新视角研究生英语2 课后习题加答案 电子版

第一单元

1. His heart attack was triggered by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.

2.We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well economically, but in fact it is in serious difficulty.

3.He couldn’t join the police because he was below the minimum height allowed by the rule.

4. We hope to see stronger commitment from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings.

5. The professor felt grateful and relieved that the debate hadn’t degenerated into something absurd and degrading.

6. Tiger populations have stopped shrinking, and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.

7. Our efforts result in a great rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector.

8. It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could scarcely keep from laughing with delight.

9. Details are often organized according to time sequence or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.

10. Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities.

1. Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to. A. anticipate

2. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play vital roles in raising children.

D. indispensable

3. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷类食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed. B. enhance

4. Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly,but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down. C. Promptly

5.The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I can’t get it and I require an explanation.B. obscure

6. The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor. A. Scarce

7. After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically,according to a post-election surve y. C. surprisingly

8.The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures. A. compelled

9. They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rule s. C. discard

10.They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of

identity, and too few legal protections for consumers’personal information. D. inadequate

How to Be an Effective Listener

Author G. K. Chesterton once said, “There is no such thing as an uninteresting subject; there are only uninterested people.”Listening is a skill that 1)requires coordination of the listener’s mental powers with an outside force (the person or thing which is being listened to). In addition, listening is three-2)dimensional; listen critically with the ears, 3)thoughtfully with the mind, and understandingly with the eyes.

1) Good listeners need to think around the topic by listening between the 4)lines, and anticipate the instructor’s 5)next point.

2) Good listeners 6)summarize what has been said and put instructor’s thoughts into their 7)own words.

3) Good listeners listen with a pencil in their hands and take good 8)notes .

4) Good listeners try to get as much 9)out of a lecture as from a chapter in a book.

5) Good listeners avoid supersensitive listening, i.e. not 10)refuse to listen to anything they don’t agree with.

6) Good listeners sit near the 11)fornt so as not to miss anything.

People who are good listeners manage to judge the 12)content, and not the delivery. They realize that not all instructors are good lecturers. Some instructors have a very nervous demeanor ( 行为；举止) and may not 13)act as though they are comfortable lecturing; it doesn’t mean that they have nothing of 14)value to say. And some instructors may have a(n) 15)__accent__ , or may speak softly. Again, while these things may be 16)distracting to the listener, every 17)_effort_ should be made to ignore these physical problems and pay attention to the message.

1. 那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。

The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student.

2. 现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。

The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students.

3. 老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。

The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory. 4. 我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去, 因为我有一大堆事情要做。

I’d love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack of things to do.

5. 中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。

Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.

6. 她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。

Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.

6. 她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。

She didn’t like the famous writer’s lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s autograph after the lecture.

7. 我对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，并耐心等待成为大三的学生。

I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.

8. 我们不得不承认讲座体制会把教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，而这些问题很可能会引起学生很多有用的想法。We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students’naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.

9. 我不同意那些评论家的意见。你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。对我而言，这些结论很有道理。

I don’t agree with those critics’opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.

10. 为了学生本身的缘故，应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，内容以及要通过这门课的要求。

For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.

One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work. Reading the same material in a textbook is a more efficient way to learn because students can proceed as slowly as they need to until the subject matter becomes clear to them.

听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。

Even simply paying attention is very difficult; people can listen at a rate of four hundred to six hundred words a minute, while the most impassioned professor talks at scarcely a third of that speed. This time lag between speech and comprehension leads to daydreaming.

有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人们可以以每分钟400-600个字的速度听，而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。

Many students believe years of watching television have sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think.

很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。

Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both because they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students’educational careers —during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction.

讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。

If lecture classes were restricted to juniors and seniors, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare

work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students’interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn.

如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。

第二单元

1.The crown is made out of quality gold, and studded with pearls and precious stones.

2.With the summer break looming once again, parents everywhere begin to question how they are going to keep their children out of mischief for the next two months!

3. The three years’study widened my knowledge about business science. My interest towards business management was evoked and strongly enhanced.

4. We will never again allow ourselves to live under tyranny and without dignity.

5. The book tells the story of a sensitive young boy who l eaves behind a humdrum life on his father’s farm to fulfill his dream of becoming a star of the skates.

