高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析

高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Festivals in Wales this spring

There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.

Wrexham, 10-12 May

The annual festival showcases over 200 acts consisting of music, comedy, film and more. Since its opening event in 2011, Focus Wales has done a lot for emerging（新兴的）musicians across the country, and 2018 sees Welsh Music Prize winner The Gentle Good and Y Selar Best Band winners. Candelas, take the stage.

Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

Whether you prefer Hill Climbs or Sportives, the AberCycle Festival allows you to take all of it in from the saddle（鞍）of a bike, enjoying the world's most beautiful scenery. However, all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!

Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

The world's biggest music and philosophy festival returns in 2018 with its unique mix of tunes, talks and trapeze（吊杠）（yes, there are even circus performers!）Based in the magical surroundings of Hay on Wye, this four day festival takes place at the end of May and is perfect for everyone who likes a side of intellectualism（理智主义）with their traditional festival experience.

Lawrenny, 25-28 May

In late May in the heart of the Pembrokeshire National Park, the Big Retreat Wales takes place. Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. Join in this May for four days of “fed good”, leaving your usual routine behind and diving into a delightful mix of workshops, activities, music and sustainable food produce.

（1）The festivals in Wales are held annually .

A. in early May

B. inside and outside of Wales

C. in rainy or sunny weather

D. for locals only

（2）What is special about Aberystwyth, 19-29 May?

A. You can find a place to relax after the activity.

B. You can meet your favorite band winners.

C. It has an atmosphere of natural beauty and tradition.

D. It doesn't last long enough.

（3）Jane is an office worker and fitness enthusiast and wants to experience something unusual. Which festival do you suggest she go to?

A. Wrexham, 10-12 May

B. Aberystwyth, 19-29 May

C. Hay on Wye, 25-28 May

D. Lawrenny, 25-28 May

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了了今年春天的威尔士节日时能看到的，做的和体验至的项目。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“There's lots to see, do and experience in Wales this spring. And now it's time to embrace all things new and get ready to be entertained in the spring, come rain or shine.”可知，威尔士节日不论是雨天还是晴天，都会举行。其中的shine为意为“好天气”与sunny是同义词，rainy是rain的形容词。故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据Aberystwyth, 19-29 May部分中的“all work and no play makes us all dull boys and girls, so while you're in town be sure to pop in to one or two of the plenty of pubs in Aber（as the locals call it）for a nice, cold pint of Brains beer. You'll need it after all that cycling!”可知，当你在镇里时，去到酒吧内喝点冰凉的啤酒很流行。骑自行车之后你需要它！由此可推断出，活动之后你可以去酒吧喝酒休息，即活动后有地方休息的。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据Lawrenny, 25-28 May部分中的“…Essentially the festival is about wellness, but it's also so much more than that. …, leaving your usual routine behind …”这个节日本质上就是关于健康健身的，但它不仅仅如此。你可以丢掉你的日常惯例，加入…。由此可知，这个节日的目的就是如果你热爱健身，想体验不同寻常的东西，就可以来这儿。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生准确掌握细节信息的同时，需根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Our Museums, Galleries, and Zoo

19 world-class museums, galleries, and a zoo

The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area. In New York City, we invite you to tour two museums in historic settings.

Not near a Smithsonian museum? Look for exhibitions and museums in your community. Here we have listed some places to visit:

Tips & Guidelines:

Stop at any Smithsonian museum information desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.

Service animals are welcome at the museums and the National Zoo. Pets are not permitted.

Lunches should be properly closed or stored in lockers during your visit.

（1）he Smithsonian offers all these EXCEPT .

A. galleries

B. concerts

C. museums

D. zoos

（2）If you are interested in animals, you can .

A. go to 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC

B. go to 8th and F Streets, NW Washington, DC

C. visit the museum 11 a.m. on Christmas

D. visit the zoo at weekends on June 25

（3）To arrange your visit better, you can .

A. have lunch during your visit

B. take your pets along with you

C. ask the staff and volunteers for help

D. fill in an application form before your visit

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了史密森尼博物馆相关的信息以及游玩建议。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The Smithsonian offers eleven museums and galleries on the National Mall and six other museums and the National Zoo in the greater National Capital Area”可知史密森尼博物馆（Smithsonian）在国家广场（National Mall）上设有11个博物馆和美术馆，在较大的国家首都辖区有6个博物馆和国家动物园（National Zoo）。没有提供音乐会。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据National Zoo所在的表格可知国家动物园的开放时间为三月15号到九月，每天的上午九点到下午六点；十月到来年的三月14号是每天上午九点到下午四点，12月25号不开。所以如果对动物感兴趣，游客可以在六月25号去游玩。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Stop at any Smithsonian museum info rmation desk where friendly and knowledgeable staff and volunteers can assist you in planning your visit.”可知史密森尼博物馆的信息问讯处有友好的并且知识渊博的员工及志愿者，他们可以帮助你为参观做计划。所以如果你想更好的参观这里，可以寻求职工和志愿者的帮助，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food.

