虚拟语气全方面讲解

虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略

1. if 的隐含

I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。

句中的不定式短语to go with you就是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if I could go with you。这句话的言外之意是：可惜我不一定有机会同你一起去。

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。

句中的不定式短语to have studied harder也是表示虚拟条件的，它相当于if you had studie d harder。句子的言外之意是：可惜你当时没有更用功我，所以你就没有考及格。

Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？

句中的分词短语failing this time表示虚拟条件，相当于if you failed this time。其言外之意是：尽管失败的可能性很小，但还是有可能会失败，假若失败了，那怎么办？

Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 如果没有你的帮助，我们就不会取得成功。

句中的介词短语without your help表示虚拟条件，相当于if you hadn’t given us help。其言外之意是：好在你帮助了我们，所以我们取得了成功。

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。

句中的or else隐含着一个虚拟条件，它相当于if I had known he was a cheat。句子的言外之意是：当是我竟然相信了他。

2. if 的省略

在虚拟条件句中，有时可将引民虚拟条件句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：

如果她在这里，她也同意的。

If he were here, she would agree too.

→Were she here, she would agree too.

假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。

If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.

→Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.

要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life.

注意，如果条件从句的谓语为否定式，其中的否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。

我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。

正：If I hadn’t warned you, you could have been killed.

正：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.

误：Hadn’t I warned you, you could have been killed.

另外，有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词，而是实义动词。如：

Had I time, I would go with you. 假如我有时间，我就同你们一起去。

句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式为：I f I had time, I would go with you.

表示“若不是”的虚拟语气句型

英语中有几个表示“若不是”“要不是”的固定表达，它们总是用于引出虚拟条件，句子谓语总是用虚拟语气。这几个句型是：

1. but for

它的意思是“要不是有……”“若不是因为……”，习惯上与虚拟语气连用。如：

The car broke down. But for that we would have been in time. 汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。

But for the storm, I would have been home before eight. 要不是因为这场风暴，我早在8点钟以前就回到家里了。

2. if it were not for

主要用于谈论现在的情况，意思也是“要不是有……”“若不是因为……”，相应的主句总是用虚拟语气。如：

If it weren’t for your help, I would still be homeless. 若非你的帮助，我仍会无家可归。

If it were not for your quick play, our team would not win. 若没有你敏捷的技巧，我们球队是不会赢的。

3. if it had not been for

主要用于谈论过去的情况，意思也是“要不是有……”“若不是因为……”，相应的主句总是用虚拟语气。如：

You wouldn’t have seen her if it hadn’t been for him. 如果不是因为他，你就不会见到她了。

If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾，我不会痊愈得这么快。

说明：介词without有时也可表示虚拟条件，意为“若不是”“要不是”，与but for用法相同。如：Without [=But for] your help, I would have failed. 要不是有你的帮助，我就会失败了。

但是，without也可以不表示条件，只表示“没有”的意思。如：

Without a word he left the room. 没有说一句话他离开了房间。

but for一定要与虚拟语气连用吗

假若but for表示if it were not for或if it had not been for这样的意思（即表示“若不是”“要不是”），它一定要与虚拟语气连用。如：

But for his pension, he would starve. 要不是他有养老金，他就挨饿了。

But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。

B ut for your help we couldn’thave succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。

如果but for不是表示if it were not for或if it had not been for这样的意思，而是构成not f or…but for…这样的搭配，或其中的but只是一个普通的转折连词，其后的for也只是一个普通的介词，此时显然不必与虚拟语气连用。如：

I’m not afraid for me, but for th e baby. 我不是为我担心，而是为宝宝担心。

We don’t usually accept checks, but for you we’ll make an exception. 我们通常接受支票，但对你我们可以破例。

The sale was supposed to last for a week, but for all practical purposes it’s over. 减价销售原来预料要持续一周，然而实际上现在已经结束了。

You’ll have your own office soon but for the time being you’ll have to share one. 你很快就有自己的办公室了，不过暂时还得和别人合用一间。

insist 后的从句用什么语气

insist 后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗? 请看下面的这道题：

The man in prison insisted that he _________nothing wrong and _________set free.

