词根词缀
前缀:
A=放在单词或者词根前,等于negative(否定)=not, without
amnesty大赦,特赦,amoral 非道德的
apathy冷漠,漠不关心asymmetry不对称
放在单词前,表示“在,的”asleep, aside
ab,abs-=from, away from, off 加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去”
abnormal变态的,不正常的
abortion流产,堕胎
ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract
ad=to, at, for ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强”
adapt 使适合,使适应addict使沉溺,使热衷
ambi=on both sides, about, around: ambidextrous两手都很灵巧ambient周围的ambiguous 含糊的,不明确的
amphi=on both sides,around :amphibian水路两栖
an-在词根前,表示“不,无”:anonymous 匿名的,anarchism 无君主义
ante=before :antecedent在先的antechamber来宾接待室antedate提前的日子anticipate预期
anti=against, opposite to
anti-communist反共的Antarctic南极的
apo- 表示“离开,远离”apogee
auto=self
autobiography自传autocracy专制政治
autogamy 自体生殖(gamy=marriage)
autonomy自治区
be-构成动词,表示“使……成为”befall, befriend, behold
构成介词,beside, behind, below, before, beneath
bene=well, good
benefaction恩惠benefactor恩人
beneficial有益的benign良性的
bi=double, two
bicameral两院制的bicolored两色的
bigamy重婚的bilingual双语的
by-“在旁边,副的”: byroad, byway, bywork
co-表示“共同”,通常放在元音词根前。coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide
circum=around, round about
circumference圆周circumstance环境circulate流通
com(con)=together, with
combine联合,结合commingle混合
compose组成,构成coeducation
coexist共存cohabitation同居
contra=against
contradict否认,反驳contrary相反
contrast对比counterbalance对抗力
counterfeit伪造品
counter-表示“反对,相反”counteract, counterbalance
col-, cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”: collapse, colleague, collect
de=down, downward
表示分离的时候(away, from):Deform 使残废,使丑陋Derive 获得,得来,起源表示否定的时候:Demerit 过失,短处
表示加强的时候:Demonstrate 证明,示范devastate 使荒废,毁灭
de的另外用法:decode 译码deface伤毁deficit 赤字
deca-=ten:
decade十年decagon十角形decimal十进制decimeter分米
di-
表示“两个,双”: dichromatic, dioxide
表示“使…变成,分开,离开”: digest
demi-=half : demigod
di-=double,twice: dilemma 进退两难diploma双学位
dia- 表示“穿过,二者之间”: dialogue, diameter
dia-=through, between, across
diagnosis=between+knowledge诊断
diagonal=through+angle对角线
diameter=through+meter直径
dif- 和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开”
differ, difference, diffident
dis-=除去,剥夺,反对,否定
disadvantage不利,缺点,损失
disannul 取消,废弃
disband 解散
disconsolate哀伤的,忧闷的
dismember割断四肢,使四分五裂
duo-=two, double
dozen一打,12个
duplicate完全相同的,复制的
dys-表示“坏,不良”
dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction
e-,ef- 表示“出,出来”:
evaluate, elongate, elaborate
em-,en- 表示“进入…之中,包围”:
embrace, embed, empathy
表示“使…进入状态”:empower, embitter, embody
epi-表示“在…上,在…周围,在…后面
epidermal, epidemic, epigram
eu-=well
euphemism 委婉的说法
euthanasia 安乐死
ex-=out of, fully
elaborate=用心地做,苦心经营
execute实现,执行
exempt免除
exert运用,实施
exhale呼出,呼气
exhilarate使兴高采烈,使快活
exo-表示“外部的,外面”exogamy, exotic extra-=beyong
extracurricular课外的
extrajudicial法庭外的
extravagant奢侈的,过度的
fore-=before
forearm前臂
foremost最先的,首要的
forth-=towards
forthcoming即将出现的,
forthright一往直前地,直路
kilo-=thousand
kilocalorie大卡
kilohertz千赫
kilovolt千伏
kilowatt千瓦
hemi-=half
hemicycle 半圆
hemisphere 半球
hetero-= other, different
heterodyne 异齿形的?
