中国合同法中英文对照
【Title】Contract Law of the People''s Republic of China[Effective]【法规标题】中华人民共和国合同法[现行有效]
Date
Issued:
03-15-1999
Effective
date:
10-01-1999
Issuing
authority:
National People's Congress
Area of law:Contract
发布日
期：
1999-03-15
生效日
期：
1999-10-01
发布部
门：
全国人民代表大会
类别：合同
Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
Order [1999] No.15 of the President of the People's Republic of China
Contract Law of the People's Republic of China has been adopted at the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999, and is hereby promulgated, it will come into force as of October 1, 1999.
President of the People's Republic of China: Jiang Zemin
March 15, 1999
Contract Law of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国主席令
（第十五号）
《中华人民共和国合同法》已由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议于１９９９年３月１５日通过，现予公布，自１９９９年１０月１日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席江泽民
１９９９年３月１５日
中华人民共和国合同法
（１９９９年３月１５日第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过）
总则
第一章一般规定
第二章合同的订立
第三章合同的效力
第四章合同的履行
第五章合同的变更和转让
第六章合同的权利义务终止
第七章违约责任
第八章其他规定
分则
第九章买卖合同
第十章供用电、水、气、热力合同
第十一章赠与合同
第十二章借款合同
第十三章租赁合同
第十四章融资租赁合同
第十五章承揽合同
第十六章建设工程合同
第十七章运输合同
第十八章技术合同
第十九章保管合同
第二十章仓储合同
第二十一章委托合同
第二十二章行纪合同
第二十三章居间合同
附则
General Provisions 总则
Chapter 1 General Provisions 第一章一般规定
Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of the contracting parties, to maintain social and economic order, and to promote the process of socialist modernization.
第一条【立法目的】为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。
Article 2 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement among natural persons, legal persons or other organizations as equal parties for the establishment, modification of a relationship involving the civil rights and obligations of such entities.
Agreements concerning personal relationships such as marriage,adoption, guardianship, etc.shall be governed by the provisions in other laws.
第二条【合同定义】本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。
婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规定。
Article 3 Contracting parties shall have equal legal status, and no party may impose its will on the other party.
第三条【平等原则】合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。
Article 4 The parties have the right to lawfully enter into a contract of their own free will in accordance with the law, and no unit or individual may illegally interfere therewith.
第四条【合同自由原则】当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利，任何单位和个人不得非法干预。
Article 5 The parties shall adhere to the principle of fairness in deciding their respective rights and obligations.
第五条【公平原则】当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务。
Article 6 The parties shall observe the principle of honesty and good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations.
第六条【诚实信用原则】当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。
Article 7 In concluding and performing a contract, the parties shall comply with the laws and administrative regulations, respect social ethics, and shall not disrupt the social and economic order or impair the public interests.
第七条【遵纪守法原则】当事人订立、履行合同，应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德，不得扰乱社会经济秩序，损害社会公共利益。
Article 8 A lawfully established contract shall be legally binding on the parties thereto, each of whom shall perform its own obligations in accordance with the terms of the contract, and no party shall unilaterally modify or terminate the contract.
The contract established according to law is protected by law.
第八条【依合同履行义务原则】依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。
依法成立的合同，受法律保护。
Chapter 2 Conclusion of Contracts 第二章合同的订立
Article 9 In entering into a contract, the parties shall have appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts.
A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf in accordance with the law.
第九条【订立合同的能力】当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。
当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。
Article 10 The parties may use written, oral or other forms in entering into a contract.
A contract shall be in written form if the laws or administrative regulations so provide. A contract shall be concluded in written form if the parties so agree.
第十条【合同的形式】当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。
法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。当事人约定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。
Article 11 "Written form" refers to a form such as a written contractual agreement, letter, electronic data text(including a telegram, telex, fax, electronic data exchange and e-mail)that can tangibly express the contents contained therein.
第十一条【书面形式】书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。
Article 12 The contents of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties, and shall generally contain the following clauses:
(1) titles or names and domiciles of the parties;
(2) subject matter;
(3) quantity;
(4) quality;
(5) price or remuneration;
第十二条【合同内容】合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款：
（一）当事人的名称或者姓名和住所；
（二）标的；
（三）数量；
（四）质量；
（五）价款或者报酬；
（六）履行期限、地点和方式；
（七）违约责任；
（八）解决争议的方法。
(6) time limit, place and method of performance;
(7) liability for breach of contract; and
(8) method to settle disputes.
The parties may conclude a contract by reference to a model text of each kind of contract.
当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。
Article 13 The parties shall conclude a contract in the form of an offer and an acceptance.
第十三条【订立合同方式】当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。
Article 14 An offer is an expression of an intent to enter into a contract with another person. Such expression of intent shall comply with the following:
(1) its contents shall be specific and definite;
(2) it indicates that the offeror will be bound by the expression of intent in case of acceptance by the offeree.
第十四条【要约】要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定：
（一）内容具体确定；
（二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。
Article 15 An invitation for offer is an expression of an intent to invite other parties to make offers thereto. Mailed price lists, public notices of auction and tender, prospectuses and commercial advertisements, etc. are invitations for offer.
Where the contents of a commercial advertisement meet the requirements for an offer, it shall be regarded as an offer.
第十五条【要约邀请】要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请。
商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。
Article 16 An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.
If a contract is concluded through data-telex, and a recipient designates a specific system to receive the date-telex, the time when the data-telex enters such specific system shall be the time of arrival; if no specific system is appointed, the time when the data-telex first enters any of the recipient's systems shall be regarded as the time of arrival.
第十六条【要约的生效】要约到达受要约人时生效。
采用数据电文形式订立合同，收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，该数据电文进入该特定系统的时间，视为到达时间；未指定特定系统的，该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的首次时间，视为到达时间。
Article 17 An offer may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice shall reach the offeree before or at the same time when the offer arrives.
第十七条【要约的撤回】要约可以撤回。撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到达受要约人。
Article 18 An offer may be revoked. The revocation notice shall 第十八条【要约的撤销】要
reach the offeree before it has dispatched a notice of acceptance. 约可以撤销。撤销要约的通知应当
在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达
受要约人。
Article 19 An offer may not be revoked, if
(1) the offeror indicates a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise explicitly states that the offer is irrevocable; or
(2) the offeree has reasons to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and has made preparation for performing the contact.
第十九条【要约不得撤销的情形】有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销：
（一）要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销；
（二）受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。
Article 20 An offer shall lose efficacy under any of the following circumstances:
(1) the notice of rejection reaches the offeror;
(2) the offeror revokes the offer in accordance with the law;
(3) the offeree fails to dispatch an acceptance before the expiration of the time limit for acceptance;
(4) the offeree makes substantial changes to the contents of the offer.
第二十条【要约的失效】有下列情形之一的，要约失效：
（一）拒绝要约的通知到达要约人；
（二）要约人依法撤销要约；
（三）承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺；
（四）受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。
Article 21 An acceptance is the expression of an intention to by the offeree to assent to the offer.
第二十一条【承诺的定义】承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。
Article 22 The acceptance shall be made in the form of a notice, except where acceptance may be made by an act on the basis of customary business practice or as expressed in the offer.
第二十二条【承诺的方式】承诺应当以通知的方式作出，但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出承诺的除外。
Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit prescribed in the offer.
Where no time limit is prescribed in the offer, the acceptance shall reach the offeror in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) if the offer is made in dialogues, the acceptance shall be made immediately unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties;
(2) If the offer is made in forms other than a dialogue, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable period of time.
第二十三条【承诺的期限】承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人。
要约没有确定承诺期限的，承诺应当依照下列规定到达：
（一）要约以对话方式作出的，应当即时作出承诺，但当事人另有约定的除外；
（二）要约以非对话方式作出的，承诺应当在合理期限内到达。
Article 24 Where an offer is made by letter or telegram, the time limit for acceptance shall accrue from the date shown in the letter or from the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch. If no such date is shown in the letter, it shall accrue from the postmark date on the envelope.