6. When the spring is yet to fade away, the shining greenness b rings us a prelude to the summer.

7. Being frugal is a way of life that we all need to aspire. Wise people share tips and hints to become a bit more

conscious about their spending.

8. As people become frail, access to food becomes a problem at all levels, from obtaining the food, to preparing it, to eating it.

9. The rescue team will continue to assist the residents in the flood-struck area, providing the shelter and support

necessary to endure the treacherous weather.

10. Local forays, scheduled from September to May, are half-day and full-day field trips led by experienced members of the club.

1. Mobile gossip restores our sense of connection and community, and provides an __________ to the pressures and alienation of modern life.B. antidote

2. His farm contains 120 acres of valuable land, good buildings, and an orchard of 300 trees, of a __________ variety of fruits.C. well-assorted

3. Public __________ refers to the body of creative works that is not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark or patent laws. The public owns these works, not an individual author or artist.C. Domain

4. The most __________ memory for her was the day she went back to the town, only to find that the school and the beautiful grounds she remembered had all vanished.A. poignant

5. I wish I could share with you some better news, but somehow I am caught within a __________ of troubles at present. D. tangle

6. We travel together, __________ together, and eat together. Six whole days gives us a chance to accomplish something real.A. bunk

7. This row of shops previously stood here in this street, b ut they were __________ in the 1970s and then re- erected in the 1980s.C. dismantled

8. Thanks to a new __________ that records and replicates the world’s odors, people stopping to smell the roses can now take that sweet floral fragrance home with them or even send it to a faraway friend. B. gadget

9. In his forty-six short years, he had been fighting against destiny to achieve some __________ of independence, only to face a lifetime of misfortunes.A. semblance

10. Living in a neighborhood with such naughty kids, one should always keep an eye out for __________. D. mischief People need homes: children assume their parents’place as home; 1)boarders call school “home”on weekdays; married couples work together to 2)build new homes; and travelers …have no place to call “home”, at least for a few nights.

So how about people who have to travel for 3)extended periods of time? Don’t they have the 4)right to a home? Of course they do. Some 5)regular travelers take their own belongings: like bed sheets, pillowcases and family photos to make them feel like home no matter where they are; some stay for long periods in the same hotel and as a result become very 6)familiar with service and attendants; others may simply put some flowers 7)by the hotel window to make things more 8)homely . Furthermore, driving a camping car during one’s travels and sleeping in the vehicle at night is just like home —only 9)mobile !

And how about 10)maintainin g relationships while in transit? Some 11)keep contact with their friends via internet; some send letters and postcards, or 12)even photos; others may just call and say hi, just to let their friends know that they’re still alive and 13)well . People find ways to keep in 14)touch . Making friends on the way helps travelers feel more or less at home. Backpackers in youth hostels may become very good friends, even 15)close than siblings.

Nowadays 16)fewer people are working in their local towns, so how do they develop a 17)sense of belonging? Whenever we 18)step out of our local boundaries, there is always another ‘home’19)waiting to be found. Wherever we are, with just a little bit of effort and 20)imagination , we can make the place we stay “home”.

Translation

[A] 1. 这一地区的每一角落都将在5年内得到供电, 这是电力部长2年前许下的诺言。

Every nook and corner of the region would be provided with electricity in five years. This was the pledge that the minister of electricity had taken two years ago.

2. 由于要在不同地区做实地考察工作, 他去年一年搬了4次家，虽然他每次都搬得很不情愿。

In order to do field work at different places, he moved four times last year, though each time he did it with an ill grace.

3. 在离开这个杂乱无序、毒品充斥的小镇前，他把自己所有值钱的家当都放到一起并按一定的秩序存放了起来。

Before leaving this disordered, drug-ridden small town, he gathered together in one place all his valuable possessions and

introduced some semblance of order among them.

4. 她小时候家境贫寒，没有几件对她来说有意义的东西, 所以她拥有过的每一个玩具都能勾起她串串回忆。

Her family was poor when she was a child. The things that mattered a great deal to her were very few. Therefore, every toy she had played with could evoke a rush of memories.