heterosexual 异性爱的人
homo-=same
homosexual 同性恋的人
hyper-=above,beyond
hyperacidity 胃酸过多症
hyperactive 极度活跃的,过分积极的hypermilitant极端好战的hypersensitive 过度敏感的
hypersonic 超音速的
hypertension 高血压的
hypertrophy 肥胖,异常发达
hypo-=under
hypocrisy 伪善,矫饰
hypotension 低血压
hypothermia 低体温
hypothesis 假说,假设
in-=in,into,on
inborn 天生的,天赋的
incubate=on+lie+ate= 孵蛋,孵化,筹划
induce=towards+to lead=引诱,说服,招致
infect=in+to make 传染
inflate= in+to blow 使膨胀,使得意,使物价上涨intoxicate=into+poison+ate=使醉,使陶醉,使中毒im-=in,into
immerge=into+to sink 浸,沉入
immigrate= into+to wander 移民
emigrate 迁居
impediment= in+foot+ment妨碍,阻碍
impinge=in+to strike 撞击,侵犯
implicate=in+to fold 牵连,暗示,使纠缠explicate 说明,解释
i(n)-=negative=not
inaccessible 不能亲近的,不能得到的inadequate 不适当的,不充分的
inaudible 听不见的
indecisive 缺乏决心的,优柔寡断的
insane 疯狂的
invaluable 无价的,非常珍贵的
illegitimate 违法的,私生的
illiterate未受教育的人,不和逻辑的
inter-=between,among
intercept=between+catch中途拦截,截获interlude=between+to play间奏曲,中间interstellar=between+star星际的
intra-,intro-=within,inward(与extra-相反)intraparty 党内的
intravenous静脉内的,静脉注射的
introspect 内省
introvert使内向,使内省
iso-=equal
isochronal同一时间的,等时性
isotherm等温线
isotope同位素
macro-=large, long macrocosm=large + universe 大宇宙,总体macroeconomics 总体经济学,宏观经济学
macrometeorology大气象学
macroscopic= large+ scop (to look)+ic (al) 肉眼可见的
mal(e)-=badly,ill (与bene相反)
maladjustment调节不善,适应不应
maladminstration经营不善,恶政
malediction= badly + to speak 诅咒,诽谤
malformation奇形怪状,畸形
malignant= bad+ to produce恶性的(benigant良性的)malnourished营养失调的
mege= large, million megadeath百万人的死亡
megalopolitan大都市的
megaphone扩音器的,传声筒
megaton 一百万吨,megavolt 百万伏特,megawatt百万瓦特meta-=among, with, after( 一般表示变化,主要用在科学用语中) metabolism= after+ to throw+ ism 新城代谢
metagenesis世代交替
metaphor隐喻
metaphysical形而上学,非物质的
metonymy 换喻
micro-=small microbiology 微生物学
microeconomics 具体经济学,微观经济学
microscope显微镜
microwave微波
milli-=thousand, thousandth
milligram毫克
millimeter毫米
mis-=wrong, bad, ill
misadvise 给予错与的劝告
misapply 误用
misapprehend误解,想错
misarrange 排列错误
misconduct 行为不检
mono-=single, sole, alone
monochrome= single+ color 单色画,单色的
monocracy= alone + rule独裁政治
monogamy= alone+ marriage 一夫一妻制(polygamy 一夫多妻制)monolingual=single+ language 只用一种语言的
monotheism= single + god 一神论
monotonous= single+ tone+ ous-单调的,无变化的
multi-=many, much
multiform 各种形式的,多种的
multilingual 使用多种语言的
multiply 增加,繁殖,乘
multipurpose 多目标的,用途广大的
ne-= negative= not
nescience 无知,不可知论
naught= nought= nothing
nay=no
null= not any
neo-=new
neoclassicism 新古典主义
neofascism新法西斯主义
neoimpressionism 新印象主义
non-= not
nonaggression 不侵略,不侵犯
noncombustible= not+ together+ to burn+ ible不容易燃烧的nonconformity 不顺从,不一致
noncooperation 不合作
nonpartism无党派的,客观的,无偏袒
nonverbal 不使用文字的,非语文的
omni-表示“全部,到处”
omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscience
ob-= as, towards, at, before, upon, over, about, near, against obfuscate= over + to darken 使暗,使困惑