Where an offer is made by means of instantaneous communication, such as telephone or facsimile,etc. the time limit for acceptance shall accrue from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.
第二十四条【承诺期限的起点】要约以信件或者电报作出的，承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开始计算。信件未载明日期的，自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算。要约以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的，承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算。
Article 25 A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective.
第二十五条【合同成立时间】承诺生效时合同成立。
Article 26 An acceptance becomes effective when its notice reaches the offeror. If notice of acceptance is not required, the acceptance shall become effective when an act of acceptance is performed in accordance with transaction practices or as required in the offer.
Where a contract is concluded in the form of date-telex, the time of arrival of an acceptance shall be governed by the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law.
第二十六条【承诺的生效】承诺通知到达要约人时生效。承诺不需要通知的，根据交易习惯或者要约的要求作出承诺的行为时生效。
采用数据电文形式订立合同的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。
Article 27 An acceptance may be withdrawn, but a notice of withdrawal shall reach the offeror before or at the same time when the notice of acceptance reaches the offeror.
第二十七条【承诺的撤回】承诺可以撤回。撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通知同时到达要约人。
Article 28 Where an offeree makes an acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, the acceptance shall be a new offer except that the offeror promptly informs the offeree of the effectiveness of the said acceptance.
第二十八条【新要约】受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的，除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的以外，为新要约。
Article 29 If the offeree dispatched the acceptance within the time limit specified for acceptance, and under normal circumstances the acceptance would have reached the offeror in due time, but due to other reasons the acceptance reaches the offeror after the time limit for acceptance has expired,such acceptance shall be effective, unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that it does not accept the acceptance due to the failure of the acceptance to arrive within the time limit.
第二十九条【迟到的承诺】受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人，但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效。
Article 30 The contents of an acceptance shall comply with those 第三十条【承诺的变更】承
of the offer. If the offeree substantially modifies the contents of the offer, it shall constitute a new offer. The modification relating to the subject matter, quality, quantity, price or remuneration, time or place or method of performance, liabilities for breach of contract and method of dispute resolution, etc. shall constitute the substantial modification of an offer. 诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致。受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的，为新要约。有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法等的变更，是对要约内容的实质性变更。
Article 31 If the acceptance does not substantially modifies the contents of the offer, it shall be effective, and the contents of the contract shall be subject to those of the acceptance, except as rejected promptly by the offeror or indicated in the offer that an acceptance may not modify the offer at all.
第三十一条【承诺的内容】承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的，除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外，该承诺有效，合同的内容以承诺的内容为准。
Article 32 Where the parties conclude a contract in written form, the contract is established when it is signed or sealed by the parties.
第三十二条【合同成立时间】当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立。
Article 33 Where the parties conclude the contract in the form of letters or data-telex, etc., one party may request to sign a letter of confirmation before the conclusion of the contract. The contract shall be established at the time when the letter of confirmation is signed.
第三十三条【确认书与合同成立】当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求签订确认书。签订确认书时合同成立。
Article 34 The place of effectiveness of an acceptance shall be the place of the establishment of the contract.
If the contract is concluded in the form of data-telex, the main business place of the recipient shall be the place of establishment. If the recipient does not have a main business place, its habitual residence shall be considered to be the place of establishment. Where the parties agree otherwise, such agreement shall apply.
第三十四条【合同成立地点】承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。
采用数据电文形式订立合同的，收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；没有主营业地的，其经常居住地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。
Article 35 Where the parties conclude a contract in written form, the place where both parties sign or affix their seals on the contract shall be the place of establishment.
第三十五条【书面合同成立地点】当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，双方当事人签字或者盖章的地点为合同成立的地点。
Article 36 Where a contract is to be concluded in written form as required by relevant laws and administrative regulations or as agreed by the parties, and the parties failed to conclude the contract in written form, but one party has performed the principal obligation and the other party has accepted it, the contract is established.
第三十六条【书面合同与合同成立】法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定采用书面形式订立合同，当事人未采用书面形式但一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。
Article 37 Where a contract is to be concluded in written form, if 第三十七条【合同书与合同
one party has performed its principal obligation and the other party has accepted it before signing or sealing of the contract, the contract is established. 成立】采用合同书形式订立合同，在签字或者盖章之前，当事人一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。
Article 38 Where the State has issued a mandatory plan or a State purchasing order based on necessity,the relevant legal persons and the other organizations shall conclude a contract between them in accordance with the rights and obligations as stipulated by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.
第三十八条【依国家计划订立合同】国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的，有关法人、其他组织之间应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。
Article 39 Where standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract, the party supplying the standard terms shall define the rights and obligations between the parties abiding by the principle of fairness, and shall inform the other party to note the exclusion or restriction of its liabilities in a reasonable way, and shall explain the standard terms upon request by the other
party.
Standard terms are clauses that are prepared in advance for general and repeated use by one party, and which are not negotiated with the other party when the contract is concluded.
第三十九条【格式合同条款定义及使用人义务】采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对方的要求，对该条款予以说明。
格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。
Article 40 When standard terms are under the circumstances stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of this Law,or the party which supplies the standard terms exempts itself from its liabilities, increases the liabilities of the other party, and deprives the material rights of the other party, the terms shall be invalid.
第四十条【格式合同条款的无效】格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的，或者提供格式条款一方免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效。
Article 41 If a dispute over the understanding of the standard terms occurs, it shall be interpreted in accordance with common understanding. Where there are two or more kinds of interpretation, an interpretation unfavorable to the party supplying the standard terms shall prevail. Where the standard terms are inconsistent with non-standard terms, the latter shall prevail.
第四十一条【格式合同的解释】对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致的，应当采用非格式条款。
Article 42 The party shall be liable for damage if it is under one of the following circumstances in concluding a contract and thus causing losses to the other party:
(1) pretending to conclude a contract, and negotiating in bad faith;
(2) deliberately concealing important facts relating to the conclusion of the contract or providing false information;
第四十二条【缔约过失】当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任：
（一）假借订立合同，恶意进行磋商；
（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；
（三）有其他违背诚实信用原
(3) performing other acts which violate the principle of good faith. 则的行为。
Article 43 A trade secret the parties learn in concluding a contract shall not be disclosed or improperly used, no matter the contract is established or not. If the party discloses or improperly uses such trade secret and thus causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages.
第四十三条【保密义务】当事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业秘密，无论合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正当地使用。泄露或者不正当地使用该商业秘密给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。
Chapter 3 Validity of Contracts 第三章合同的效力
Article 44 The contract established according to law becomes effective upon its establishment.
With regard to contracts that are subject to approval or registration as stipulated by relevant laws or administrative regulations, the provisions thereof shall be followed.
第四十四条【合同的生效】依法成立的合同，自成立时生效。
法律、行政法规规定应当办理批准、登记等手续生效的，依照其规定。
Article 45 The parties may agree on that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions. A contract whose effectiveness is subject to certain conditions shall become effective when such conditions are accomplished. The contract with dissolving conditions shall become invalid when such conditions are satisfied.
If a party improperly prevent the satisfaction of a condition for its own interests, the condition shall be regarded as having been accomplished. If a party improperly facilitates the satisfaction of a condition, such condition shall be regarded as not to have been satisfied.
第四十五条【附条件的合同】当事人对合同的效力可以约定附条件。附生效条件的合同，自条件成就时生效。附解除条件的合同，自条件成就时失效。
当事人为自己的利益不正当地阻止条件成就的，视为条件已成就；不正当地促成条件成就的，视为条件不成就。
Article 46 The parties may agree on a conditional time period as to the effectiveness of the contract. A contract subject to an effective time period shall come into force when the period expires. A contract with termination time period shall become invalid when the period expires.
第四十六条【附期限的合同】当事人对合同的效力可以约定附期限。附生效期限的合同，自期限届至时生效。附终止期限的合同，自期限届满时失效。
Article 47 A contract concluded by a person with limited civil capacity of conduct shall be effective after being ratified afterwards by the person's statutory agent, but a pure profit-making contract or a contract concluded which is appropriate to the person's age, intelligence or mental health conditions need not be ratified by the person's statutory agent.
