人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点汇总

人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点

U4(选修六)

Language points-reading 1

1.depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信

You can’t depend on your parents forever.

depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……

You can’t depend on him to come on time.

depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..

You may depend on it that he will come.

depend on/upon +wh-从句

Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定，

I may help you. But that/ it depends.

2. light

1)n. 光,线,灯

2)v.照亮,点燃

He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。

A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。

The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着

3)adj

The suitcase is very light.（轻的）

There was a light rain falling.

He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。（易醒的）

3. heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖

heated adj. 热的激烈的

heated debate, heated discussion

heatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地

heater加热器发热器

4.consume v.---- consumer (n.).

1 消耗,花费;耗尽

She consumed most of her time in reading.

2吃完,喝光

The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。

3 使全神贯注,使着迷+with

The boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。

5.as … as one can = as … as possible

Please come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.. as many as 多达

as long as 长达,只要

as far as远至,就…而论

as well as 和…一样好,也,和

as early as 早在

6.对比：

Our food supply has given out.

His money soon ran out.

We are running out of our time.

I have run out of my oil.

All his savings have been used up.

7.Trap vt. / n. 挡住圈套

Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.

They finally trapped the mouse in a cage.最后，他们用笼子把老鼠逮着了。

The police set a trap for the thieves.

She was trapped in the burning house.

8.keep ….from….

stop…. (from)….

prevent…(from)….

You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。

Keep doing 继续

keep out 挡住使进不去

keep up with 跟上

9 What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?

▲本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。

但应注意的是：特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think, believe，suppose，consider, imagine，guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如：[正] Who do you think will win in the game?

[误] Do you think who will win in the game?

当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如：

[误] Why do you know we can't cut down the big tree?

[正] Do you know why we can't cut down the big tree?

when compared to other natural changes是一个省略的时间状语从句，其完整的形式应该是When it is compared to…;

在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句和主句为同一主语，或者从句的主语是it,而且从句中的谓语动词时动词be或含有助动词be，可省略主语和be 如：

If (it is) so, you must get back and get it. Although (he was) criticized, he still worked hard.

He hurt his legs badly when (he was) playing football

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f613379745.html,pare

compare to/ with: 与…相比

Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.

compare A with B：相比（不同）

If you compare her work with his, you will findhers is much better.

compare A to B：把A比作B

Poets have compared sleep to death.

A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.

The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.

Compared to ten years ago, the carbon dioxide content over this decade has gone up

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is compared to the glass of greenhouse. Compared with is similar to

People often compare teachers to gardeners. 人们经常把老师比做园丁。

That probably doesn’t sound very much to you or me but it is a rapid increase. compared to most natural changes 与大多数的自然变化相比

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f613379745.html,e about:发生=happen(无被动）

1 This situation should never have come out.

2 How did it come about that he had his leg hurt?他的腿伤着了，这是怎么发生的？

3 This has not come about overnight.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒

Take place事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排：The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing.

Happen 偶然或突发性事件： what happened to you?

I happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home. Occur 发生或想到，突然想起，意为发生时=happen: what has occurred?

I occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.

Come about 事情发生了，但还不知道为什么。常用于否定和疑问

When mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.

Break out 常指战争灾难疾病争吵事件的发生

come into being 形成

Come into power/office 当权/当职

Come into force/effect 开始生效

Come out出版 ,结果… come across偶遇

come to 共计，醒

When it comes to 涉及

Come up with 提出

Come up在空中出现，

Come along, 进展，跟随

come true …成真

12.There is no doubt that ….毫无疑问….

There is no doubt that he can come on time.

doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether / if / that 否定句 that

He doubted whether they would be able to help.

He never doubted that they would win the game.

beyond / without doubt无疑地

It is human activity that…

原句：My teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.

强调主语：It was my teacher that did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.

强调宾语It was the experiment that my teacher did in the lab yesterday morning with me.

强调时间状语It was yesterday morning that my teacher did the experiment in the lab with me.

强调地点状语It was in the lab that my teacher did the experiment yesterday morning

强调方式状语It was with me that my teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning.

not …until…

I didn’t realize she was a fa mous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was until she took off her dark glasses that I didn’t realize she was a famous film star.(错)

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.(对)

强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was+被强大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分？

特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成：特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用述语序）例如：Did he help you with your English study last week?

Was it he that helped you with your English study last week?

When did you receive the gift?

When was it that you received the gift?

13random 随意的胡乱的随机的/ randomly

at random 任意地随便地

14. phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.)

the phenomena of nature自然现象

a social phenomenon 社会现象

15.Subscribe vi. Vt.

Subscribe to 同意赞同，支持订阅签名

I subscribe to your opinion completely.(同意赞同)

I subscribe to a weekly women’s magazine（订阅报纸杂志）

She subscribes to a society which helps to protect animals(定期捐款）16．Without the ‘green house effect’，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33℃

▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句

=If there wer e no “green house effect”, the earth would be abo ut thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry．

要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting with his students；otherwise he would have come.