A. had done, should be

B. should do, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had been

【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）

请再做下面一题(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f17177089.html,)：

The patient insisted that he _________ill and _________to the hospital.

A.wasn’t, wasn’t sent

B.wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C.shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

D.shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构

一、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“shou ld (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If you took a taxi，you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)

二、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“s hould (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)

三、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If I asked him，I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：

一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, co uld, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。

It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气

从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：

I think it's time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。

It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。

I think it’s time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。

注：time前有时有about和high修饰：

I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。

与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用was 时而用were。如：

It's time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)

wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式

要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：

I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。

I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。

I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。

注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish 的时态无关，比较：

I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。

I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。

I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。

I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。

I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式

请看下面一题：

I wish you __________ him my telephone number，but you did.

A.didn’t give

B.hadn’t given

C.wouldn’t give

D.shouldn’t give

此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去时：

I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。

I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时：

How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。

3.表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could/ would+/ might+动词原形：

I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。

类似地，以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f17177089.html,

(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含义大致相同。

(2) as if/ though (好像)：

She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)

He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)

He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)

哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气

请看下面的有关考题：

The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.

A.obeys

B.obey

C.will obey

D.would obey

此题应选B。一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advi se)，要求(require，demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的s hould在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：

He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。

注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：

2.insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”，从句多指尚未实现的想法，谓语通常用虚拟语气(shou ld+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语用陈述语气：

I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。

I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。

2.suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟误气; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f17177089.html,)：

She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。

Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。

与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

请看下面的题目：

—If he __________，he __________ that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A.was warned，would not take

B.had been warned，would not have taken

C.would be warned，had not taken

D.would have been warned，had not taken

此题应选B。该题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用would(should，could，might)+have+过去分词(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f17177089.html,)：

1.If she had worked harder，she __________.

A.would succeed

B.had succeeded

C.should succeed

D.would have succeeded

2.If my lawyer ________ here last Saturday，he _________ me from going.

A.had been; would have prevented

B.had been; would prevent

C.were; would

D.were; would have prevented

3.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________，she would have met my broth er.

A.has come

B.did come

C.came

D.had come

4.You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ in turn，you

__________ so tired.

A.drove; didn’t get

B.drove; wouldn’t get

C.were driving; wouldn’t get

D.had driven; wouldn’t have got

答案：1.D 2.A 3.D 4.D

与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

请看下面的题目：

If he was here，he __________ us how to do it.

A.told

B.would tell

C.had told

D.have told

此题应选B。该题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语则要用would (should，could，might)+动词原形：

If there were no subjective mood，English would be much easier. 要是没有虚拟语气，英语就会容易得多了。

If I knew his telephone number，I would ring him up. 我要是知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了。

在虚拟条件句，动词be的过去式通常用were(不管是单数还是复数)，但在现代英语，单数情况也可以用was：

We could ask him if he were [was] here. 他要是在这里，我们就可以问问他了。

但是在某些表达(If I were you，as it were等)中，be只用were这一形式：

If I were you，I should go and see the doctor at once. 假若我是你，我会马上去看医生。

The sky is covered，as it were，with a black curtain. 天空好像是被黑幕遮住了似的。

有时在虚拟条件句也可能用could，might 等，那多半是因为语义的需要：

If he could help you，he would help you. 要是他能够帮助你的话，他会帮助你的。

与将来事实相反的虚拟语气

请看下面的题目：

If we __________ 200 years old，we __________ everything.