obituary= near + to go+ uary形容词词尾讣告,死亡的
object= towards, against+ to throw 反对,拒绝;物体,目标,对象obstacle= over, against+ to stand+ cle名词词尾障碍物
obtain= near, close to+ to hold 在身边
occupy= at+ to seize 占有,占领
octa-, octo-=eight, eighth
octagon=eight+ angle 八角形
octahedron= eight+ side 八面体
octopus= eight+ foot 章鱼
octuple= eight+ to fold八倍
omni-= all
omnibus 公共汽车
omnicompetent=all+ competent 能干的有全权的
omniscient= all + knowing 无所不知的
omnivorous= all+ to eat+ ous杂食的
out-= out, beyond
outdo 凌驾,胜过
outgrow 生长速度超过的
outlaw 被放逐的
outrival 胜过
over-= above, across, beyond
overact 动作过度
overbridge天桥,路桥
overcome 击败,压倒
overcrust以外皮或外壳包裹的
overhaul 彻底检查,分解检查
pan-(to) = all
panacea= all+ cure, remedy 万灵药
pan-American全美洲的
panorama 全景,全图
pantheism 泛神论
para-= beside, beyond, against, contrary
parachute= against+ fall 降落伞
parasol= against+ sun 阳伞
palsy= para- (beside) + lsy (to loosen) 使麻痹
pen-= almost
peninsula= almost + island 半岛
penultimate= almost+ last 倒数第二的
penumbra = almost + shadow 半影部
penta-= five
pentagon= five + angle 五角形
pentarchy= five+ rule 五头政治,五国联盟
per-= through, thoroughly, away
perform= thoroughly+ form( to furnish) 实行,供给
perfunctory= away+ to perform+ ory敷衍的,表面的,草率的permanent= through+ to remain+ ent永久的,不变的,耐久的,常设的perpendicular = through+ to weigh+ lar垂直的,直立的
persecute= continually+ to follow 迫害,困惑,烦恼
persevere= through+ properly to make to stand 固执,持久
peri-= around, round about
pericardium= around+ card(heart)+ -ium心包,心囊
perimeter= around+ to measure 周围,周长,周边
periphrase = round+ to speak 拐弯抹角地说
poly-= many
polycentric= many+ center 多中心的,多元的
polygamy= many+ marriage 一夫多妻
polygon=many+ angle 多角的
polytheism= many+ god+ ism多神论
post-=after, behind
postdate= 把日期填迟
posterity 子孙,后裔
postscript= after+ to write (p.s.) 附笔,后记
pre-= before
precaution 预防
preface= before+ to speak 作序,写前言,开始
preliminary= before+ threshold 门槛初步,开端
prescribe= before+ to write 规定,开药方
pro-= for, before, forth, forward
proceed= before+ to go 继续进行,开始
procure= for, in behalf of+ cure( to take care of) 取得,获得,说服prominent= forth+ to jut 突出+ent突出的,显著的
pseudo-= false
pseudocarp= false+ fruit 假果
pseudoclassicism= 伪古典主意
pseudonym= false+ name 假名,笔名
pseudoscience= 假科学
quadr(i)-= four
quadrilingual=four+ language 四国语言的
quadruple= four time+ to fold 四倍的
quasi-= partly
quasi-contract 准契约
quasi-judicial 准司法性的
quasi-official 半官方的
re-= again, back
reconcile= again+ concile使和谐和解,复交,调停
reiterate= again+ to repeat 反复地说或做,重述
remorse= again+ to bite 悔恨,懊悔
retract= back+ to draw 缩回,放回,撤回
retrieve= again+ to find 取回,恢复,更正
revive= again+ to live 苏醒,复活
revoke= back+ to call 取消,废止,宣告无效
retro-= backward
retroact=backward+ to act 反动,反作用
retroflex= backward+ to bend 反曲的,翻转的
