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四级真题英语阅读长难句分析

1. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. (2009. 阅读. Text A)

【译文】鲍姆认为，哈密顿和其他人最近的决定可能就是“一种迹象表明人们开始意识到存在一种破坏性竞争”。他是最近一项大学调查报告的组织者之一，这项报告引发了人们对并非基于需要的制度性经济援助的关心。

【析句】复合句。主干是Baum says+宾语从句，也就是Baum说话的内容。宾语从句的主句是Recent decisions may be "a sign that are starting to realize that there is this destructive competition...", 引号内包含两个从句，that引导定语从句修饰a sign, realize后是that引导的宾语从句。最后，co-author of a recent College Report作Baum的同位语，that raises concerns about...是College Report的定语从句。

2. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid. (2009. 阅读. Text A)

【译文】"任何人都不能采取单方面的行动。"莱尔德说，他正在研究是否有必要寻求获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免权，这样一来，其成员大学就可以探讨如何共同削减奖学金支出。【析句】例句二和例句一结构相似：主句Laird says且倒装，引号内是说话的内容，作宾语从句且置于句首。主句后，who is exploring whether to...作定语从句，whether to...作exploring的宾语，而最后so member colleges can discuss how they could reduce merit aid是exploring动作的结果，discuss后是how引导的宾语从句。

3. A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. (2009. 阅读. Text A)

【译文】一个复杂因素就是，奖学金深受不符合助学金申请条件的中层收入家庭的欢迎，甚至许多家庭都依靠它。

【析句】复合句。主句Acomplicating factor is that引导表语从句。表语从句中，主句是merit aid become so popular with middle-income families that many have come to depend on it,包含固定短语so...that+从句，意为“太……以至于……”，句中插入了who引导的定语从句。

1. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. (2009. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】而且这意味着，人们第一次有机会亲自近距离了解平时很难见到的那类非裔妇女。【析句】主句that means that+宾语从句，宾语从句中，主句for the first time people will have a chance to...woman, 其中短语get up close and personal with这一短语结构中，close and personal作伴随状语，最后they so rarely see作the type

of ...woman的定语从句。

2. When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old prov ost of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America. (2009. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】2009年秋季毕业的高中生进入牛津大学时，他们会迎来一个新面孔，安德鲁?

汉密尔顿，55岁的前耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津成为副教务长，职位相当于美国大学的校长。

【析句】复合句。首先是when引导的时间状语从句，主句位于句中，they'll be joined by a new face。Andrew Hamilton，the 55-year-old provost of Yale作a new face 的同位语，而同位语后who'll become Oxford's vice-chancellor是它的定语从句，最后a position equivalent to...又作vice-chancellor的同位语。

3. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen“a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.” (2009. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森·理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。

【析句】本例句与例句2结构相似，句首先是when引导的时间状语从句，another former Yale provost作Alison Richard的同位语。主句位于句中，the university stressed that+宾语从句。可以看出，在介绍某人的年龄、职位等情况时多用同位语。

1. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. (2010. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】如今，由于诸多问题如犯罪频发、交通拥挤、空地缺乏以及奇怪的关于什么对于孩子最好的新观点——能买到的而不是孩子发现的东西，孩子们被剥夺了这种古老的自由。【析句】复合句。主句children are robbed of these ancient freedoms,due to problems like...odd new perceptions about...这句中，due to作原因状语，like这里是介词。about后what is best for children是about的宾语从句，that is to say作插入语，最后有两个that引导的定语从句修饰things并由rather than连接。

2. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive, according to Lee. (2010. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】李认为，越往象牙塔的高处走，薪酬就降得越明显。但是，由于大学需要大量行业经验丰富的研究人员，这就迫使学校提高转向大学做学术的吸引力。

【析句】主句的主干是the demand for scientists... is forcing universities to make..., 具体说来，with a wealth of experience..作伴随状语。这个句子难理解的部分在前面，Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is more significant, 要注意the ladder不是生活中的“梯子”，在这里含有指代意义，尤其指代职场上职位、地位的高低。higher up the ladder在结构上是形容词短语作伴随，并且还有where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。

3. They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain. (2011. 阅读. Text 1)

【译文】他们不会去找腌肉或有机产品，也不会在意菜肴摆放是否漂亮，他们只会寻找任何能得到的食物。这种数量优于质量的做法持续了好几十年，这意味着这一代人所吃的食物是无法与邻近的法国、意大利、比利时或是西班牙相提并论的。