5. 整整一个小时，警察们在拥挤的楼群里艰难地行进，寻找一位射杀了5人的在逃持枪者。

For an hour, policemen threaded their way through the crowded buildings, looking for an elusive gunman who had shot five people.

6. 对很多人来说，旅行或离家外出一段时日是应对日常单调乏味生活的一个有效手段。

For many people, traveling or staying away from home for some time is an effective antidote to the humdrum activities of everyday life.

7. 当今妇女比以前享有更加自由、独立的地位，因此她们越来越不愿意屈从于丈夫的专横暴虐。

Women today enjoy a freer, more independent position than ever before, and are accordingly less and less willing to submit to the tyranny of their husbands.

8. 心绞痛常常是心脏病的前兆，需要特别治疗，主要是药物治疗。

Angina pectoris is often a prelude to a heart attack and requires special treatment, primarily with drugs.

9. 我们决定挖空这些大圆木，以便更多的人能坐在里面并乘坐他们顺河而下。

We decide to hollow out the great logs so that more men could sit inside them and ride in them down the river.

10. 这场大火把宫殿里所有东西都毁掉了。没有一件华丽的镶嵌着金银的家具幸存下来。

The fire destroyed everything in the palace. Nothing of the magnificent furniture, studded with gold and silver, has survived. [B] Most of us associate very strongly with the place of our birth or the place we have learned to call home. It can hurt very much not to be able to go there physically in order to feel secure.

我们大多数人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方紧密相联。不能回家以获得安全感是令人痛苦的。Other students are very excited in the beginning only to find, after several weeks, that they are starting to miss what was familiar and wish for a visit with friends and family.

别的学生一开始很兴奋，几周后却发现自己开始想念所熟知的事物，并希望见到朋友和家人。

Homesickness can strike any of us when we have moved to new surroundings and are being called upon to meet our needs in a different way and with different people.

当我们搬迁到新的环境，需要以不同方式与不同的人交往以满足自己的需要的时候, 我们每个人都会有想家的感觉Sometimes it can become a more serious depression if the person cannot begin to meet his/her needs for love and belonging with new people.

有时, 如果这个人开始对爱的需要不能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现, 那么想家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。

Often, homesickness is another way of saying we are scared to face the future, or that we’re doubting our ability to cope.

通常, 想家是另一种表明我们害怕面对未来或怀疑自己应对能力的方式。

1. The passenger pigeon was a prime example of a species that was made extinct by overhunting.

2. Climate, soil, water, and air are nonliving components of an ecosystem.

3. As a language, English is derived from the Anglo-Saxon, a West Germanic variety, although its current vocabulary includes words from many languages.

4. Stopping the loss of biodiversity and limiting climate change are the two most important challenges facing our planet.

5. A recent report claims that Microsoft products, with their market dominance, are creating a computing monoculture that’s dangerously susceptible to worms and other attacks.

6. The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was reported to have killed more than 225,000 people, and with uncounted others missing or losing their homes.

7. With the invention of blogs, the number of websites that would be interesting to follow each day has multiplied several times over.

8. The movie Two Brothers tells the story that two tigers are separated as cubs and taken into captivity , only to be reunited years later as enemies.

9. In 2000 and again in 2002, the US congress considered legislation to limit violent content and more tightly regulate the video games industry in America.

10. These conservation projects and educational activities have contributed to wildlife habitat improvement, watershed protection, and forest health.

1. The environmental changes might have caused the disappearance of many species by eliminating food sources, or exposing animals to climatic conditions to which they were not adapted.A. extinction

2. The study showed that increasing amounts of bird flu virus were contaminating the birds’surroundings without the farmers’realizing of it.C. habitats

3. While recently becoming the tenth most crowded city in the USA, San Jose has also held the title of The Safest Big City in America for the past several years. D. populous

4. An internal inquiry has begun into whether soccer players received improper housing benefits under the former coaches.B. investigation

5. It’s our job to prepare bright, ambitious young people for the opportunities offered by what will continue to be the main sectors for the 21st century. D. keystone

6. The teenager who made a dramatic escape after eight years of confinement in a windowless cell has agreed to a televised interview this week.A. captivity

7. The little group so imperfectly known to us is counterbalanced by multitudes of species, of which there are numberless varieties. C. uncounted

8. The protection of tropical rain forests as public good will require cooperation between all countries in the world.

B. conservation

9. Taken before or while drinking, many medications will increase the effects of alcohol on your body.B. multiply

10. The Chicago History Museum has one of America’s largest collections of architectural working drawings, as well as manuscript materials, photographs, architectural models, and building fragments.D. debris

Loss of Biodiversity

Biological diversity is the variety of all life forms —the different plants, animals and microorganisms, the genes they 1. contain , and the ecosystems to which they belong.