retrograde= backward+ to go 后退,倒退,退化,退步retrospect= backward+ to look 回顾
se-=away, apart
secede= apart+ to go 脱离,退出
seclude= apart+ to shut 隔离,使隐居
secrete= apart+ to separate 分泌
semi-=half
semiannual 半年的
semicolon 分号
semiconscious 半意识的
semifinal 半决赛
semitropical 亚热带的
sept-= seven
september九月(是罗马日历的七月)
septilateral= seven+ later( side) 七边的
sepbrother异父异母的兄弟
stepmother, stepfather
sub-= under
subconscious= under+ aware 潜意识的
subdivide= under+ to divide 再分,细分
submarine= under+ marine( sea) 海下面的,潜水艇,水手
submerge= under+ to dip 淹没,埋伏
subscribe= under+ to write 签名,签署,捐助
substitute= under+ to place 代替,取代,替换
super-= above, over
superabundant= above+ abundant 充足的= 过多的,过剩的,多余的superficial= above+ fici( face )= 表面的,表皮的,肤浅的
superior 较好的,优秀的,占优势的
supernatural 超自然的,不可思议的
surpass= to pass over 凌驾,超越,胜过
syn-= with, together
synchronism= together+chron(time)+ -ism= 同时发生的,并发syndrome= together+ drome (to run) = 综合症状,习性
synonym=together+ name= 同义词
synthesis= together+ putting= 综合,合成
symbiosis= together+ life+ sis 共同,共存
sympathy= together+ feeling 同感,共鸣,同情,怜悯
symphony= together+ sound= 交响乐
tele-= far off
telecommunication=far off+ together+ to make= 远距离通讯
telegram= far off+ writing= 电报
telepathy=far off+ feeling= 心心相传
trans-=beyond, across, over
transaction= across+ to drive+ ion 办理,处理,交易
transfer= across+ to carry 调职,移动,让渡
transform 变形,变质
transparent= through+ to appeal 透明的,明白的
traitor= across+ to give+ or = 卖国贼
tranquil= beyond+ quil(rest) 平静的,安静的
tri-= three, threefold
triangle= three+ angle 三角形
tricar三轮汽车
trichord= three+ string 三弦乐器
trigonometry= three+ angle+ measure 三角学
triunity=three+ unity(一体)= 三位一体
twi-= two
twice 二度,二回,二倍
twist卷缠,合股线,编织
ultra 极端的,过度的
ultramodern 极现代化的
ultrared红外线的
ultrasonic= beyond+ sound 超音波的
un-= no
unambiguous= not+ ambiguous 含糊的= 明白的unattainable= not+ attainable 可到达的=难达到的
un-= the reversal of an action
unarm= 卸除武器,放下武器
unburden= 解除负担,使轻松
unbutton 解开纽扣
unearth 挖掘,掘出,揭发
unveil 取下面纱,揭露
under-= beneath
underage未成年的
underdeveloped 发展不全的,低度开发的underestimate 评价过低的
undermine在下面挖掘,破坏基础,在暗中损坏
uni-=one
unique唯一的
unite 单元,联合
universal 宇宙的,全体的
unanimous= one+ mind+-ous意见一致的,全体一致的up-=up, aloft
uphold举起,支持,鼓励
upright正直的,诚实的
uprise升起,站起
upsurge 上升,向上涌
vice-=in place of 副的
vice-chancellor 大学副校长
vice- minister 副部长
vice-president 副总统
with-=against, back
withdraw= to draw back 取回,撤回
withhold= to hold back 抑制,拒绝
withstand= to stand against 抵抗,对抗
后缀:
1, -ability 表名词,“能,性质”
possibility
2, -able 表形容词,“可…的”
believable
3, -aceous, -acious表形容词,“有…特征的”delicious
4, -acity表名词, “有…倾向”
capacity
5, -acy表名词, “性质, 状态”
privacy
6, -age 表名词, “状态, 总称”, “场所”, “费用”percentage, village, cottage, postage
7, -ain表名词“人”
captain
8, -aire表名词“人”
millionaire
9, -al 表形容词“…的”
personal, continental, rural
10, -ality表名词“状态,性质”
personality, nationality