他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party．

他昨天很累, 不然他就参加那个聚会了。

17. add v.

add up 加起来

add up to合计达

add to 增加

If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7

Add up these figures, please.

18. quantity

1) He likes reading and always buys books in quantity. 他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。

2)He prefers quality to quantity when food is concerned. 在吃的方面，他重质而不重量

3A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise.自从气温升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。

a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的…，许多的…

in quantity;成批地，大量地

a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。

注意:a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of…作主语，谓语动词都用复数

Quantities of food were on the table.

Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.

Huge quantities of fossil fuels are burned to produce energy.

As a result of burning fossil fuels, a large of carbon dioxide ___ added to the atmosphere.

A. number; is

B. quantity; is

C. number; are

D. quantity; are

19.It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。

causing现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。

现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果

His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company.

不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加only,在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事与愿违的结果例如：

He hurried to the station, only to find that th train had left already.

20. Tend- tendency

vt.照顾，护理

She is tending (to) a very sick patient. （她在护理一位重病人。）

There is a farmer tending his sheep.

vi. tend to易于，往往会；倾向于

When I’m tired, I tend to make mistakes.

He tends to get angry when people oppose his opinion.

She went up (to Cambridge) in 1977. (英)上大学

Cigarettes are going up (in price). 上涨

New office blocks are going up everywhere.建造起盖起

The whole building went up in flames.被烧(炸)毁

When are you next going up to Scotland?北上格兰

Unemployment has gone up again.增加

The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room. (舞台幕布)拉起

We‘re going up to London next weekend.进城

go up in smoke化为乌有

go by 经过

go in for 参加

go through经历，遭到

go on 前进

22. result in 导致, 造成 =lead to

The accident resulted in three people being killed.

The accident ______ the death of two passengers.

A. resulted from

B. resulted in

C. resulted of

D. resulted with

result from: 起因于，因为…

23.Most citizens opposed the new tax.大部分市民反对新税。

★2)The mother opposed her daughter’s going there alone.这位母亲反对她女儿一个人去那儿

3)I’m strongly opposed to your plan.我坚决反对你的计划。

4)His daughter is very athletic, as opposed to his son, who is very clever.他的女儿擅长运动，他的儿子却擅长动脑，两人形成鲜明的对比。

oppose sth 反对某事；

oppose doing sth 反对干某事

be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对…

as opposed to(介词)与…对照下

表示“反对”的短语：

say no to…对…说不，拒绝，反对；

be against反对，不同意；

object to (doing)sth.反对，讨厌；

object that…对…提出异议。例如：

Can you explain why you said no to my offer?你能否解释一下为什么拒绝我的帮助？They objected that the schedule was too tight.它们对工作进度表太紧提出异议。24. 1)The rise in lung cancers was a consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌的增长是吸烟造成的结果。

2) ——I’m afraid you’re ill.你恐怕是病了吧

——It’s of no consequence.不要紧

★3）As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。

4)Who should answer for the consequence of the accident.谁应该为这起事故负责？be of no/little/great/much +consequence不/非常重要

as a consequence (of…)=

in consequence (of…) 结果（是…），由于…

take the consequence of承担责任

answer for the consequences对…后果负责。

句子改写

1)He hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare, so they had to walk there.

=He hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare, and in ____________they had to walk there.

2)Is the experiment very important to you?

=Is the experiment _______ ________ _______ to you?

in consequence

of great consequence

25. mild

adj.

1) 温和的,温柔的

He is the mildest man alive. 他是世上最和善的人了。

2) 温暖的,暖和的

It's been a mild winter this year. 今年的冬天一直很暖和。

3) 味淡的,不浓烈的

Please make my drink a mild one. 请把我的酒调得淡一点。

4) 轻微的,不重的;宽大的

He was given a mild punishment. 他被从轻发落。

26. state-statement

The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith述;声明;说明

Ice is the solid state of water .形态

In china, the railway are owned by the state.国家,政府

There are 50 states in America

Everything was in a state of disorder.状态

The president has made an important statement about the matter.

state是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如condition具体，只用作单数形式。The house was in a dirty state.

condition是常用词，○1用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指在状态，可与state替用；eg. be in poor/good condition

○2用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态。eg. poor working conditions

situation是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起来的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。eg.find oneself in an embarrassing situation

position ○1有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）○2(尤作单数)处境，情势（尤指影响某人行为的能力）eg.I am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。

27. range

1)排列, 将...排成行The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.

2 )(在一定围)变化

the frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast

The prices of the pens range from $5-$100.

3) It’s beyond the range of my ability.

4) I came within my range of vision.

5) he has a wide range of knowledge.

beyond the range of超出…围

within the range of在…围

range from A to B 围从A到B

28.

1)The clouds are building up.云彩在聚集

2)You need more protein to build you up. 增强体质,强身健体。

3)She’s built up a very successful business.逐步建立

4)The singer has been built up into a good success.吹捧，赞扬