A.were to be，could change

B.had been，changed

C.were，would have changed

D.should be，changed

此题应选A。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，此时的主句谓语通常用would(should，co uld，might)＋动词原形，而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况：

1.从句谓语用过去式：

If your father knew this，he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。

If it rained tomorrow，the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨，运动会就推迟。

2.从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：

If it should rain，the crops would be saved. 要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。

此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：

If it should rain tomorrow，don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。

If I should be free tomorrow，I will come. 万一我明天有空，我就来。

3.从句谓语用were to+动词原形(通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：

If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you would not change. 即使太阳从西边出，我对你的爱也不会变。

考查虚拟语气的一道妙题

有这样一道题：

“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________you if you had a high fever.”

A. do

B. are

C. will

D. would

【分析】此题容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。以上两种分析都有一定道理，但是不完全对。用“so+助动词+主语”表示“……也一样”时，在多数情况下，其中的助动词会与前一句的动词性质一致。如：

He is ill, and so am I. 他病了，我也病了。

He can do it and so can I. 他会做，我也会。

He likes it and so do I. 他喜欢它，我也喜欢。

但是，有时也不一定如此。如：

If you go, so shall I. 如果你去，我也去。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

至于为什么不能选C，那是因为其后的if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（许多同学会忽略此信息），所以主句要用would 而不用will，即答案应选D。

用过去式表示的虚拟语气

■在虚拟条件句中的运用

1. 与现在事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be一般用were) ，主句谓语用would /s hould /could /might +动词原形。如：

If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。

If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。

If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。

注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。如：

If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。

2. 与将来事实相反：条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“were to /should＋动词原形”，主句谓语用would /should /could /might +动词原形。如：

If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 要是明天下雨，我就不去那里。

3. 与过去事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句谓语用would /should /could /mig ht + have +过去分词。如：

If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从

我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。

注：若虚拟条件句中有were, should, had时，可省略if，将were, should, had移至主语前。如：Were I you, I would never do that.

Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go there.

Had it not been for Margaret, I might not have understood.

■在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用

虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语动词的形式。如：

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你当初听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。

■在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用

有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without, with, but for(要不是) 等介词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词或连词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。如：

But for (=if it had not been for ) your help, I wouldn’t have been successful. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him. 我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。

We couldn’t have finished it without Mary. 如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。

To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk…) , you’d think he was Prime Minister. 听

他讲话你会以为他是首相。

Given more time, I could have done it better. 要是多给一点时间，我会做得更好。

■在wish, if only, as if, would rather等后的从句中

这些从句的谓语动词的形式是：若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去式(动词be一律用were)；若与过去事实相反，用过去完成式。如(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f17177089.html,)：

I wish it were spring here all the year round. 但愿这里四季如春。

I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是听了我父母的话就好了。

Li Ming speaks English as if he were an American. 李明说英语好像是美国人。

I would rather he came tomorrow. 我宁愿他明天来。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

注：as if/as though引导的从句若是事实，就不必用虚拟语气。如：

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨的样子。

■as if/as though引导的从句中

He speaks English as though he were an American. 他说英语跟美国人差不多。

■在It’s time that…的that从句的谓语动词

It is time that we got ready for the final examination. 该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。

虚拟语气典型考题10例

1.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “It’s time you ________. ”

A.Do

B.did

C.had

D.would

2.“I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you ________. ”

A.Don’t

B.hadn’t

C.couldn’t

D.wouldn’t

3.It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________there by to morrow.

A.can’t get

B.won’t get

C.hadn’t got

D.wouldn’t get

4.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ________something she would regret later.

A.had said

B.said

C.might say

D.might have said

5.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________badly wounded and that he ____ ____at once.

A.should be; be operated on

B.were; must be operated on

C.was; should be operated

D.was; be operated on

6.I forget where I read the article, or I ________it to you now.

A.will show

B.would show

C.am going to show

D.am showing

7.—Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meeting?

—I would have but I ________too busy working on the important experiment.

A.had been

B.was

C.were

D.am

8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________to Miami but to New York?

—I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to.

A.will not be sent; that

B.not be sent; that

C.should not be sent; what

D.should not send; what

9.The workers will go on strike if the demands they ________put forward are turned dow n.