The counterpart may urge the statutory agent to ratify the
第四十七条【限制行为能力人订立的合同】限制民事行为能力人订立的合同，经法定代理人追认后，该合同有效，但纯获利益的合同或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应而订立的合同，不必经法定代理人追认。
相对人可以催告法定代理人在
contract within one month. It shall be regarded as a refusal of ratification that the statutory agent does not make any expression.
A bona fide counterpart has the right to withdraw it before the contract is ratified.The withdrawal shall be made by means of notice. 一个月内予以追认。法定代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。
Article 48 A contract concluded by an actor who as no power of agency, who oversteps the power of agency, or whose power of agency has expired and yet concludes it on behalf of the principal,shall have no legally binding force on the principal without ratification by the principal, and the actor shall be held liable.
The counterpart may urge the principal to ratify it within one month. It shall be regarded as a refusal of ratification that the principal does not make any expression. A bona fide counterpart has the right to withdraw it before the contract is ratified. The withdrawal shall be made by means of notice.
第四十八条【无权代理人订立的合同】行为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立的合同，未经被代理人追认，对被代理人不发生效力，由行为人承担责任。
相对人可以催告被代理人在一个月内予以追认。被代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被追认之前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。
Article 49 If an actor has no power of agency, oversteps the power of agency, or the power of agency has expired and yet concludes a contract in the principal's name, and the counterpart has reasons to trust that the actor has the power of agency, the act of agency shall be effective.
第四十九条【表见代理】行为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立合同，相对人有理由相信行为人有代理权的，该代理行为有效。
Article 50 Where a statutory representative or a responsible person of a legal person or other organization oversteps his/her power and concludes a contract, the representative act shall be effective except that the counterpart knows or ought to know that he/she is overstepping his/her powers.
第五十条【法定代表人越权行为】法人或者其他组织的法定代表人、负责人超越权限订立的合同，除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限的以外，该代表行为有效。
Article 51 Where a person having no right to disposal of property disposes of other persons' properties,and the principal ratifies the act afterwards or the person without power of disposal has obtained the power after concluding a contract, the contract shall be valid.
第五十一条【无处分权人订立的合同】无处分权的人处分他人财产，经权利人追认或者无处分权的人订立合同后取得处分权的，该合同有效。
Article 52 A contract shall be null and void under any of the following circumstances:
(1) a contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by one party to damage the interests of the State;
(2) malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests of the
第五十二条【合同无效的法定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同无效：
（一）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段订立合同，损害国家利益；
（二）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益；
State, a collective or a third party;
(3) an illegitimate purpose is concealed under the guise of legitimate acts;
(4) damaging the public interests;
(5) violating the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations.
（三）以合法形式掩盖非法目的；
（四）损害社会公共利益；
（五）违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。
Article 53 The following exception clauses in a contract shall be null and void:
(1) those that cause personal injury to the other party;
(2) those that cause property damages to the other party as result of deliberate intent or gross negligence.
第五十三条【合同免责条款的无效】合同中的下列免责条款无效：
（一）造成对方人身伤害的；
（二）因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的。
Article 54 A party shall have the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke the following contracts:
(1) those concluded as a result of significant misconception;
(2) those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.
If a contract is concluded by one party against the other party's true intentions through the use of fraud, coercion, or exploitation of the other party's unfavorable position, the injured party shall have the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke it.
Where a party requests for modification, the people's court or the arbitration institution may not revoke the contract.
第五十四条【可撤销合同】下列合同，当事人一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更或者撤销：
（一）因重大误解订立的；
（二）在订立合同时显失公平的。
一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下订立的合同，受损害方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更或者撤销。
当事人请求变更的，人民法院或者仲裁机构不得撤销。
Article 55 The right to revoke a contract shall extinguish under any of the following circumstances:
(1) a party having the right to revoke the contract fails to exercise the right within one year from the day that it knows or ought to know the revoking causes;
(2) a party having the right to revoke the contract explicitly
第五十五条【撤销权的消灭】有下列情形之一的，撤销权消灭：（一）具有撤销权的当事人自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内没有行使撤销权；
（二）具有撤销权的当事人知道撤销事由后明确表示或者以自己的行为放弃撤销权。
expresses or conducts an act to waive the right after it knows the revoking causes.
Article 56 A contract that is null and void or revoked shall have no legally binding force ever from the very beginning. If part of a contract is null and void without affecting the validity of the other parts, the other parts shall still be valid.
第五十六条【合同自始无效与部分有效】无效的合同或者被撤销的合同自始没有法律约束力。合同部分无效，不影响其他部分效力的，其他部分仍然有效。
Article 57 If a contract is null and void, revoked or terminated, it shall not affect the validity of the dispute settlement clause which is independently existing in the contract.
第五十七条【合同解决争议条款的效力】合同无效、被撤销或者终止的，不影响合同中独立存在的有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。
Article 58 The property acquired as a result of a contract shall be returned after the contract is confirmed to be null and void or has been revoked; where the property can not be returned or the return is unnecessary, it shall be reimbursed at its estimated price. The party at fault shall compensate the other party for losses incurred as a result therefrom. If both parties are fault,each party shall respectively be liable.
第五十八条【合同无效或被撤销的法律后果】合同无效或者被撤销后，因该合同取得的财产，应当予以返还；不能返还或者没有必要返还的，应当折价补偿。有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受到的损失，双方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任。
Article 59 If the parties have maliciously conducted collusion to damage the interests of the State, a collective or a third party, the property thus acquired shall be turned over to the State or returned to the collective or the third party.
第五十九条【恶意串通获取财产的返还】当事人恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的，因此取得的财产收归国家所有或者返还集体、第三人。
Chapter 4 Performance of Contracts 第四章合同的履行
Article 60 Each party shall fully perform its own obligations as agreed upon.
The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith, and perform obligations of notification, assistance, and confidentiality, etc. in accordance with the nature and purpose of the contract and the transaction practice.
第六十条【严格履行与诚实信用】当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。
当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。
Article 61 Where, after the contract becomes effective, there is no agreement in the contract between the parties on such contents as quality, price or remuneration, or place of performance etc., or such agreement is ambiguous, the parties may agree upon supplementary terms through consultation;if a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, such terms shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or the transaction practices.
第六十一条【合同约定不明的补救】合同生效后，当事人就质量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，按照合同有关条款或者交易习惯确定。
Article 62 Where certain contents agreed upon by the parties in the contract are ambiguous and cannot be determined in accordance with the provisions in Article 61 of this Law, the following provisions shall be applied:
(1) if quality requirement is not clear, performance shall be in accordance with the state standard or industry standard; absent any state or industry standard, performance shall be in accordance with the customary standard or any particular standard consistent with the purpose of the contract;
(2) if price or remuneration is not clear, performance shall be in accordance with the prevailing market price at the place of performance at the time the contract was concluded, and if adoption of a price commissioned by the government or based on government issued pricing guidelines is required by law, such requirement applies;
(3) where the place of performance is not clear, if the obligation is payment of money,performance shall be at the place where the payee is located; if the obligation is delivery of immovable property, performance shall be at the place where the immovable property is located;for any other subject matter, performance shall be effected at the place of location of the party fulfilling the obligations.
(4) if the time of performance is not clear, the obligor may perform, and the obligee may require performance, at any time, provided that the other party shall be given the time required for preparation;
(5) if the method of performance is not clear, performance shall be rendered in a manner which is conducive to realizing the purpose of the contract;
(6) if the responsibility for the expenses of performance is not clear, the party fulfilling the obligations shall bear the expenses.