11, -ally 表副词“…地”
dramatically
12, -an 表名词和形容词“人”
American, Roman
13, -ance, ence表名词, “性质,状况”
difference
14, -ancy表名词“性质, 状况”
vacancy, redundancy
15, -ant, -ent表形容词“…的”
distant, different
16, -ar表形容词“…的”
familiar
表名词, “人”
liar, beggar
17, -ard表名词, “不好的人”
bastard, coward, laggard
18, -arian表名词, “…的人”
vegetarian,
19, -ary表形容词, “…的”imaginary, elementary 20, -ate 表动词, “做, 造成”
graduate, frustrate
21, -atic表形容词, “有…性质”
diplomatic
22, -ation表名词“行为, 过程, 结果”election, production
23, -ative表形容词“有…倾向”active
24, -ator表名词, “做事的人或物”dictator, generator
25, -atory表形容词, “有…性质”explanatory
26, -cy 表名词“性质, 状态”privacy
27, -dom表名词“状态”
freedom
28, -ee表名词“被动的或主动的人”employee, examinee
29, -eer表名词“人员”
engineer
30, -el 表名词“人或物”
novel, channel
31, -en 表动词“变成”
shorten, darken
32, -ency表名词“状态,性质”efficiency
33, -ent表形容词, “…的”excellent
表名词“人”
student, resident
34, -eous表形容词, “有…的”courteous,
35, -er表名词“人”
mutter, chatter, waver
36, -ern表形容词, “…方向的”eastern, western, southern
37, -ery表名词“场所”, “行为”nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery
38, -esque表形容词“如…的”picturesque
39, -ess表名词“女性”
poetess, goddess, actress
40, -et, -let 表名词, “小东西”circlet, booklet
41, -etic 表形容词, “属于…的”theoretic, energetic
42, -ette表名词, “小的东西或状态”kitchenette
43, -ety表名词“状态”
anxiety
44, -eur表名词“…人”
amateur, entrepreneur
45, -faction 表名词“达到的状态”
satisfaction
46, -fold 表形容词或副词“双重”
threefold
47, -form 表形容词, “有…状态的”
uniform
48, -ful表形容词, “有…的”
beautiful, wonderful
表名词“满, 量”
handful, spoonful
49, -hood 表名词, “时期, 性质”
childhood, boyhood
50, -ial表形容词“有…的”
judicial, beneficial
51, -ian表名词“某种人”
historian, librarian
52, -ibility表名词“具备…性质的”
sensibility, possibility
53, -ible表形容词“能…的”
possible, credible
54, -ic表形容词, “…的”
scientific, fantastic
55, -ics表名词, “学科, 学术”
physics, mathematics
56, -id 表形容词, “如…的”
valid, humid
57, -ific表形容词, “产生…的”
scientific, terrific
58, -ify表动词, “…化”
purify, clarify
59, -ile表示形容词“…的”
juvenile, fertile
表示名词“物体”
missile
60, -ine表形容词, “…的”, 表名词“状态, 药物”elephantine, discipline, routine
61, -ing表名词, “状态”
feeling, learning
表形容词“正…的”
62, -ion, -tion, -sion表名词“动作或状态”
production, union, decision
63, -ior, “较…的”
superior, junior
64, -ious“…的”
curious, spacious
65, -ise , -ize表动词“…化”
memorize, advertise
66, -ish表形容词“像…一样”
foolish, selfish
表动词“造成”
67, -ism 表名词“…主义, 宗教”
socialism, capitalism
表示”学术或学术流派”
modernism
68, -ist表名词“表示信仰者, 专家或从事人”
communist
69, -istic表形容词, 由ist+ic构成, 表示“…的”
artistic
70, -ite表形容词, “有…的”
polite,
71, ition表名词, “行为过程, 状态”
definition,
72, -itude表名词, “性质, 状态”
attitude,
73, -ity表名词, 指具备某种性质
probability
74, -ive表形容词, 根据不同的单词结尾可分-sive, ative, ive, itive passive, active,
表名词, “人或物”
detective, locomotive
75, -ization表名词, 来自-ize+ation
“…化或发展过程”
modernization, organization
76, -less 表形容词, “无…的”
helpless, careless