A.could

B.would

C.不填

D.had

10.________fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be

D.Might you be

答案与解析:

1.B。It’s time you did 为It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。

2.B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。

3.A。we can’t get there by to morrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。

4.Dotherwise 在此相当于if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

5.D。insisted 接第一个宾语从句，表示“坚持认为(是怎么回事)”，用陈述语气；接第二个宾语从句，表示“坚决要求(做某事)”，用虚拟语气。

6.B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forget where

I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。

7.B。易受前面虚拟语气的影响而误选A。实际上前面虚拟语气的答语采用了省略形式。可补充为：I would have gone to yesterday’s meeting if I hadn’t been too busy. 所以be too busy是过去的一种实际情况，并不是虚拟的情况。故填空处用陈述语气。

8.B。因为necessary后的从句要用“(should+)动词原形”，排除选项A; 因he与send是被动关系，send要用被动式，排除选项D; 答句中的表语从句中不缺任何句子成分，用that。值得说明的是，refuse to后省略了be sent to New York。

9.C。they put forward为修饰名词demands的定语从句，按英语语法，当demand用作动词后接宾语从句，或用作名词后接定语从句或同位语从句时，从句谓语习惯上要用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。

10.B。Should you be fired是由If you should be fired变来的，又如：Should you require (= If you should require) anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。

带虚拟语气宾语从句的四个数字

在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should 在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。

He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

注：这类句子有时可用于被动结构，前面用先行词it作主语，代表后面的从句。如：

It was proposed that this matter be discussed next time. 有人提议这事下次再讨论。

动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。

What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣

你会正确使用虚拟语气的倒装形式吗

请看典型考题：

__________ your address，I would have written to you.

A.Did I know

B.Were I to know

C.Had I known

D.If I should know

此题应选C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：

1.If he should fail，he would kill himself.

→Should he fail，he would kill himself.

万一失败，他就会自杀。

2.If I were you，I would do it at once.

→Were I you，I would do it at once.

假若我是你，我就会马上做。

3.If I could do it，I would.

→Could I do it，I would.

要是我能做此事，我一定会做。

4.If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.

→Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。

顺便说一句，以上移至句首的had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：

If he had money，he would buy a car.

→Had he money，he would buy a car.

他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。

含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式

所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：

1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中

I would write to her, but I don’t know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But…)

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you…)

2.将条件隐含在分词短语中

Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would…)

Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this tim e, what would…)

Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)

3.将条件隐含在介词短语中

But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(=If it hadn’t been for your help, we…)

In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。(=If circ umstances had been different, I would…)

4.将条件隐含在名词短语中

Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被开除。(=If any person should behave in that way…, he would…)

A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)

5.将条件隐含在某些连词中

I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))

I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)

6.将条件隐含在定语从句中

Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)

7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中

You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(=If you wanted to, you might…)

Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long)

要注意题中的虚拟语气

请看下面两道题，虽然不是考查虚拟语气，但其中的虚拟语气对做题至关重要：

题1：—It looks as if he were drunk.

—So it does. _________.

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【分析】此题最佳答案为D，但A、B、C均有可能误选，主要是受题中drunk 一词的影响。

做此题的关键是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk 中的关键词were，因为它表明此句的谓语为虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是喝醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的so it does 表示强调，意为：他看上去的确像是喝醉了。

类似用法：

—The building looks beautiful. 这房子看上去很美。

—Yes, so it does. 是的，看上去的确很美。

此句中的so it does 也表强调。

题2：I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _________too busy.

A. was

B. had been

C. would be

D. would have been

【分析】此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。正确答案为A：前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请看类例(答案均为A)：

(1)We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _________it was gone.

A.found

B.had found

C.would find

D.would have found

(2)We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _________.

A.didn't

B.hadn't

C.would not

D.would not been

(3)We had wanted to come to see him, but we _________no time.