第六十二条【合同约定不明时的履行】当事人就有关合同内容约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规定：
（一）质量要求不明确的，按照国家标准、行业标准履行；没有国家标准、行业标准的，按照通常标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准履行。
（二）价款或者报酬不明确的，按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格履行；依法应当执行政府定价或者政府指导价的，按照规定履行。
（三）履行地点不明确，给付货币的，在接受货币一方所在地履行；交付不动产的，在不动产所在地履行；其他标的，在履行义务一方所在地履行。
（四）履行期限不明确的，债务人可以随时履行，债权人也可以随时要求履行，但应当给对方必要的准备时间。
（五）履行方式不明确的，按照有利于实现合同目的的方式履行。
（六）履行费用的负担不明确的，由履行义务一方负担。
Article 63 Where the government-fixed price or
government-directed price is followed in a contract, if the said price is readjusted within the time limit for delivery as stipulated in the contract,the payment shall be calculated according to the price at the time of delivery. Where a party delays in delivering the
第六十三条【交付期限与价格执行】执行政府定价或者政府指导价的，在合同约定的交付期限内政府价格调整时，按照交付时的价格计价。逾期交付标的物的，遇价
subject matter, the original price shall be adopted if the price rises;and the new price shall be adopted if the price falls. Where a party delays in taking delivery of the subject matter or making payment, the new price shall be adopted if the price rises, and the original price shall be adopted if the price falls. 格上涨时，按照原价格执行；价格下降时，按照新价格执行。逾期提取标的物或者逾期付款的，遇价格上涨时，按照新价格执行；价格下降时，按照原价格执行。
Article 64 Where the parties agree that the obligor shall perform the obligations to a third party, and the obligor fails to perform its obligations to such third party or its performance of the obligations is not in conformity with the agreement, the obligor shall be liable to the obligee for breach of contract.
第六十四条【向第三人履行合同】当事人约定由债务人向第三人履行债务的，债务人未向第三人履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，应当向债权人承担违约责任。
Article 65 Where the parties agree that a third party performs the obligations to the obligee, and the third party fails to perform the obligations or the performance is not in conformity with the agreement, the obligor shall be liable to the obligee for breach of contract.
第六十五条【第三人不履行合同的责任承担】当事人约定由第三人向债权人履行债务，第三人不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，债务人应当向债权人承担违约责任。
Article 66 Where both parties have obligations toward one another and there is no order of priority in respect of the performance of obligations, the parties shall perform the obligations simultaneously. Each party has the right to reject any demand by the other party for performance prior to the performance by the other party. If the performance of the obligations of the party who is to perform first is not in conformity with the agreement, the party who is perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand for corresponding performance.
第六十六条【同时履行抗辩权】当事人互负债务，没有先后履行顺序的，应当同时履行。一方在对方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要求。一方在对方履行债务不符合约定时，有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。
Article 67 Where both parties have obligations toward each other and there is an order of priority in respect of the performance, and the party who is to perform first fails to perform, the party who is to perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand for performance. If the performance of the obligations of the party who is to perform first is not in conformity with the
agreement, the party who is to perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand for corresponding performance.
第六十七条【先履行义务】当事人互负债务，有先后履行顺序，先履行一方未履行的，后履行一方有权拒绝其履行要求。先履行一方履行债务不符合约定的，后履行一方有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。
Article 68 The party required to perform first may suspend its performance if it has conclusive evidence showing that the other party is under any of the following circumstances:
(1) its business has seriously deteriorated;
(2) it has engaged in transfer of assets or withdrawal of funds for
第六十八条【不安抗辩权】应当先履行债务的当事人，有确切证据证明对方有下列情形之一的，可以中止履行：
（一）经营状况严重恶化；
（二）转移财产、抽逃资金，以逃避债务；
the purpose of evading debts;
(3) it has lost its business creditworthiness;
(4) it is in any other circumstance which will or may cause it to lose its ability to perform.
Where a party suspends performance without conclusive evidence, it shall be liable for breach of contract.
（三）丧失商业信誉；
（四）有丧失或者可能丧失履行债务能力的其他情形。
当事人没有确切证据中止履行的，应当承担违约责任。
Article 69 If a party suspends its performance in accordance with the provisions of Article 68 of this Law, it shall timely notify the other party. If the other party provides appropriate assurance for its performance, the party shall resume performance. After performance was suspended, if the
other party fails to regain its ability to perform and fails to provide appropriate assurance within a reasonable time, the suspending party may terminate the contract.
第六十九条【不安抗辩权的行使】当事人依照本法第六十八条的规定中止履行的，应当及时通知对方。对方提供适当担保时，应当恢复履行。中止履行后，对方在合理期限内未恢复履行能力并且未提供适当担保的，中止履行的一方可以解除合同。
Article 70 Where the obligee fails to notify the obligor of its separation, merger, or change of the domicile, thereby making it difficult for the obligor to perform its obligations, the obligor may suspend its performance or escrow the subject matter.
第七十条【因债权人原因致债务履行困难的处理】债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存。
Article 71 The obligee may reject the obligor's advance performance of its obligations, except that the advance performance does not harm the obligee's interests.
Any additional expense incurred by the obligee due to the obligor's advance performance of its obligations shall be borne by the obligor.
第七十一条【债务的提前履行】债权人可以拒绝债务人提前履行债务，但提前履行不损害债权人利益的除外。
债务人提前履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。
Article 72 An obligee may reject the obligor's partial performance, except that the partial performance of its obligations does not harm the obligee's interests.
Any additional expense incurred by the obligee due to the obligor's partial performance of its obligations shall be borne by the obligor.
第七十二条【债务的部分履行】债权人可以拒绝债务人部分履行债务，但部分履行不损害债权人利益的除外。
债务人部分履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。
Article 73 Where the obligor is remiss in exercising its due creditor's right, thereby harming the obligee's interests, the obligee may petition the People's Court for subrogation in its own
第七十三条【债权人的代位权】因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以
name,except that the creditor's right exclusively belongs to the obligor.
The extent to which the subrogation rights can be exercised is limited to the obligee's rights. The expenses necessary for the obligee to exercise such subrogation rights shall be borne by the obligor. 向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权，但该债权专属于债务人自身的除外。
代位权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。债权人行使代位权的必要费用，由债务人负担。
Article 74 Where the obligor waives its creditor's right against a third party that is due or assigns its property without reward, thereby harming the obligee's interests, the obligee may petition the People's Court for cancellation of the obligor's act. Where the obligor assigns its property
at a low price which is manifestly unreasonable, thereby harming the obligee's interests, and the assignee is aware of the situation, the obligee may also petition the People's Court for cancellation of the obligor's act.
The extent to which the right to cancel can be exercised is limited to the rights of the obligee. The expenses necessary for the obligee to exercise the right to cancel shall be borne by the obligor.
第七十四条【债权人的撤销权】因债务人放弃其到期债权或者无偿转让财产，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产，对债权人造成损害，并且受让人知道该情形的，债权人也可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。
撤销权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。债权人行使撤销权的必要费用，由债务人负担。
Article 75 The right to cancel shall be exercised within one year form the date the obligee knows or should have known of the matter for cancellation. Such right to cancel shall lapse if the obligee fails to exercise such rights within five years from the date of the occurrence of such act.
第七十五条【撤销权的期间】撤销权自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内行使。自债务人的行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的，该撤销权消灭。
Article 76 Once a contract becomes effective, a party may not refuse to perform its obligations thereunder due to a change in its name, or its legal representative, the person in charge, or the person handling the contract.
第七十六条【当事人变化对合同履行的影响】合同生效后，当事人不得因姓名、名称的变更或者法定代表人、负责人、承办人的变动而不履行合同义务。
Chapter 5 Modification and Assignment of Contracts 第五章合同的变更和转让
Article 77 A contract may be modified if the parties reach a consensus through consultation.
If the laws or administrative regulations so provide, approval and registration procedures for such modification shall be gone through in accordance with such provisions.
第七十七条【合同变更条件】当事人协商一致，可以变更合同。
法律、行政法规规定变更合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的，依照其规定。
Article 78 Where an agreement by the parties on the contents of a 第七十八条【合同变更内容
modification is ambiguous, the contract shall be presumed as not having been modified. 不明的处理】当事人对合同变更的内容约定不明确的，推定为未变更。
Article 79 The obligee may assign its rights under a contract, in whole or in part, to a third party,except under the following circumstances:
(1) such rights may not be assigned in light of the nature of the contract;
(2) such rights may not be assigned according to the agreement between the parties;
(3) such rights may not be assigned according to the provisions of the laws.