77, -like 表形容词, “像…一样”
dreamlike, childlike
78, -ling 表名词, “小东西或某种人”
duckling, gosling, darling
headmost, outmost
79, -ly表形容词, 通常加在名词后
timely, lively, friendly
表副词, 通常放在形容词后
greatly, briefly, mainly
80, -ment表名词, “行为或结果”
movement, agreement
81, -most 表形容词, “最…的”
82, -ness 表名词, “性质, 状态”
kindness, business的”
83, -ory表形容词“…的”
introductory,
表名词, 指场所
factory, dormitory
84, -ous表形容词, “…的”
dangerous, lustrous
85, -proof 表形容词, “防…的”
waterproof, rainproof
86, -ress表名词“指女性”
actress, waitress,
87, -ship 表名词, “表示某种关系或状态”
friendship, hardship
88, -some 表形容词, “充满…的, 具有…倾向的”
handsome,
89, -th表名词, 通常指抽象名词
warmth, growth, strengthsinger, leader, writer
表动词“反复做”
90, -ture表名词, “一般状态, 行为”
miniature, conjecture, denture, mixture
91, -ward 表形容词, 副词, “向…”
downward, upward, northward
92, -wise 表副词, “方向, 状态”
clockwise, likewise
93, -y 表形容词,
rainy, windy
词根
–audi-, -audit- hear auditorium, auditor
-chron-, time chronology, chronological -dic-, -dict- say, speak dictator, dictation
-graph-, -gram- write, writing telegraph, telegram
-log-, ology- speech, word, study biology
-phon- sound telephone
-scrib-, -script- write describe, script
-spect- look at inspect, spectator
-vid-, -vis- see video, vision
–ced- go, move, yield precede
-duc- lead introduce
-flect- bend reflect, flexible
-mit-, -miss- send remit, missionary
-pon-, -pos- put, place postpone, position
-port- carry portable
-sequ-, -secut- follow consequence, consecutive
-spir- breathe inspiration, conspiracy
-tele- far telegraph, telephone
-ven-, -vene- come convene, convention
-voc-, -vok- call vocal, revoke
–anthro-, -anthropo- human anthropology
-arch- first, chief, leader monarch, archbishop
-fact-, -fect- make, do affect, benefactor
-gam- marriage monogamy, polygamous
-hetero- different, other heterosexual, heterogeneous -home- same homogenized milk
-man-, -manu- hand manually, manage
-morph- form, structure polymorphous
-onym-, -nomen- name synonym, nomenclature
-pathy- feeling, disease sympathy, telepathy
-theo-, -the- god theology, polytheism
–aster-, -astro-, -stellar- star astronomy, stellar
-auto- self automobile, automatic -bio- life biology
-cycle- circle bicycle, cycle
-mega- great, large megaton, megalopolis
-mort- death mortal, immortality
-phil- love philosophy
-polis- city metropolis
-psych- mind psychology
-soph- wise philosophy, sophomore
–capit- head, chief captain, cap, decapitate
-corp- body corporation, incorporate
-derm- skin epidermis, dermatology
-geo- earth geology, geography
-hydr-, -hydro- water hydrogen, hydrology
-ortho- straight, correct orthodox, orthography
-pod-, -ped- foot podiatrist, pedestrian
-son- sound sound , sonic
-therm-, -thermo- heat thermal, hypothermia
-ver- true verity, veritable