A.had

B.had had

C.would have

D.would have had

(4)I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _________and I couldn 't get away.

A.called

B.had called

C.would call

D.would have called

这道题是考查虚拟语气吗

请看这道题，是考查虚拟语气吗？不一定噢！

Thank you very much indeed. If it had not been for your advice I really _________wh at I should have done.

A. don’t know

B. didn’t know

C. hadn’t known

D. wouldn’t have known

【分析】此题容易误选C或D，认为此句既然为虚拟语气语境，当然应选择与虚拟语气有关的答案。此句的句意是“真的是太感谢你了。要不是因为你给我提的建议，我真不知道自己做出了什么蠢事来”，句中if it had not been for your advice 和what I should have done 用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，但是句中的“我不知道”也要用虚拟语气吗？换句话说，“我不知道”是与事实相反的假设吗？显然不是。所以它不能用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气(I don’t know)，表明这是事实（表达自己对对方的感谢之意）。请再看几个类似的例子：

(1)“It’s a long time since we last heard from her.” “Yes, how I wish I knew how she is g etting along.” “我们很久没收到她的来信了。”“是啊，我多希望知道她现在过得怎么样。”

虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do

If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况

(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

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虚拟语气归纳和练习 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太

最经典最清晰虚拟语气讲解教学文案

虚拟语气 定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，不是事实或与事实相反。 陈述语气 祈使语气 动词的语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气特殊句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气需特别注意的情况 用法： 一．IF引导的虚拟句式 注意；混合虚拟 （1）不同时间的虚拟： If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.

If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) 虚拟与陈述的混合： He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago. 二．名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do 1.主语从句：it is + adj + that结构 2.宾语从句：主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+that 一个坚持：insist

两个命令：order; command 两个决定：decide; determine 三个建议：suggest; advise; propose 四个要求：demand; ask; request; require 注意：① suggest：暗示；insist：坚持说(不虚拟) ② except, believe, think suspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider ③ should竟然 I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize. ④ wish引导从句的虚拟语气，谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。 Wish可以用以下结构：wish +主语+would/should have done 3.表语从句、同位语从句 三、其他用法 一、名词性从句的虚拟语气中，表示建议、命令、要求的含义是，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。但是： insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。

(完整版)虚拟语气倒装(讲解+练习)

虚拟语气 有些条件句是可能实现的，称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿.请求，设想，等未能或不可能实现的事实，或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型，即由if引导的虚拟条件句，省略if的倒装形式，可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的句型，以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without， but for等介词引导的短语或句子. 主要用法 1). 主语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法. 2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法，尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法. 3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法，应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点. 4). would rather（=wish）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 5). if only（如果。。。就好了）结构中虚拟语气的用法. 6). But， or， otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法. 7). It’s time (that)（早该。。。。）等结构中虚拟语气的用法. 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用 (1) 虚拟语气现在时，用以表示与现在/将来事实相反的假设或现在实

现可能性不大的情况. Eg. If I were a bird， I would fly to you. If it is not for their help， we shall be in a very difficult position. If it were not for their help， we should be in a very difficult position. If I had seen the film, I would….. (2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设. Eg. If we had started earlier， we should not have missed the train. If she hadn’t been ill， she might have come. If she were not ill， she might come.

高考虚拟语气专项讲解

虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

虚拟语气的用法讲解

第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1　语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2　语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There　are　two　sides　to　every　question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were　you　busy　all　day　yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How　good　a　teacher　she　is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never　be　late　again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t　forget　to　turn　off　the　light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If　I　were　a　bird,　I　could　fly　in　the　air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I　wish　I　could　pass　the　examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May　you　succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would　you　be　kind　enough　to　show　me　the　way　to　the　post　office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It　would　be　better　for　you　not　to　stay　up　too　late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May　good　luck　be　yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May　you　be　happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May　you　do　even　better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May　you　have　a　good　time.　祝愿你玩的痛快。