Millions of years of2.isolation from other continents have resulted in Australian plants and animals evolving in ways3. different from elsewhere. As a result, about 82% of our mammal species, 45% of our land bird species, 85% of our flowering plant species, 89% of our reptile species, and about 93% of our frog species are found 4.only in Australia.

The5.major threat to our biodiversity is the loss of habitat through clearing for agriculture, forestry, mining and 6.urban development. This, combined with the effects of invasive plants and animals, and 7.natural events such as fire, drought and flood, threatens the survival of our 8.native species. Since European settlement, most of Australia’s ecosystems have been 9. extensively altered.

The result has been10.dramatic declines in the distribution and abundance of many species, and the11.extinction of at least 17 native mammal species and ten terrestrial (陆栖的) bird species. The effects on aquatic (水栖的) habitats have 12. contributed to a decline in our native fish populations.

The benefits of conserving biodiversity are 13.numerous . The world’s species provide us with all our food and many medicines and industrial products. There are also opportunities for 14.developing new or improved food crops from our biological diversity. Biodiversity is also 15.important for ecological processes such as regulating climate, producing soil, providing protection from erosion, 16.storing nutrients and breaking down pollution.

Biodiversity is culturally important and it 17.maintains the aesthetic values of our landscapes. There is also the 18.view every species on earth has the right to 19.survive and that no single species or generation can 20.claim the earth as its own.

Translation

[A] 1. 由生物多样性的丧失而引起的对人类和地球的威胁和由气候变化所带来的危险一样大。

The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as great as the dangers presented by climate change.

2. 收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关心的信，并询问他们能帮助做什么，我们总是很高兴。

We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern for animals in captivity and asking what they can do to help.

3. 这两个最盛行的理论都认为恐龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。

The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because of changes in the earth’s atmosphere and temperature. 4. 这场森林大火最终被消防队所控制住了，花费将近50万美元。

The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost of nearly half a million dollars.

5. 植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。

Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washed away by the rain water.

6. 健康的生态系统以能源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可持续更替为特点。

Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients, organic matter and water.

7. 在世界野生动物基金会一份新的报告中，科学家警告说全球变暖可能在今后20年中灭绝北极熊。

In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warming could kill off polar bears within the next 20 years. 8. 犁过的地对流水没有防范能力，因而珍贵的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。

Plowed fields don’t have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy ra ins

or floods.

9. 这个花园比前两天要安静多了，但周围还是有很多各式各样的鸟。

The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days, but there were still a good variety of birds around.

10. 尽管有不同的预计，但总体上人们认为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大约30%到40%是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。

While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%–40% of the active ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.

[B]One of these reasons is that each life-form occupies a special place within its ecosystem — that is, its community of plant and animal life, in combination with the nonliving components of its environment such as the climate, soil, water, and air. For instance, within a forest the larger trees drop off little twigs and debris, making a layer that holds water in the soil for other plants to use. The roots hold the soil and prevent it from washing away in rainstorms. Whether living or dead, the tree provides shelter for animals and birds and food for insects. As the dead tree rots away, it enriches the soil of the forest floor, enabling other plants to spring up in its place. Such large trees are an example of what we call keystone species; if they disappeared from their ecosystem, the consequences would be felt throughout the community of other species living in the forest. ―The loss of a keystone spe cies is like a drill accidentally striking a powerline,‖ says biologist Edward Wilson of Harvard University. ―It causes lights to go out all over.‖ During the current sixth great extinction, three species of life-forms are dying out every hour, or 74 per day, which equals 27,000 each year. Some of these —and we don’t even know which ones —are undoubtedly keystone species. (Para.8)