第七十九条【债权的转让】债权人可以将合同的权利全部或者部分转让给第三人，但有下列情形之一的除外：
（一）根据合同性质不得转让；
（二）按照当事人约定不得转让；
（三）依照法律规定不得转让。
Article 80 Where the obligee assigns its rights, it shall notify the obligor. Such assignment will have no effect on the obligor without notice thereof.
A notice by the obligee to assign its rights shall not be revoked, unless such revocation is consented to by the assignee.
第八十条【债权转让的通知义务】债权人转让权利的，应当通知债务人。未经通知，该转让对债务人不发生效力。
债权人转让权利的通知不得撤销，但经受让人同意的除外。
Article 81 Where the obligee assigns its right, the assignee shall acquire the collateral rights related to the principal rights, except that the collateral rights exclusively belong to the obligee.
第八十一条【从权利的转移】债权人转让权利的，受让人取得与债权有关的从权利，但该从权利专属于债权人自身的除外。
Article 82 Upon receipt of the notice of assignment of rights, the obligor may assert against the assignee any defenses it has against the assignor.
第八十二条【债务人的抗辩权】债务人接到债权转让通知后，债务人对让与人的抗辩，可以向受让人主张。
Article 83 Upon receipt by the obligor of the notice of assignment of rights, the obligor shall have vested rights against the assignor, and if the rights of the obligor vest prior to or at the same time as the assigned rights, the obligor may claim an offset against the assignee.
第八十三条【债务人的抵销权】债务人接到债权转让通知时，债务人对让与人享有债权，并且债务人的债权先于转让的债权到期或者同时到期的，债务人可以向受让人主张抵销。
Article 84 Where the obligor delegates its obligations under a contract in whole or in part to a third party, such delegation shall be subject to the consent of the obligee.
第八十四条【债权人同意】债务人将合同的义务全部或者部分转移给第三人的，应当经债权人同意。
Article 85 Where the obligor delegates its obligation, the new obligor may exercise any defense that the original obligor had against the obligee.
第八十五条【承担人的抗辩】债务人转移义务的，新债务人可以主张原债务人对债权人的抗辩。
Article 86 Where the obligor delegates its obligation, the new obligor shall assume the incidental obligations related to the main obligations, except that the obligations exclusively belong to the original obligor.
第八十六条【从债的转移】债务人转移义务的，新债务人应当承担与主债务有关的从债务，但该从债务专属于原债务人自身的除外。
Article 87 Where the laws or administrative regulations stipulate that the assignment of rights or transfer of obligations shall undergo approval or registration procedures, such provisions shall be followed.
第八十七条【合同转让形式要件】法律、行政法规规定转让权利或者转移义务应当办理批准、登记等手续的，依照其规定。
Article 88 Upon the consent of the other party, one party may transfer its rights together with its obligations under contract to a third party.
第八十八条【概括转让】当事人一方经对方同意，可以将自己在合同中的权利和义务一并转让给第三人。
Article 89 Where the rights and obligations are transferred together, the provisions in Articles 79,Articles 81 to 83, and Articles 85 to 87 of this Law shall be applied.
第八十九条【概括转让的效力】权利和义务一并转让的，适用本法第七十九条、第八十一条至第八十三条、第八十五条至第八十七条的规定。
Article 90 Where a party is merged after the contract has been concluded, the legal person or other organization established after the merger shall exercise the rights and obligations thereunder.Unless otherwise agreed upon by the obligor and obligee, the legal persons or other organizations that exist after the division shall jointly enjoy the rights and jointly assume the obligations
under the contract.
第九十条【新当事人的概括承受】当事人订立合同后合并的，由合并后的法人或者其他组织行使合同权利，履行合同义务。当事人订立合同后分立的，除债权人和债务人另有约定的以外，由分立的法人或者其他组织对合同的权利和义务享有连带债权，承担连带债务。
Chapter 6 Termination of Contractual Rights and Obligations 第六章合同的权利义务终止
Article 91 The rights and obligations under a contract shall be terminated under any of the following circumstances:
(1) the obligations have been performed as agreed upon;
(2) the contract has been rescinded;
(3) the obligations have been offset against each other;
(4) the obligor has escrowed the subject matter accordance with the law;
(5) the obligee has released the obligor of its obligation;
第九十一条【合同消灭的原因】有下列情形之一的，合同的权利义务终止：
（一）债务已经按照约定履行；
（二）合同解除；
（三）债务相互抵销；
（四）债务人依法将标的物提存；
（五）债权人免除债务；
（六）债权债务同归于一人；
（七）法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形。
(6) the rights and obligations have vested in one party;
(7) any other circumstances for termination as stipulated by the laws or agreed upon by the parties.
Article 92 After the termination of the rights and obligations under the contract, the parties shall observe the principal of honesty and good faith and perform the obligations of notification,assistance and confidentiality, etc. in accordance with relevant transaction practices.
第九十二条【合同终止后的义务】合同的权利义务终止后，当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则，根据交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。
Article 93 The parties may terminate a contract if they reach a consensus through consultation.
The parties may agree upon conditions under which either party may terminate the contract.Upon satisfaction of the conditions, the party who has the right to terminate may terminate the contract.
第九十三条【合同约定解除】当事人协商一致，可以解除合同。
当事人可以约定一方解除合同的条件。解除合同的条件成就时，解除权人可以解除合同。
Article 94 The parties to a contract may terminate the contract under any of the following circumstances:
(1) it is rendered impossible to achieve the purpose of contract due to an event of force majeure;
(2) prior to the expiration of the period of performance, the other party expressly states, or indicates through its conduct, that it will not perform its main obligation;
(3) the other party delayed performance of its main obligation after such performance has been demand, and fails to perform within a reasonable period;
(4) the other party delays performance of its obligations, or breaches the contract in some other manner, rendering it impossible to achieve the purpose of the contract;
(5) other circumstance as provided by law.
第九十四条【合同的法定解除】有下列情形之一的，当事人可以解除合同：
（一）因不可抗力致使不能实现合同目的；
（二）在履行期限届满之前，当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行主要债务；
（三）当事人一方迟延履行主要债务，经催告后在合理期限内仍未履行；
（四）当事人一方迟延履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能实现合同目的；
（五）法律规定的其他情形。
Article 95 Where the laws stipulates or the parties agreed upon the time limit to exercise the right to terminate the contract, and no party exercises it when the time limit expires, the said right shall be extinguished.
第九十五条【解除权消灭】法律规定或者当事人约定解除权行使期限，期限届满当事人不行使的，该权利消灭。
Where neither the law stipulates nor the parties make an agreement upon the time limit to exercise the right to terminate the contract, and no party exercise it within a reasonable time period after being urged, the said right shall be extinguished.
法律没有规定或者当事人没有约定解除权行使期限，经对方催告后在合理期限内不行使的，该权利消灭。
Article 96 A party demanding termination of a contract in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 93 and Article 94 of this Law shall notify the other party. The contract shall be terminated upon the receipt of the notice by the other party. If the other party objects to such termination, it may petition the People's Court or an arbitration institution to adjudicate the validity of the termination of the contract.
Where the laws and administrative regulations so provide, the approval and registration procedures for the termination of the contract shall be gone through in accordance with such laws and regulations.
第九十六条【解除权的行使】当事人一方依照本法第九十三条第二款、第九十四条的规定主张解除合同的，应当通知对方。合同自通知到达对方时解除。对方有异议的，可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力。
法律、行政法规规定解除合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的，依照其规定。
Article 97 After the termination of a contract, performance shall cease if the contract has not been performed; if the contract has been performed, a party may, in accordance with the circumstances of performance or the nature of the contract, demand the other party to restore such party to its original state or adopt other remedial measures, and such party shall have the right to demand compensation for damages.