The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth's School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in

their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale.

Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent's view was greenery.

Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don't have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit.

"It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person's well-being," lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement." But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research."

A 2018 study from Denmark's Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a person's risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.

（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The results of the new study.

B.The purpose of the new study.

C.The significance of the new study.

D.The content of the new study.

（2）What does the underlined word "combatting" in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Reducing.

B.Developing.

C.Understanding.

D.Encouraging

（3）According to the passage, the new study _____.

A.mainly referred to exercise in nature

B.has enriched the previous research to some degree

C.was carried out by the University of Michigan

D.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems

（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

A.Entertainment

B.Business World

C.Tech &Science

D.Environment

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果---多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers …surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green space in their neighborhood…”研究人员调查了年龄在21~65岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例……；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety…”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题……等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出，combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“…adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.

As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.

Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.

I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的)

class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.

Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?

Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?

（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.

A. interaction

B. analysis

C. creation

D. abstraction

（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.

A. learn letters quickly

B. have a good eyesight

C. can build up a good relationship

D. can apply knowledge to new situations

（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.

A. the similarities between mammals and humans

B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals

C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals

D. a discovery of how animals express themselves

（4）What might be the best title for the passage?

A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals

B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals

C. Science Reports on Food Animals

D. A Revolution in Food Animals

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故B选项正确。

（2）推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts

printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项，D选项正确。

（3）段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career a lmost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, a nd dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C 选项正确。

（4）标题归纳题。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故A选项适合做该文标题。

【点评】文章标题解题技巧：（1）要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；（2）再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；（3）要注意题目是过大还是过小；（4）要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。

5．阅读理解

On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.

The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information

using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.

Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.

While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing bird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.

（1）What can we know about the piping plover?

A. Its behaviour is changing.

B. Its habitat is growing bigger.

C. Its living environment is becoming worse.

D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?

A. To study shorelines across America.

B. To advance information technology.

C. To find out global climate change.

D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?

A. The camping equipment.

B. Research on smartphones.

C. The changeable coast.

D. Progress in technology.

（4）What would be the best title of the text?

A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds

B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist

C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff

D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。

（1）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了。故答案选C。

（2）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.可知，发明app其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的栖息地的改变。故答案选D。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists

to gather data more efficiently.可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。故答案选D。

（4）考查主旨大意题。根据文章大意：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。故答案选A。

【点评】1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

6．阅读理解

Bike Share Toronto is the city's official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore.

How it works

Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system.

Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.

Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.

Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock(停靠点)to make sure it's locked.

Choose a plan

For visitors

Day Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.

3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.

For locals

Monthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.

Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.

The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.

Contact us

●Customer Service: (855)898-2388

●Repair Service: (855)-2378

●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398

●Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498

（1）Which is the most suitable choice for locals in Toronto?

A. Day Pass

B. 3-Day Pass

C. Monthly Pass

D. Annual Membership （2）How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike?

A. $5.5

B. $9.5

C. $12.5

D. $15.5

（3）For more information about working at Bike Share Toronto, contact it at _________.

A. (855)898-2399

B. (855)898-2378

C. (855)8989-2398

D. (855) 898-2498（4）Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. A member can get a code or a key to the bike

B. Bike Share Toronto is a non-profit organization

C. Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles

D. The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广应用文，共享自行车多伦多是城市的官方自行车分享计划，旨在为当地人和游客提供一个有趣，实惠和方便的替代步行，出租车，公共汽车和地铁．本文以此展开，讲述了共享自行车是怎样运行，使用，收费的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据文中“The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders”一年一度的会员是多伦多当地最好的交易和其他频繁的骑手。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据" If you keep a bike out for longer than30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over $4 for the next 30 minutes. and s7 for each additional 30 minutes after that”如果你保持自行车超过30分钟你将被一个额外的1.50美元的前30分钟4美元在接下来的30分钟7美元为每个额外的30分钟之后。所以超过两小时,就是1.5-4+7=12.5,故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498”就业机会打（855）898-2498，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据“Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system. Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.”系统是怎么工作的，成为一年一度的成员或买一天通过访问系统。附近找到一个可用的自行车,和搭车的代码或使用你的解锁的关键成员，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can actually hurt your body in the long run.