理由之一是, 每个物种在它所处的由所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位。例如, 在森林中，较高的树掉下的残枝在土壤中形成一个水份保持层，供其它植物利用。它们的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被暴雨冲走。无论是活树还是枯树都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，为昆虫提供食物。枯树腐烂以后还可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物从原处拔地而出。这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种; 如果它们从生态系统中消失,其后果会遍及所有居住在森林的其它物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊说：“一个主要物种的消失就像钻头意外地钻断电线，导致四处断电。”在当前第六次“大灭绝”时期, 每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有74 个物种灭绝, 每年合计达27,000 个。其中有些物种——虽然我们不确定是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。

第四单元

1. The Our company is one of the leading manufacturers of commercial and institutional kitchen equipment, such as ovens, freezers, refrigerators, blenders, etc.

2. An annual increase of 1.3% in food production is necessary at the present time to feed the burgeoning human population, assuming present diets remain invariant.

3. You can envision the joy of your beloved ones when they receive the DVD shows made by your own hands as a special gift.

4. This book depicts the cultural history of race and the complicated relationship between marginal and mainstream culture in early twentieth-century America.

5. These sorts of jobs are available between late May and late August and often encompass a wide range of work.

6. There is currently a trend for companies to outsource much of their IT to third-parties, in some cases to overseas third-parties.

7. In ancient China, women would compete to show off their prowess in needlecraft on Qixi, the most important way of celebrating the festival.

8. Morgan shunned publicity of any kind, and never permitted signs bearing her name at construction sites.

9. Immigrants need time to overcome difficulties when they are assimilating into new cultures.

10. Electronics chain stores are sometimes willing to forgo profits for a period of time in order to gain market share.

1. B. Visionary leaders are those courageous individuals who throughout history have refused to accept the status quo.

2. The thick soap won’t foam properly, so it is necessary and economical to ________ it with water. C. dilute

3. I’ve been on suspension for over 2 weeks because I stood up to a rude, ________ boss.A. arrogant

4. The successful candidates are all creative in solving problems and ________ at learning new technologies and skills. D. adept

5. She ________ as she talked about the messy young boys who had drunk up all her milk and eaten up all her chocolates.

A. bristled

6. Not only does he have one of those distinctive radio voices that sets him apart, he also brings a fun and a slightly ________ attitude to his show.B. irreverent

7. ________ assets comprise items such as land, buildings, plants, machinery, fixtures and fittings, IT equipment and vehicles.D. Tangible

8.These few old-style wooden shops are soon to be demolished. With them will go the last ________ of the town’s original look. C. vestige

9. Our way to stay ahead of the competition is by continually creating ________ products and services while building new value in existing product lines.C. innovative

10. He always smiled and never had a negative comment about anyone or a _________ remark about any situation.A. cynical The 51 million members of Generation X, born between 1965 and 1976, grew up in a very different world than 1.previous generations. Divorce and working moms 2.created “latchkey”kids out of many in this generation. This led to 3.traits of independence, resilience (弹性) and adaptability.

At the same time, this generation expects immediate and ongoing feedback, and is equally comfortable 4.giving

feedback to others. Other traits 5.include working well in multicultural settings, desire for some fun in the workplace and a pragmatic (重实效的) approach 6.to getting things done.

Generation X saw their parents get laid off or 7.face job insecurity. Many of them also entered the workplace in the early ’80s,8.when the economy was in a downturn. Because of these factors, a Gen Xer doesn’t 9.waste time complaining if he is dissatisfied 10.with the company —he sends his resume out and accepts the best 11.offer he can find at another organization.

At the same time, Generation X takes employability 12.seriously. But for this generation there isn’t a career ladder. There’s a career lattice (格子). They can move laterally (横向的), stop and start, their career is more 13.fluid .

Biodiversity Members of Generation X dislike authority and 14.rigid work requirements. Therefore, providing feedback on their performance should 15.play a big part, as should encouraging their creativity and 16.initiative to find new ways to get tasks done. As a mentor, you’ll want Gen Xers to work with you, not 17.for you. Start by informing them of your expectations and how you’ll measure their progress and18.assure them that you’re committed to helping

them learn new skills. (Members of Generation X are eager to learn new skills because they want to 19.stay employable.) Gen Xers work best when they’re given the desired outcome and then left 20.alone20.alone

to figure out how to achieve it themselves. This means a mentor should guide them with feedback and suggestions, not step-by-step instructions.