第九十七条【解除的效力】合同解除后，尚未履行的，终止履行；已经履行的，根据履行情况和合同性质，当事人可以要求恢复原状、采取其他补救措施、并有权要求赔偿损失。
Article 98 The termination of rights and obligations under a contact shall not affect the validity of clauses that related to the final settlement of accounts and winding-up.
第九十八条【结算、清理条款效力】合同的权利义务终止，不影响合同中结算和清理条款的效力。
Article 99 Where the parties are liable to one another for obligations that are due, and if the type and nature of the subject matter of such obligations are the same, any party may offset its own obligation against the obligation of the other party, except unless such offset is not allowed according to the laws and regulations or cannot be made given the nature of the contract.
The party who claims such offset shall notify the other party. The notice shall become effective when it reaches the other party. The offset shall not be subject to any condition or time limit.
第九十九条【债务的抵销及行使】当事人互负到期债务，该债务的标的物种类、品质相同的，任何一方可以将自己的债务与对方的债务抵销，但依照法律规定或者按照合同性质不得抵销的除外。
当事人主张抵销的，应当通知对方。通知自到达对方时生效。抵销不得附条件或者附期限。
Article 100 Where the parties have obligations towards one another, and the type and nature of such obligations are different,
第一百条【债务的约定抵销】当事人互负债务，标的物种类、品
中华人民共和国合同法概述(英文版)(doc 90页)
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英国合同法复习资料
英国合同法复习资料 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Lecture 1 Offer and acceptance I What is an offer? Key principles: An offer is a statement which objectively indicates that the offeror is prepared 900 pounds”P:“We agree to buy for the sum of 900 pounds asked by you” D refused to sell. Held: D is not b ound. P’s first telegram asked two questions and D answered only the second. D had made no promise, express or implied to sell. A statement of the minimum price at which a sell the house to you” and invited Gibson to fill in a form. Gibson filled in but council refused to sell. Held: No contract. The words “may be prepared to sell” are fatal to this. The Council did not make an offer but only invited offers and the tenant made a firm offer which was rejected by the Council. The tenant’s application was an offer rather than an acceptance. Recognized instances of invitations to treat Advertisements Key principles: Advertisements are normally invitations to treat because it is clear that the each. No details as to quantity. Held: The ad did not amount to an offer to sell. after using the smoke ball as directed and that to show its sincerity it had deposited ￡1000 in a bank account. P used the smoke ball, but nevertheless caught flu. Held: the ad was an offer to the world which was accepted by P when she used the smoke ball as directed. She was entitled to the ￡100. Shop displays Key principles: the display of goods for sale on a supermarket shelf is an invitation to treat, and Held :As a general rule, display of flick knife in a shop window is an invitation to treat and not supervision of a registered pharmacist. In this shop, the pharmacist could refuse to allow the purchase at the cash desk.
委托翻译合同样本(官方版)
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委托翻译合同样本(官方版) 说明：该合同书适用于甲乙双方为明确各自的权利和义务，经友好协商签署合同，在合同期限内按照合同规定或者依照法律规定履行义务，保证权利双方合法权益不受损害，文档可下载收藏或打印使用（使用时请先阅读条款是否适用）。 委托翻译合同范文一 甲方:xx 乙方:xx 经甲乙双方友好协商，现就甲方委托给乙方完成的xx申报中文材料翻译成英文材料事项签订如下合同。 一、翻译稿件名称：xx材料。具体包括：1、拟建xx考察报告(含建设发展规划及规划图册);2、xx申报书;3、xx申报自评报告;4、xx风光片解说词。 二、工作时间：甲方于x年x月日前将需翻译的中文定稿材料交付乙方。乙方应于x年x月x日前将翻译好的英文成稿交付甲方。 三、交稿方式：乙方应向甲方提供英文成稿打印件及电子文本(文件格式：coredraw9.0排版)各一份。
四、合同总金额：合同全部工作任务总费用为xx元，大写人民币xx元整。甲方在签订合同之日起向乙方支付x万元，余款在乙方交付成稿并经甲方验收后一次性结清。 五、翻译质量：乙方保证翻译成稿质量，做到忠实原文、翻译准确、语句通顺、行文流畅，达到甲方提供给乙方的《xx综合报告》(英文版)的翻译水平。如双方对译文水平发生争议，由双方共同认可的第三方进行评判。 六、其它事项：乙方负责为甲方在xx申报国际评审会上作英文陈述，陈述费用不再另付。乙方在申报材料的英文翻译稿进行电脑排版时，需就排版格式等有关问题与甲方提供的印刷厂技术员进行联系沟通，以保证英文成稿的电子文本符合甲方印刷要求。 七、本合同自签订之日起具有法律效力，双方应共同遵守，否则由违约方赔偿对方由此造成的一切损失。 八、本合同未尽事宜，由双方友好协商解决。 九、本合同壹式肆份，甲乙双方各执贰份，具有同等法律效力。 甲方(签章)：乙方(签章)： 委托翻译合同范文二
中国合同法中英文对照
（１９９９年３月１５日第 九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议 通过） 总则 第一章一般规定 第二章合同的订立 第三章合同的效力 第四章合同的履行 第五章合同的变更和转让 第六章合同的权利义务终止 第七章违约责任 第八章其他规定 分则 第九章买卖合同 第十章供用电、水、气、热 力合同 第十一章赠与合同 第十二章借款合同 第十三章租赁合同 第十四章融资租赁合同 第十五章承揽合同 第十六章建设工程合同 第十七章运输合同 第十八章技术合同 第十九章保管合同 第二十章仓储合同 第二十一章委托合同 第二十二章行纪合同 第二十三章居间合同 附则 General Provisions 总则 Chapter 1 General Provisions 第一章一般规定 Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of the contracting parties, to maintain social and economic order, and to promote the process of socialist modernization. 第一条【立法目的】为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。 Article 2 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement among natural persons, legal persons or other organizations as equal parties for the establishment, modification of a relationship involving the civil rights and obligations of such 第二条
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编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 合作协议(中英文翻译) 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________ 说明：本合同资料适用于约定双方经过谈判、协商而共同承认、共同遵守的责任与 义务，同时阐述确定的时间内达成约定的承诺结果。文档可直接下载或修改，使用 时请详细阅读内容。
Technical Cooperation Agreement 甲方：XX油脂化学有限公司 Party A: XX Grease Chemical Co. , Ltd. 地址：XX高新技术工业园 Address: XXHigh-tech Industrial Park 法定代表人：XXX Legal Representative: XXX 乙方： Party B: 地址： Address: 本协议合作双方就组建技术研发团队事项，经过平等协商，在真实、充分地 表达各自意愿互惠互利的基础上，根据《中华人民共和国合同法》的规定，达成如下协议，并由合作各方共同恪守。 This Agreement, concerning the setting up of a technical research and development team, is made according to the Contract Law of PRC regulations and entered into through equal negotiation by both Parties as the free and full expression of their own wishes to mutual benefits, and to this end both Parties shall abide by this Agreement as following. 第一条、甲方同意雇用乙方为新产品研发技术顾问。乙方同意为甲方提供技术顾问服务。 Article 1: Party A hereby agrees to employ party B as the technical consultant for the new product research and development. Party B hereby agrees to offer technical consultation service to Part A. 第二条、甲方同意每月支付乙方的研究费用，包括：薪资、办公费、检测费、差旅费以及其他相关费用。 Article 2: Party A hereby agrees to pay Party B for the research each month, including salaries, administrative expenses,detection cost, traveling expenses and other cost associated. 第三条、乙方有责任为甲方提供相关国内外技术及市场信息，并及时答复甲方技术上所遇到的问题。 Article 3 : Party B is responsible to provide relevant technical and market information home and abroad and is ready to answer any technical problem frequently asked by Party A. 第四条、乙方有义务向甲方提供有关个人简历和相关证明材料，甲方要尊重乙方个人隐私，有义务妥善保管相关材料。 Article 4: Party B shall has the obligation to provide Party A with any relevant personal resume and reference documents as necessary.Party A shall respect the personal privacy of Party B and has the obligation to properly keep those materials. 第五条、乙方同意所研发的产品所有知识产权归甲方所有，乙方不得将相关技术信息泄露给任何第三方，否则需要承担一切法律后果。
