2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析

2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual w orld instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no m ore than 200 words.

第一版（E-learning）

For thispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on E-learning, try toimagine what will happen when more andmore people study on-line instead ofgoing to school. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200words.

第二版（机器人）

For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the use of robots. Try toimagine what will happen whenrobots take the place of human beings in industryas well aspeople’s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150wordsbut no more than 200 words.

第三版（虚拟世界）

For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on living in the virtualworld. Try to imagine what willhappen when people spend more and more time inthe virtual worldinstead of interacting in the real world. You are required towriteat least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cogni tive researchers like Piaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_. Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a

characteristically adolescent way.Piagetsaid:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.

Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.

As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.

A)automatically B)beneficial C)capturing D)confused E)emphasizing F)entrance G)excited H)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakes

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Can societies be rich and green?

*A+“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.

[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.

*C+“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.

[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.

[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.

[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factor s affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.

[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.

[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.

[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Ofcourse,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.Ithad,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.

[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand

Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.

[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;whilesome,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.

[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”itsays,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Notnecessarily;“In the industralisedcountries,environmental proble ms are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”itcontinues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.

[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,cleanrivers,clean air and poison-free food.Theyalso,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.

[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its green house gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.

[O]Wealth is not,ofcourse,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?Thatquestion,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.

36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.

37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.

38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.

39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.

40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.

41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.

42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.

43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.

44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.

45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth. Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of inte ractive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.

So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year. Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will c ome back to the

TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.

In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.

The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertis ing agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable hav

e all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition o

f leadin

g cable providers, aim

s to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which de signs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple thi

s year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers w ith interactive ads.

Yet there are doubts whether people watching televi sion, a“leanback”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.

46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?

A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.

B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.

C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.

D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.

47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?

A)Pretty positive.

B)Totally indifferent.

C)Somewhat doubtful.

D)Rather critical.

48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?

A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.

B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.

C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.

D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.

49.What do we learn ab out Unilever’s interactive campaign?

A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.

B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.

C)It helps attract investments in the company.

D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.

50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?

A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.

B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.

C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.

D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and w ill take many years to solve.

But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.

The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?

Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.

I’ve been looking at what sel f-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptab le and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.

But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society. So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffer ing from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.

51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?

A)Corporate mismanagement.

B)Insufficient demand.

C)Technological advances.

D)Workers’ slow adaptation.

52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?

A)Self-evident.

B)Thought-provoking.

C)Irrational.

D)Groundless.

53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?

A)The booming defense industry.

B)The wise heads’ benefit package.

C)Nationwide training of workers.

D)Thorough restructuring of industries.

54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?

A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.

B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.

C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.

D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.

55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.

B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.

C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.

D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.

Part IV Translation (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究。这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。

旗袍（qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口(cuffs)变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级

的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰

第一段: 写出现状.

第二段: 分析在线学习未来的图景并简单解释原因

第三段: 分析未来及自己的应对之策

Currently, an increasing numberofpeople begin to use Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge.Onlinelearning is booming all around the world. It is providingmany options withlearners in terms of time, locations, subjectsandcosts.

Online learning greatlypromoteslearners’ studying efficiency and teachers’ productivity.As a result, updatedknowledge will reach those students in isolatedareas at a higher speed, whichcan make many of them keep pace withthe time. Additionally, studentscandecide their learning locationand time much more freely. Notably, because transportationandaccommodation will not trouble E-learners, learning cost will belargelylowered. These advantages might decrease the number ofpeople who routinelyattendschoollearning.

From my point of view, personalinteractionbetween teachers and students in schools isirreplaceable. It is a good ideathat we combine E-learning andattending school together. Learning is not asimple multiple-choicequestion but an important issue that needs your tryingandinvolvement.

第一段:引出文章话题.说明技术的发展对人类生活的改变.

第二段:针对此现象作出观点的阐述

第三段:得出结论.

It is held bysome people that knowledge is power,especially scientific and technologicalknowledge. Science andtechnology are the motive power of the socialdevelopment, whichconstitute a primary productive force. The use of robots istheproduce of development of science and technology.

People’s viewson the use of robots vary from person toperson. Some hold that human life cannotcontinue without the use ofrobots. For many years, human society has developedwith the use ofscience and technology. So the lifewith the use of robots we areliving now is more efficient than thatof our fore fathers. They go on to pointout that the use of robotshas brought about many changes in people's life. Forexample,through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency andavoiddangerous events happening in our life in that we can requirerobots to do someworks with danger instead of humanbeings.

Science andtechnology of robots are the crystallization ofhuman wisdom. It brought aglorious past to humanity, also willbring bright future to mankind.

第三版（虚拟世界）

第一段:说明科技发展对人类生活的改变,引出话题.说明,我们交流方式的变化.

第二段:人们虚拟世界的交流给我们带来的影响.

第三段:得出结论.

We have to admit that the impactoftechnology on society is unquestionable. Whetherconsidering the TV or thecomputers, technology has had a hugeimpact on society. While

not every advancehas been beneficial,there have been many positive effects of technology. Theinternetisone typical example.

With the development of science andtechnology, the worldis no longer what it used to be. But the ability ofcommunicationisa significant skill which should be cultivated if we want tosurviveand succeed in the world. But the way of communication with peoplehaschanged dramatically. Almost everyone today has a computer, anduses it tocommunicate with their friends, family, and evenbusiness. The virtual worldcommunication has changed the way thatpeople communicate.

Since communication between peoplein the real world is of utmost importance, lack of communicationwilllead to perish of human beings. Through communication in thereal world, mutualunderstanding can be promoted and fosteredbetween people, which cannot bereplaced by the virtualcommunication.

1. D)Market research consultant

2. A) Quantitative advertising research

3. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.

4. B) Checking charts and tables.

5. A) His view on Canadian universities.

6. B) It is rather inflexible.

7. C) Everybody should be given equal access to higher education.

8. C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private university.

9. B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.

10. A) They will feel less pressure to r aise employees’ wages.

11. C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.

12. A) Whether memory supplements work.

13. D) They are not on based on real science.

14. D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.

15. B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.

16. D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.

17. B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.

18 .A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.

19 .C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery

20 .B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail

21. D) It will try to provide more loans

22 .D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again

23 .A) Being unable to learn new things.

24. A) Cognitive stimulation.

25. C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.

选词填空】

26. O) undertakes

27. K) occupation

28. H ) existence

29. J) intolerant

30. A) automatically

31. N) slightly

32. E) emphasizing

33. M) recession

34. D) confused

35. B) beneficial

【段落匹配】

36. I) Examples show that…

37. C) Environment protection and improvement..

38. L) It is not necessarily…

39. D) The common hteme..

40. K) Development agencies disagree…

41. E) Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable ...

42. G) The Millennium Ecosystem....

43. A) ”if our economies are.... ”

44. N) A case can be made ....

45. J) There is a view that ....

【仔细阅读】

Passage one

46. D Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.

47. C Somewhat doubtful.

48. C It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.

49. B It has done well in engaging the viewers.

50. A They may be due to the novel way of advertising.

Passage two

51.B insufficient demand

52.D groundless

53.A the booming defense industry

54.A powerful opposition to government

55.C to show urgent need for the government to take action

2013年6月英语六级真题汇总及答案解析

2013年6月英语六级真题及答案（文都版） Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage often assumed musical Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems ability us inherited, there’s abundant that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed other said of him. She different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s m may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you

2016年6月英语六级真题及答案解析

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