【析句】整句话有两个分句组成，重点在后一分句。主干由and连接两个句子组成，前句they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, 有两点需要注意：一是whatever引导for的宾语从句，二是短语get one's hands on意为“得到某物”；后句and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades,抽象名词prioritisaton作主语,后面是meaning现在分词作伴随，meaning后有宾语从句a generation was brought up with food ，并且food后是that引导的定语从句。

1. Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the

Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. (2011. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】据由联合国前秘书长安南领导的全球人道主义论坛提出的一项报道称，如今全球变暖每年导致30万人死亡以及价值约一万两千五百亿美元的经济损失。

【析句】主句是Global warming is causing...deaths and...losses, 简单句。我们重点看一下后面的修饰部分，according to为复合介词，a report为介词宾语，an organization led by Annan作the Global Humanitarian Forum的同位语，句末的the former UN secretary又作Annan的同位语。

2. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was

"a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. (2011. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】在科罗拉多大学波尔德分校研究灾难规律的政治科学家Roger Pielke Jr.称人道主义论坛的这项报告是“一个方法论上的难题”，因为没有办法区分是与人为因素有关的全球变暖造成的死亡或经济损失还是弱势地区由于人口和经济增长导致的更大的损失。

【析句】复合句。主干是Roger said +that引导的宾语从句，主语Roger后，a political scientist作同位语，紧随其后的是who studies disaster trends定位从句修饰a political scientist。宾语从句中，主句the Forum's report was "a methodological embarrassment",because引导原因状语从句there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses...amid larger losses...,两个losses后分别有分词作定语修饰。

3. In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. (2011. 阅读. Text 2)

【译文】在这项报告的新闻发布会上，安南强调双方协商的重要性，从而将工作重点放在增加从富裕地区到贫困地区的资金流动以帮助降低贫困地区面对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时继续控制温室气体的排放。

【析句】复合句。主句Mr.Annan stressed the need...to focus on...to help reduce..., 主谓宾基本结构后有两个递进的不定式短语作目的状语，to focus on increasing the flow...和to help reduce their vulnerability..., 最后是while引导的时间状语从句。

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18

英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18 86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语causing…作伴随状语。as much as是比较结构，意为“和……一样”。【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。 87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The system was launched and has been hailed。介词as 在这里意为“作为，当作”。【译文】州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。 88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. (2006年6月)

分析经典长难句攻克高考英语阅读

I. For example, adolesce nt boys are more likely to buy computer games tha n any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than 引导的比较状语从句。【词语点拨】1)likely adj.可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能做 He' s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It ' s very likely that he ' ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It ' s likely that the compa ny will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can ' t follow these instructions -- they don ' t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们把句子看了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸弓丨；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don ' t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色，而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sin cerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the in formatio n we n eed. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。【语法点拨】本句中的than any other …，意为"比其他任何一个......... "，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger tha n any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(3)

1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (200 3. 阅读. 6. Text 3) 【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。 3. A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 4) 【译文】海德堡大学应用物理系正在研究的高水平新型隐形眼镜不仅能矫正普通的视力问题，还能把正常夜间视力提高五倍，使人的视力比猫还要敏锐。【析句】复合句。主句是A new high-performance contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision, 可以看出，主句的主干是not only...but(also)结构连接前后两个并列句，contanct lens后有几个介词短语点明了研究的地点。最后，making people's vision...是现在分词引导结果状语。

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法(最新整理)

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有一些长难句，比较难以理解，对做题会有影响。没关系，看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。方法1：找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。如：

People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。方法2：提主干，去枝叶(从句、状语和定语等) 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings

英语四级考试复杂长难句分析(二)

英语四级考试复杂长难句分析(二) 导读：本文英语四级考试复杂长难句分析(二)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。第一章并列平行结构(二) 英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的. 1. More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London. 要点:全句为并列复合句。“and”连接并列句。第二个句子是主从复合句。“which”引出非限制性定语从句，修饰“area”。“that”引出限制性定语从句，修饰“villages”。“what”引出名词从句，作“from”的宾语。参考译文：三百多万人口居住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人口居住在周围的郊区——该地区由原来分散的村庄构成，逐步形成如今被称为的外伦敦。 2. Then I remembered how often I,too,had been indifferent to the grander of each day,too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all. 要点：此句存在着一个“too…to…”结构，即“too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all”。注意：“I,too,had

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