英国合同法中文翻译版
本法旨在对第三方履行合同条款做出规定。（1999年11月11日） 以下条款根据本届议会上议院神职和非神职议员以及下议院的建议并由本届议会规定与同意通过，以女王陛下之名义颁布： 1．第三方实施合同条款的权利。 （1）根据本法规定，非合同当事方（第三人）也可享有实施合同条款的权利，如果: （a）该合同明示规定其享有这样的权利，或 （b）根据下文第（2）款的规定，该合同有关条款赋予第三人以某种权益。 （2）如果基于适当基础之上的合同，其当事人没有将合同条款扩展适用于第三方的意思，则以上第一款（b）项不予适用。 （3）第三方名称必须在合同中明示加以界定，或确定其为某群体的一员，或表述出其为特定的种类，但在缔约时其不必实际存在。 （4）本条规定并不授予第三方以实施合同条款的权利，但根据本合同其他相关条款规定授予第三方该权利的除外。 （5）为实践其履行合同条款的权利，如果第三方在自己已经作为合同一方当事人的情况下遭遇他方违约行为，则第三方享有对他自己来说是可行的救济的权利（相应地，和有关损失、法院禁令、具体履行以及其他救济相关的规则也将适用）。 （6）当某一合同条款排斥或限制与本法中涉及第三方实施合同条款有关事项的责任，该合同条款应做使其利用这种限制或排斥的解释。 （7）在本法中，涉及第三方可实施的合同条款时， “缔约方”表示由第三方而非由其负责合同条款实施的一方合同当事人，且 “受约人”表示相对于缔约方，由其负责合同条款实施的另一方合同当事人。 2．合同的变更与撤消。 （1）根据本条的规定，第三方拥有第1条中实施合同条款的权利，根据协议，合同双方不可撤消合同，或没有经第三方同意而以消灭或改变给予该项权利的条件的方式变更之，如果（a）第三方已对缔约方及合同条款表示同意， （b）缔约方意识到第三方已信赖该条款，或者 （c）缔约方可以合理预见到第三方将信赖且实际上第三方已信赖该条款。 （2）前款第a项所述的“同意”是指： （a）可以用语言或行为表达，并且 （b）如果是以邮递或其他方式传递给缔约方，那么直到缔约方收到时，才视为已知晓。（3）第（1）款服从于合同的明示条款，在该明示条款中 （a）合同双方可协商撤消或变更合同而无须第三方的同意，或 （b）合同中具体规定需要由第三方同意而非依上述第（1）款第a项至第c项的规定。（4）当根据第（1）款或第（3）款，需要取得第三方的同意时，法庭或仲裁庭依据合同当事方的要求，在以下情形下可以免除其同意： （a）由于不能合理确定第三方下落而无法得到其同意，或 （b）因第三方的精神状况而无法给出其同意。 （5）法庭或仲裁庭依照合同当事方的要求，可以免除第（1）款第c项中所要求的同意，如果无法合理确定是否第三方实际上已信赖该条款的话。 （6）如果法庭或仲裁庭免除第三方同意的话，那么其可以提出其认为适当的条件，包括要求支付对第三方赔偿的条件等。 （7）高等法院和县法院均可行使第（4）款至第（6）款规定的授予法院的权限。 3．缔约方享有的抗辩事由等。 （1）基于对以上第1条的信赖，在为了执行合同条款而由第三方提起的诉讼程序时，以下
中英文对照合同11
采购合同 (Purchasing Contract) 合同编号(Contract NO.)： 合同签订地点(Signed At)：东营 签订时间(Date)：年月日出卖人(Seller)： 买受人(Buyer)： 鉴于：根据【中华人民共和国合同法】及相关法律法规，本着平等自愿、等价有偿、诚实诚信的原则，经双方协商一致，订立本合同。 According to the Contract law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations,we conclude the contract on the basis of equality, voluntariness,compensation of equal value and sincerity. 第一条标的、数量、价款及交（提）货时间 Item 1 (object)Quantity Price and Delivery time 物资编码名称及规格型号Commodity code and type 生产厂家 Manufacture r 计量单位 Unit 数量 Quantity 单价（元） Unit Price 总金额（元） Total Amount 备注 Note 不含税总金额（人民币） Total Amount (V AT excluded) 交提货时间、数量：年月日至年月日全部交货。 Delivery time: From to 第二条质量标准：标准代号、编号和标准名称：GB150-98. Item 2 Quality standard: standard code,serial number and standard name:GB150-98. 第三条出卖人对质量负责的条件及期限 Item 3 Conditions and time limits that Sellers shall be held responsibility for 1. 质量负责条件和期限按正常运行12个月止执行。 1. Quality responsible conditions and time limits shall not be valid until the product has been functioning properly for 12 months 2. 出卖人对标的物的质量负责，产品均附质检报告单，质量保证书。如果出卖人知道或 者应当知道所处卖产品存在质量缺陷，所承担的质量保证期限不受前款质量负责期限的约束，应依法承担相应责任。 2. Sellers shall be responsible for the quality of the marks.The products should include the Quality Inspection Report and Quality Guarantee.If the sellers know or should know the products they sell with defects in quality,the quality assurance time limits should not be subject to the previous quality responsibility deadline and they should be held due responsibility for it. 第四条包装标准：标准包装，产品所需包装由出卖人合理包装，适合水运和长途内陆运输，防潮，防湿，防锈，防震。 Item 4 Packaging standard: Standard packaging, the sellers should package the products properly, it should be suitable for shipment and long distance inland transportation. The packaging of the products should be resistant of dampness, moisture, rust and shock. 第五条随机的必备品、配件、技术资料、工具数量及供应方法：随设备交货一起交齐。 Item 5 The accompanied necessary materia l, accessories, technical information ,quantity of
中国合同法英文版
中国合同法英文版 CONTRACT LA W OF P. R. CHINA Adopted and Promulgated by the Second Session of the Ninth National People‘s Congress on March 15, 1999. Translated & Compiled by John Jiang & Henry Liu GENERAL PRINCIPLES Chapter One: General Provisions Article 1 Purpose This Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, to safeguard social and economic order, and to promote socialist modernization. Article 2 Definition of Contract; Exclusions For purposes of this Law, a contract is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing, for the purpose of establishing, altering, or discharging a relationship of civil rights and obligations. An agreement concerning any personal relationship such as marriage, adoption, guardianship, etc. shall be governed by other applicable laws. Article 3 Equal Standing of Parties Contract parties enjoy equal legal standing and neither party may impose its will on the other party. Article 4 Right to Enter into Contract Voluntarily A party is entitled to enter into a contract voluntarily under the law, and no entity or individual may unlawfully interfere with such right. Article 5 Fairness The parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing their respective rights and obligations. Article 6 Good Faith The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. Article 7 Legality In concluding or performing a contract, the parties shall abide by the relevant laws and administrative regulations, as well as observe social ethics, and may not disrupt social and economic order or harm the public interests.
【最新】合同法中英文对照版-实用word文档 (158页)
【最新】合同法中英文对照版-实用word文档 本文部分内容来自网络，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将予以删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可随意编辑修改！ == 合同法中英文对照版 合同法中英文对照版，关于中华人民共和国合同法英文，正规的合同法是什么样子?下面小编为你带来中华人民共和国合同法最新版，欢迎阅读参考! 合同法中英文对照版 General Provisions 总则 Chapter 1 General Provisions 第一章一般规定 Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to protect the lawful rights andinterests of the contracting parties, to maintain social and economic order,and to promote the process of socialist modernization. 第一条【立法目的】为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。 Article 2 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement among naturalpersons, legal persons or other organizations as equal parties for theestablishment, modification of a relationship involving the civil rights andobligations of such entities. Agreements concerning personal relationships such as marriage, adoption,guardianship, etc.