As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more than any proper health need. We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health — not how you look or smell —probably once or twice a week, assistant professor of dermatology at George Washington University, Dr. C. Brandon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well-oiled machine,” he says. “A daily shower isn't necessary.”

Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic（审美的）reasons, at least make most of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks（裂纹）that can lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

（1）According to the passage, why do most people shower daily?

A. To meet health need.

B. To wash off dirt.

C. To add to attraction.

D. To get relaxation.

（2）Which of the following people might be advised to shower once or twice a week? A. Office staff B. Car maintainer C. Building workers D. Gym-goers

（3）The underlined phrase “light showers” in Para. 4 refers to the showers in which ________.

A. bright lights are equipped

B. a little soaping is involved

C. gentle skin touches are allowed

D. less hot water is used

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Showering Daily Becomes a Custom

B. Daily Shower Does No Good to You

C. Protect Your Skin When Showering

D. You Probably Needn't Shower Daily

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We connec t being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.”可知多数人每天淋浴是为了增加吸引力，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly.”可知每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，才需要每天洗澡，故选A。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“‘I tell patients who shower daily not to so ap their whole bodies,’ Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.可知‘light showers’”指的是只在一些部位涂肥皂，而全身不需要太多肥皂，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。所以选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The year 2117 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-art ist Jonathon Keats' “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光)time—will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will open its doors for the first time, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2017. As Katie Paterson, the creator of the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwork for future generations.” These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of slow art intended to push viewers and Participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today's short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture—not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.

In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time—a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than30seconds on each piece of art.

Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it's in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I've somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the Pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.

（1）According to the first paragraph, what will NOT happenin2117?

A. A camera which was produced 100 years ago will be exhibited.

B. The Future Library will be0pen to the public for the first time.

C. Photos with a 100-year exposure time will be developed and exhibited.

D. Books printed on the wood of trees planted in 2017 will be displayed.

（2）What can we learn about today's people's attitude toward works of art?

A. They consider works deliberately.

B. They spend little time on Works.

C. They spend much money 0n works.

D. They stare at works for 10 minutes at a time.（3）What is the purpose of the wave of slow art?

A. To advocate creating works of art slowly.

B. To protect works of art from being damaged.

C. To promote works of art for modern culture.

D. To encourage people to pay more attention to works of art.

（4）How would Anne Beate Hovind feel about the city life?

A. It's discouraging

B. It's dull

C. Its developed.

D. It's busy

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了慢速艺术是为了鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats' ‘century cameras’—cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光)time—will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited.”可知，在2117年“一架百年前生产的照相机将会展出”是不会发生的。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time—a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than30seconds on each piece of art.”可知，我们能从今天的人们对艺术作品的态度中了解到“他们很少花时间在工作上。”故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of slow art intended to push viewers and Participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today's short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately.”可知，慢速艺术的目的是鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it's in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. ‘Since I started living in a city, I've somehow been quite disconnected,’”可知，安妮感觉城市生活是忙碌的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.

According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing.

Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it — during daylight. For the sun to become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up for use during nighttime and stormy days. Most such efforts have focused on storing and recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly efficient method for storing the sun's energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as heat.

The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (触发)by a very specific temperature or something else, the molecules return to their original shape , giving off heat in the process.

Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not able to make durable (耐用的) solid-state films. The new approach is the first based on a solid-state material, in this case a polymer, and the first based on inexpensive materials and widespread production technology.

（1）What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?

A.To show the main idea of the passage.

B.To practice readers' imagination.

C.To interest readers in the passage.

D.To introduce a new kind of material.

（2）According to the passage, what can the polymer film do?

A.It can be made into window glass.

B.It can make necessary electricity.

C.It can store energy and release sunshine.

D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.

（3）According to the passage, what is STF based on?

A.The chemical reaction.

B.The movement of heat.

C.The form of electricity.

D.The physical reaction.

（4）What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?

A.It is less expensive.

B.It is very powerful.

C.It is easily available.

