提出异议或要求延期提出异议，则通常情况下美国专利商标局会在商标公告后12周后颁发商标注册证； 如果该商标是基于意向使用申请，并且在商标公告期内，无人提出异议或要求延期提出异议，则通常情况下美国专利商标局会在商标公告后12周后颁发Notice of Allowance，申请人

应根据是否实际在商业中使用该商标的情况或声明已使用或请求延期提出使用声明。 5登宪公告 使用证据提交后3个月左右登宪注册公告。一旦美国专利商标局核准商标申请后，该商标会在商标周刊上登记公告，该公告日期将以函件的形式通知申请人。公告期为期三个月（公告后三十天内可提异议）， 如无人提出异议或异议不成立，该商标就可以核准注册了。 6完成注册 7使用证明 注册成功第5-6年内，商标权人应向美国专利商标局提交该商标已在商业中连续使用5年并且目前仍在使用的声明，否则将导致商标被中止撤销。 8商标续展 10年期限届满前1年内或10年期限到期后6个月内的宽展期可进行商标的续展，每次续展期同样为10年。 个人也可自行在官网申请注册商标，虽然费用不高，整个流程完全透明。除提交申请之外，还是有一系列的工作需要进行和跟进的，比如提交信息时选择的分类是否精准，作为初次申请的注册人未必能够做到准确的选择。