涉外合同(完整版)
合同编号：YT-FS-6977-11 涉外合同(完整版) Clarify Each Clause Under The Cooperation Framework, And Formulate It According To The Agreement Reached By The Parties Through Consensus, Which Is Legally Binding On The Parties. 互惠互利共同繁荣 Mutual Benefit And Common Prosperity
涉外合同(完整版) 备注：该合同书文本主要阐明合作框架下每个条款，并根据当事人一致协商达成协议，同时也明确各方的权利和义务，对当事人具有法律约束力而制定。文档可根据实际情况进行修改和使用。 随着中国加入wto，国际货物的买卖也开始频繁起来。而这种买卖，总是以签订国际货物买卖合同的方式来进行。国际货物买卖合同，也是一种合同，因此，合同法之原理原则，如契约自由，当事人意思自治，对国际货物买卖合同同样应当适用。在国际货物买卖中，合同成立的一般要件也要求当事人应具有完全权利能力和行为能力，当事人的意思表示应该一致且不存在瑕疵，而国际货物买卖合同区别于一般合同之处就在于：它是有形货物买卖的合同，货物的买卖要进行跨越国界的流动，其双方当事人的营业地一定是在不同的国家，而对于当事人的国籍或合同的民事或商业性质，则不予考虑。国际货物买卖合同具有国际因素，在特定国家看来就是具有涉外的因素，为了保证国际货物买卖的顺利进行，国际上制定了一系列
的规则与法律，以规范合同的形式，以保障交易的公平与安全。 就合同的形式而言，无论是以非立法的方式统一和协调法律的《国际商事合同通则》还是以示范法形式约束当事人行为的《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》都对国际货物买卖合同的形式有着明确的规定。 《国际商事合同通则》的目标是要制定一套可以在世界范围内使用的均衡的规则体系，而不论在它们被适用的国家的法律传统和政治经济条件如何。这一目标在《通则》正式文本中和这些规则所反映出的总的指导方针中都能得到体现。它还可作为国内和国际立法者在一般合同法领域或是针对一些特殊类型的交易起草立法时的范本。就国内立法而言，《通则》对有些国家可能更为有用，尤其是对象我国这样的缺乏完善的合同法规则体系，但又力图使其法律达到现代国际水准的国家，借鉴《通则》的规定可以对我国的法律至少是有关对外经济关系方面的法律更符合国际趋势。
合同法英文版
CONTRACT LAW OF P. R. CHINA Adopted and Promulgated by the Second Session of the Ninth National People‘s Congress on March 15, 1999. Translated & Compiled by John Jiang & Henry Liu GENERAL PRINCIPLES Chapter One: General Provisions Article 1 Purpose This Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, to safeguard social and economic order, and to promote socialist modernization. Article 2 Definition of Contract; Exclusions For purposes of this Law, a contract is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing, for the purpose of establishing, altering, or discharging a relationship of civil rights and obligations. An agreement concerning any personal relationship such as marriage, adoption, guardianship, etc. shall be governed by other applicable laws. Article 3 Equal Standing of Parties Contract parties enjoy equal legal standing and neither party may impose its will on the other party. Article 4 Right to Enter into Contract Voluntarily A party is entitled to enter into a contract voluntarily under the law, and no entity or individual may unlawfully interfere with such right. Article 5 Fairness The parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing their respective rights and obligations. Article 6 Good Faith The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. Article 7 Legality In concluding or performing a contract, the parties shall abide by the relevant laws and administrative regulations, as well as observe social ethics, and may not disrupt social and economic order or harm the public interests.
投资合同中英文
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除 投资合同中英文 篇一：委托投资协议中英文 委托投资协议 entrustedInvestmentAgreement 甲方（委托人）： partyA(Thegrantor): 身份证号IDno.： 乙方（受托人）： partyb(thetrustee): 身份证号IDno.： 根据《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国公司法》以及英国证券相关法律法规，甲、乙达成如下协议。 subjecttocontractLawofpeoplesRepublicofchina,compan yLawofpeoplesRepublicofchinaandrelevantlawsandregul ationsrelatingtouKsecurities,partyAandpartybenterin tothefollowingagreement
一、委托事项 entrustedmatters 甲方将全权委托李忠全先生收购其英国雅惠生态农业 集团pLc（YAhuIAgRIcuLTuRepLc）的英国股票股，其股票认购投资款共计人民币元，每笔交易不低于500股，每股价格按照前2个交易日的平均价（在20XX年5月9号挂牌当天，认购其股票，将享受每股折合人民币7元/股的股原始股配 售价，每人仅限10000股）计算。现甲方将该股 票投资款全部委托给乙方管理，委托乙方严格按照英国天富资本（英国保荐商）的要求，在海外进行股权登记、过户等交割手续，使其持有英国农业集团pLc（AgRIcuLTuRepLc）股份。 partyAwillfullyauthorizemr.ZhongquanLitosubscribefo r………https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fe3854474.html,sharesofYAhuIAgRIcuLTuRepLc.Totalinvestm entofsharesubscriptionisRmbYuan,witheachtransaction notlessthan500shares.Thepriceofeachshareistheaverag epriceof2priortradingdays(onthelistingdate-9thmay,2 0XX,theinvestorwillenjoythepriceoforiginalshare7Yua n/shareandeachinvestorislimitedtosubscribe10,000sha resthatday).nowpartyAisauthorizingpartybtomanagethe investmentinsharesubscription,tocompletetheregistra
翻译版权许可合同 (中英文)
CONTRACT OF COPYRIGHTS PERMISSION ON WORK’S TRANSLATION 本合同系中译英，翻译：张云军 This contract translated from Chinese to English by Mr. Chang Yunejune. 说明：这个合同适用于直接从外国出版社购买翻译版权，由被许可方负责制作的情形。付款按 约定的印数一次性支付。 This contract concluded on the date of 合同签订日期： 本合同于年月日由（中方出版社名称、地址，以下简称为：出版者）与（外国出版社名称、地址，以下简称：版权所有者）双方签订。 版权所有者享有（作者姓名，以下简称作者）所著（书名）第版的版权（以下简称作品）， 现双方达成合同如下： This contract is concluded and ente red into by and between ( the name and address of a China’s publishing company, hereinafter referred to as publisher) and (the name and address of a foreign publishing company, hereinafter referred to as proprietor of copyrights) on the date of . Proprietor enjoy the copyrights of the edition (book name) written by (the author name，hereinafter referred to as author ). NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agree as bellow: 律师观点：序言部分给出了合同双方的名称和地址，以及翻译作品的详细资料。对于一部很快会被修订的非小说作品，西方出版社通常会将版权许可仅限于当前版本。 1．根据本合同，版权所有者授予出版者独家许可，准许其以该出版社的名义，以图书形式 （简/精装）翻译、制作、出版该作品中文（简体）版册（以下简称翻译本），限在中华人民 共和国大陆发行，不包括香港和澳门和台湾。未经版权所有者的书面同意，出版者不能复制版 权所有者对该作品的封面设计，也不能使用版权所有者的标识、商标或版权页。本合同授予的 权利不及于该作品的其他后续版本。
中国合同法(中英对照)
Chapter 6 Termination of Contractual Rights and Obligations 第六章合同的权利义务终止 Article 91 The rights and obligations under a contract shall be terminated under any of the following circumstances: (1) the obligations have been performed as agreed upon; (2) the contract has been rescinded; (3) the obligations have been offset against each other; (4) the obligor has escrowed the subject matter accordance with the law; (5) the obligee has released the obligor of its obligation; (6) the rights and obligations have vested in one party; (7) any other circumstances for termination as stipulated by the laws or agreed upon by the parties. 第九十一条【合同消灭的原因】有下列情形之一的，合同的权利义务终止： （一）债务已经按照约定履行； （二）合同解除； （三）债务相互抵销； （四）债务人依法将标的物提存； （五）债权人免除债务； （六）债权债务同归于一人； （七）法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形。 Article 92 After the termination of the rights and obligations under the contract, the parties shall observe the principal of honesty and good faith and perform the obligations of notification,assistance and confidentiality, etc. in accordance with relevant transaction practices.