D.It is less changeable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear. ”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量，然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事，以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. ”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或服装)可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. ”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料，即太阳能热燃料(STF)，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知，STF是以化学反应为基础。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configura tion. ”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物质有多好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Customers who come into the Waffle House recognize server Evoni Williams, a soft-spoken 18-year-old from Texas City. It all started with a Facebook post. On the morning of March 3, Laura Wolf was eating breakfast at the Waffle House in La Marque when she overheard an older man, who reminded her of her late father, tell Williams he had trouble with his hands. The man, later identified as regular customer Adrien Charpentier, had an oxygen tank nearby and needed help cutting up his food. “Without hesitation,” Wolf wrote, Williams “took his plate and began cutting up his ham.”

Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth and kindness with all. The following day, Williams's Facebook notification（关注）began to light up. Her friends saw Wolf's post and tracked her in it.

Williams had no idea that someone took a photo that morning. The diner was so busy that a line extended outside the door. She said helping Charpentier was reflexive. She has been working at Waffle House since last June to save for college, and this, she figured, was just the right thing to do. “I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,” Williams said.

The post began to make its rounds in La Marque and eventually landed in front of the city's mayor, Bobby Hocking. He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f210078884.html,ne, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.

Williams still works at Waffle House five days a week and plans to do so until she starts classes in the fall at Houston-based Texas Southern. Wolf said Williams does not have a car to get to classes, but some people have offered to start a GoFundMe page for her, proving that a moment of a kindness can change a life.

（1）Why did Wolf post the photo on Facebook?

A. The photo reminded her of her late father.

B. It could satisfy her inner needs.

C. She was touched by the sight.

D. The customer had trouble with his hands.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Without a second thought.

B. After careful consideration.

C. Winning a reward.

D. Better serving customers.

（3）What can we infer about Evoni Williams?

A. She seldom saw Charpentier come to the House for breakfast.

B. It was GoFundMe page that led to her good luck.

C. She is no longer working in service business.

D. She has probably received a scholarship for her college education.

（4）What is the author's purpose of writing the article?

A. To help Williams receive higher education.

B. To introduce a random act of kindness.

C. To show that young generation can always help.

D. To emphasize the influence of the social media.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth a nd kindness with all.”被（所见的事情）感动了，于是保鲁夫在她的脸谱网页上张贴，与大家分享这一温暖和善良的时刻。其中的impressed“受感动的”，与touched“被感动的”是同义词，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“‘Without hesitation,’ Wolf wrote, Williams ‘took his plate

and began cutting up his ham.’”可知，Williams毫不犹豫地帮忙了。第三段中的“Williams … Sh e said helping Charpentier was reflexive. this, …she figured, was just the right thing to do. ‘I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,’ Williams said.”可知，Williams说帮助Charpentier是reflexive.，我认为这是正确的事，我但愿也会有人来帮助我的祖父母。所以reflexive就是Without hesitation，即毫不犹豫地，不加思考地帮助那位老人。故选A。

(3)考查推断判断。根据第四段中的“ He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f210078884.html,ne, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.” 城市市长Bobby询问学校是否可以向威廉姆斯颁发奖学金。由此可推断，Williams可能会得到一份奖学金。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。最后一句讲了一个善良的时刻可以改变生活。由此可推断出文章介绍了一种随意的善意行为可改变生活。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me. I received a brief 18-months of undivided attention and love as the only child, before three more appeared. The second was a severe blow. No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.

Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example, “Again and again the others got away with doing wrong but I didn't. We each played our roles; the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, seemed certain to be spoiled even now. So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon（变色龙）—skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.

Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life on the outside, not defined（定义）as the eldest. The moment I had waited for. But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again. It's down to me; it seems, to take the lead in caring for our parents, AH the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply. The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned. So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support. Requests to my siblings to help out more fall on deaf ears. To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us. Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.

（1）How does the author comment on the four children in the second paragraph?

A. Angrily and Bitterly.

B. Angrily and proudly.

C. Bitterly and humorously.

D. Humorously and proudly.

（2）How did the author develop his social skills?

A. Through hard work.

B. With the parents' help.

C. At the parents' request.

D. In practice for effectiveness.

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

A. To care for the old.

B. To help the young.

C. To live outside alone.

D. To travel nationwide.

（4）What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer hates to be the eldest.