Translation

[A] 1. 经过五年的实践, 他现在对同国际投资和贸易相关的法律事务已很在行了。

Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legal issues relating to international investment and trade.

2. 根据一项调查，X一代对退休后依靠社会保障持怀疑态度。和先辈们相比，他们早已开始在为退休而省钱了。

According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on Social Security when they retire. They began saving for retirement early compared with their predecessors.

3. 通过这种轻松舒适的脚摩治疗，你白天所有的烦恼压力好象都消失了。

All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxing and comfortable treatment of foot massage.

4. 研究表明大部分员工都很看重他们卓有成效的工作能够得到认可或赞赏。

Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized or being complemented for a job well done.

5. 急诊室里挤满了来看常见病的病人，因为他们没有固定的医生。

Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment of relatively routine medical problems because they didn’t have a regular doctor.

6. 任何一个试图训练或帮助一名新技术经理转变角色成为领导的人都可以从这本书中获得有用的想法。

Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transition to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.

7. 大多数时候如果你走捷径完成一个项目，结果则需要你做一些修补工作,而其所花的时间会是你走捷径所省下的时间的两倍。

Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing a project you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.

8. 那些不能在个人和职业生活之间设置合理界限的员工是不能理解生活和工作的意义的。

Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life and work.

9. 这一运动的目的是训练人们在面对危险时有序而职业地作出反应。

The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined and professional manner when in the presence of danger.

10. 大多数X一代人都有放弃职业发展而花费更多时间来陪妻子和孩子的愿望,特别是在他们孩子还小的那几年。Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement for more time with their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children’s lives.

[B] Gen Xers, on the other hand, watched the sacrifices that their parents made to move up the career ladder, only to be met with massive layoffs in American corporations.

然而，X一代人目睹了他们的父母为了职业晋升而做出牺牲，结果却遭遇了美国公司的大量裁员。

These different perspectives can often lead to clashes in the workplace. Each group is prone to generalizations about the other. 这些不同的观点视角常常导致工作中的冲突。他们彼此都易于把对方概念化。

Gen Xers see no reason to pay their dues because they can get the job done better and faster and still have time for their lifestyles and family.

X一代人认为自己没有理由要尽职苦干，因为他们能把工作做得又好又快，而且仍有时间来休闲和陪伴家人。

Some would say the only solution is the legal system, where age-bias lawsuits may rise as boomers age.

有人会说唯一的解决办法是通过司法体系，因为随着婴儿潮时期的人不断变老，与年龄歧视有关的诉讼可能会增加。But history will repeat itself as the baby boomers leave the workforce, the Gen Xers rise to power and generation Y employees come on the scene.

但是，历史就是如此循还往复—随着婴儿潮时期出生的人开始退休，X一代开始掌权，Y一代开始步入社会。

第五单元

1. The fate of the giant panda is a worldwide concern. It is hoped that sophisticated reproduce technology can help prevent it from extinction.

2. A rising number of school age children are seeking medical help for varied psychological problems resulting mainly from improper parenting —such as excessive care and intervention, indifference or physical punishment.

3. Due to selling pressure from speculators as well as public investors, today technology stocks suffered another sharp setback on the Bombay Stock Exchange.

4. A firm which dismisses an employee on the grounds of redundancy is obliged to compensate him for loss of employment.

5. According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs, China will soon establish in the countryside, as it has already done in urban areas, the system to give minimum living subsidy to the poorest people.

6. Rugao is recognized for the longevity of its residents. Experts from home and abroad are trying to figure out what makes people live longer in that region with rapid economic growth.

7. Many Chinese cities will raise taxi fares by 25 percent to offset an increase in fuel costs.

8. Many multinationals have set up business headquarters in Shanghai, hoping to avail themselves of the city’s comprehensive advantages in geography, investment environment and human resources .

9. Beijing Municipal Education Committee set new regulations on behavioral norms of primary and middle school students, introducing modern ethics and doing away with outdated content such as “fight criminals courageously.”