B. The writer feels proud of his role.

C. The writer is satisfied with his attempt.

D. The writer is regretful about the siblings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者作为家中四个孩子中的老大，从小被要求照顾小的，给兄妹树立好的榜样。父母老了，第一个关心照顾父母，认为照顾父母是自己的责任，但是其他的兄妹却只一味地推脱照顾老人的责任，这让作者深感遗憾。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相继出生后自己要为他们树立好的榜样，其他的人犯错不被处罚而我不能，描述老二用“逃学见男友skipped school to meet boys “，老三”迷人attractive “的男孩，老四的出生是个”suprise“，而且一直被宠坏spoiled了。这一切的一切让我成为一个明白道理的、安静的成绩好的，做家务的，擅长做一切的人。由此可推断出作者所用语言有点苦涩但风趣。分析选项可知C项符合题，故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings （兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example,” 接下来是多年来被要求照顾兄弟姐妹，被敦促树立一个好的榜样。根据常识这一切该是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顾小的，要求大的给小的做榜样。故答案选C。

（3）猜测词义题。分析To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.，即对我来说，第一个出生的一直尽职本份的我，因为父母曾养育了我们，我们要照顾他们，这是正确的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顾老人。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对父母尽心尽力地照顾，而其他的兄弟姐妹却置之不理，推脱责任，他们认为这只是我应该做的事。作者认为非常遗憾，他们三兄妹不应该有这种感觉。由此可推断出作者对于其他的兄妹深表遗憾。故答案选D。

【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…

等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

12．阅读理解

Bamboo is one of the world's most useful plants. For thousands of years, bamboo has been used in many different ways-from food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways, as a building material.

However, bamboo is not often used as a building material in the developed world. A professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania is trying to change that. The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo.They are testing how much pressure or weight it can take before breaking.

Kent Harries is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that testing methods for bamboo need to be the same for all. They need to be standardized. Standardizing test methods for bamboo will help to bring the plant into common use. It will also give engineers and builders around the world a dependable standard.

Harries says that bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of at least three species of bamboo is similar to steel.Besides its strength, bamboo has other features that make it very useful in building. He says it is resilient(有弹力的), meaning it keeps its shape and strength even under pressure.

Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable for construction needs much less resources than wood. The harvest cycle of bamboo is about 3 years. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10 years. And hardwoods that come from flowering plants such as oak and walnut need more than 30 years.

Bamboo is widely used as food for panda bears. It is also used for flooring and window covers. However, for building, bamboo is not used much outside its native growing area. This is mostly because of its round shape. But there are other reasons too. People think -- or have the mentality--that bamboo is a low quality building material.

（1）What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?

A. Make bamboo a common building material.

B. Take advantage of bamboo in our everyday.

C. Consider bamboo to be a common plant.

D. Use bamboo to replace building materials.（2）What is the purpose of what Kent Harries and his students did?

A. To prove what is the most useful plant.

B. To introduce bamboo to the developed world.

C. To give engineers and builders some advice.

D. To make sure of the strength of bamboo.（3）What does Harries think of bamboo in the passage?

A. Harries sees bamboo as a great building material.

B. Harries thinks bamboo is as strong as steel.

C. Harries sees bamboo as the most ideal Plant.

D. Harries thinks bamboo has the reliable shape.

（4）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Bamboo is an environmentally friendly building material.

B. Bamboo material will go to the market in the soon future.

C. Hardwoods are much more popular than softwoods.

D. Bamboo grows not only faster but takes up less space.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。几千年来，竹子被广泛地应用于各个方面，然而，在发达国家，竹子并没有经常地被应用于建筑领域。Kent Harries 教授试图改变这一点。他和他的学生们测试了竹子的受压力量。Kent Harries 教授认为是一种很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Kent Harries和他的学生所做的实验，实验的目的是测试竹子能否当作建筑材料来使用。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo．”可知，教授和他的学生做实验的目的是测试竹子的承受力，故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段可知，Kent Harries认为竹子结实、有弹力、能承受压力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的观点是竹子是种很好的建筑材料。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，竹子长得很快，其生长为三年，而针叶木材则需10年，阔叶树时间更长，由此可知，竹子是种很环保的建筑材料。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

The killdeer, a small bird known for its high-pitched(声调高的)call, could lead to the cancellation(取消) of one of Canada' biggest music festivals.

The first hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds. It had laid four eggs nearby, effectively claiming the main stage area as its nesting ground. "This is one of the most challenging problems we've been presented with, but we feel we can work through this," said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival. "Anything that changes the schedule has a major effect, so we're taking it very seriously."

The discovery meant that government officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs, hiring a security guard to watch over them 24 hours a day.

Environmentalists were also brought in. "We don't know when the eggs might hatch," said Monahan. What is known is that the young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon after they are hatched, leading many to hope that the eggs hatch in the next day or so.

The festival is now seeking permission from Environment Canada to relocate(搬迁)the nest

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