10. Corruption and unreliable electricity supply are listed as major constraints on the business operation and growth of firms in South Asia, said a World Bank survey report.

第六单元

Vocabulary

1. The United Nations firmly deplored the violent bomb attack launched by terrorists which killed 23 civilians.

2. As more and more people prefer environmentally friendly cars, houses, food, household appliances and tourism, the use of “green”products pervades in China like a “greenwave.”

3. To spur employee productivity and improve efficiency is not an option but a requisite for companies committed to growth in the fast-changing new economy.

4. Many workaholics work long hours with little rest, but researchers have found a short afternoon nap at work can significantly improve workers’alertness and productivity.

5. Due to the falling percentage of couples getting premarital medical check-ups, the number of hereditary and infectious diseases among infants is rising.

6. Economizing on water use is the best way to protect water resources, but extravagant use of water is common along the Yangtze as many people hold that the river water is so abundant that they do not need to save water at all.

7. In the times of great changes in the global situation, what people crave for is peace and economic prosperity.

8. Cartoon mania is sweeping the country as bookstores are packed with Japanes and Korean comic books.

9. The systematic and conscious practice of making one’s friends or competitors feel inferior and thereby gaining the status of being “one jump ahead”of them is called one-upmanship .

10. China and the United States cooperate in safeguarding world peace and stability, promoting global economic growth, and dealing with terrorism, transnational crimes and diseases. Their common interests overwhelm their differences.

1. In response to the __________ threat of attack, the country was compelled to institute new security measures for airports and air travel.C. unrelenting

2. Three medical organizations concluded that doctors should not be required to perform life-saving procedures when life support is __________ for patients who are irreversibly unconscious. B. futile

3. According to the latest figures, the housing market will continue to __________ but won't collapse amid the gloomy economy. D. stagnate

4. Widespread pollution of the environment by companies may come to an end as a bill has been drafted which proposes to __________ any offending firms. B. penalize

5. Despite many current threats to peace and order, the Indonesian government is striving to __________ national unity and protect its territorial integrity.A. Sustain

6. In ancient China, influential military and religious individuals were __________ as ancestors and continuously received ritual offerings for many years. D. venerated

7. With efforts made on both sides, the friendly cooperative relations between the two countries are full of vigor and __________ and will be advancing continuously. C. vitality

8. The Prime Minister promised that the government would continue its __________ fight against terrorism and he would not negotiate under any condition. B. ruthless

9. Stricter control is needed over imports of __________ species of plants and animals, since many of them have already damaged the native environment. A. exotic

10. One truly unique thing that makes Hawaii such a special vacation destination is the islands’rich culture, which still __________ the modern Hawaii of today. C. permeates

Over the last 70 years or so, researchers have been 1.probing happy and unhappy people, and they’re finally focusing on the 2.factors that make a difference.

1) Wealth Money can buy a 3.degree of happiness, But once you can 4.afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each5.extra dollar makes less and less difference.Scientists find that, on 6.average , wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f96753428.html,plicated. In the past half-century, average income has 8.skyrocket in industrialized counties, yet happiness levels have remained 9.static .

Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to 10.boost happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and 11.colleague. Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better. This helps explain why people who can 12.seek status in other ways —scientists or actors,for example —may happily 13.accept relatively poorly paid jobs.

2) Desire How much stuff do you need to feel good? In the 1980s, political scientist Alex Michalos at the University of Northern British asked 18,000 college students in 39 countries to 14.rate their happiness on a numeric scale. Then he asked them how 15.close they were to having all they wanted. He found that the people whose 16.aspiration—not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health, the works —

furthest 17.beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who perceived a smaller gap. Indeed, the 18. Size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. This gap measures might explain why most

people 19.fail to get much happier as their salaries rise. Instead of 20.Satisfying our desires, most of us merely want more. Translation

[A] 1. 在追求幸福的过程中，人们注定要遭受许多挫折。

People are preordained to suffer many frustrations in their quest for happiness.

2. 美国是一个雄心勃勃的民族。各行各界的人们都面临着力求出类拔萃的激烈竞争压力。

American is an ambitious nation. People from every walk of life face the pressure of fierce competition to excel.

3. 当天买卖股票投机是一种危险的谋财之道。

Day trading is a dangerous way of trying to make a fortune.

4. 数百万人怀着暴发致富的幻想花钱买彩票。

Millions of people have a fantasy about getting rich quick and spend money on lotteries.

5. 人们担心如果军备竞赛失控，世界局势将进一步恶化

There is a fear that if the arms race gets out of hand, the world situation will be worse off.

6. 为了保护自己免遭失败的痛苦就放弃自己的抱负是不明智的。

It is not sensible to give up one’s own ambition in order to shield oneself from the bitterness of failure.

7. 许多人拼命挣钱，因为金钱可以买到大房子、小汽车、大屏幕电视以及其他被认为代表地位和身份的消费品。

Many people strain to earn money because money can buy big houses, cars, big-screen TVs and other consumer products which are considered symbols of status and identity.

8. 为了实现我们的抱负而努力奋斗是值得的。

It pays to exert ourselves to fulfill our own ambitions.

9. 十年前大多数中国人还买不起的手机现在已成为很普及的生活必需品。

The cell phone, which was beyond the reach of the majority of the Chinese people a decade ago, has now become a widely owned daily necessity.

10. 自从得到了晋升以后，她就表现得自命不凡。不过在我看来，她只不过是个微不足道的小人物。She acts as if she were someone since she was promoted. But to me, she is a mere nobody.

[B] Ambition is one of those Rorschach words: define it and you instantly reveal a great deal about yourself. 1) Even the most neutral of works, Webster’s, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, gives itself away, definin g ambition first and foremost as ―an ardent desire for rank, fame, or power.‖

即使是最中立的著作《韦伯斯特词典》也暴露了它自己的追求目标，它在其新大学版第七版中将雄心首先定义为“一种追求地位、荣誉或权利的热切欲望”。

Ardent immediately assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability, and rank, fame, and power have come under fairly heavy attack for at least a century.

“热切”这个词立刻呈现出与理智的判断和沉稳的心态所不相称的热烈情绪，而地位、荣誉和权利也在至少长达一个世纪的时间里一直受到相当猛烈的抨击。

One can, after all, be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind, …

然而毕竟一个人可以立志于促进公共的利益，减轻人们的痛苦，或是启迪人类的思想。

The family would become superfluous as a social unit, with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away.

家庭将成为多余的社会单位，不再具有以前能够带给人们焦虑和恐惧的力量。

Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.

人们的寿命将会延长，因为越来越少的人会死于由拼命工作而引起的心脏病和中风。

新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程2 -课后翻译习题

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自考英语二 课后练习答案 Unit 8 课后练习答案

Unit8The Great Minds 课后习题参考答案 Text A I.1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A II.Section A 1.perfection 2.accomplishment 3.persistent 4.disposal 5.effective 6.motivational Section B 1.obstacle 2.incredible 3.vision 4.perspective 5.fulfill 6.profound Section C 1.from 2.from 3.for 4.at 5.in 6.of III. 1.confused 2.natural 3.intentionally 4.likely 5.potential 6.as opposed to7.even if8.known9.called upon10.mark Ⅳ．Section A 1.find that it is difficult to adapt to the new school. 2.kids would like to share their stories with. 3.elected one of its members to be their spokesperson. 4.only to find that they had to overcome financial difficulty by themselves. 5.stress the importance of balanced diet. Section B 有时候，我们唯一能做的就是质疑自己存在的意义。我们经常会

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读说写2 Unit one Vocabulary A 1.triggered 2.economically 3.minimum https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f96753428.html,mitment 5.relieved 6. shrinking 7.enrollments 8.scarcely 9.sequence 10.stride B 1-5 ADBCB 6-10 ACACD Cloze 1.requires 2.dimensional 3.thoughtfully 4.lines 5. next 6.summarize 7.own 8. notes 9.out 10.refuse 11.front 12.content 13.act 14.value 15.accent 16. distracting 17.effort 18.advantage 19.forth 20.conclusions Translation [A] 1. 那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student. 2. 现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。 The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students. 3. 老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。 The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory. 4. 我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去, 因为我有一大堆事情要做。I’d love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack of things to do. 5. 中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。

新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写教程2课后答案和翻译

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