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TOEFL常见词根词缀(新)

词根词缀

前缀:

A=放在单词或者词根前,等于negative(否定)=not, without

amnesty大赦,特赦,amoral 非道德的

apathy冷漠,漠不关心asymmetry不对称

放在单词前,表示“在,的”asleep, aside

ab,abs-=from, away from, off 加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去”

abnormal变态的,不正常的

abortion流产,堕胎

ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract

ad=to, at, for ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强”

adapt 使适合,使适应addict使沉溺,使热衷

ambi=on both sides, about, around: ambidextrous两手都很灵巧ambient周围的ambiguous 含糊的,不明确的

amphi=on both sides,around :amphibian水路两栖

an-在词根前,表示“不,无”:anonymous 匿名的,anarchism 无君主义

ante=before :antecedent在先的antechamber来宾接待室antedate提前的日子anticipate预期

anti=against, opposite to

anti-communist反共的Antarctic南极的

apo- 表示“离开,远离”apogee

auto=self

autobiography自传autocracy专制政治

autogamy 自体生殖(gamy=marriage)

autonomy自治区

be-构成动词,表示“使……成为”befall, befriend, behold

构成介词,beside, behind, below, before, beneath

bene=well, good

benefaction恩惠benefactor恩人

beneficial有益的benign良性的

bi=double, two

bicameral两院制的bicolored两色的

bigamy重婚的bilingual双语的

by-“在旁边,副的”: byroad, byway, bywork

co-表示“共同”,通常放在元音词根前。coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide

circum=around, round about

circumference圆周circumstance环境circulate流通

com(con)=together, with

combine联合,结合commingle混合

compose组成,构成coeducation

coexist共存cohabitation同居

contra=against

contradict否认,反驳contrary相反

contrast对比counterbalance对抗力

counterfeit伪造品

counter-表示“反对,相反”counteract, counterbalance

col-, cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”: collapse, colleague, collect

de=down, downward

表示分离的时候(away, from):Deform 使残废,使丑陋Derive 获得,得来,起源表示否定的时候:Demerit 过失,短处

表示加强的时候:Demonstrate 证明,示范devastate 使荒废,毁灭

de的另外用法:decode 译码deface伤毁deficit 赤字

deca-=ten:

decade十年decagon十角形decimal十进制decimeter分米

di-

表示“两个,双”: dichromatic, dioxide

表示“使…变成,分开,离开”: digest

demi-=half : demigod

di-=double,twice: dilemma 进退两难diploma双学位

dia- 表示“穿过,二者之间”: dialogue, diameter

dia-=through, between, across

diagnosis=between+knowledge诊断

diagonal=through+angle对角线

diameter=through+meter直径

dif- 和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开”

differ, difference, diffident

dis-=除去,剥夺,反对,否定

disadvantage不利,缺点,损失

disannul 取消,废弃

disband 解散

disconsolate哀伤的,忧闷的

dismember割断四肢,使四分五裂

duo-=two, double

dozen一打,12个

duplicate完全相同的,复制的

dys-表示“坏,不良”

dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction

e-,ef- 表示“出,出来”:

evaluate, elongate, elaborate

em-,en- 表示“进入…之中,包围”:

embrace, embed, empathy

表示“使…进入状态”:empower, embitter, embody

epi-表示“在…上,在…周围,在…后面

epidermal, epidemic, epigram

eu-=well

euphemism 委婉的说法

euthanasia 安乐死

ex-=out of, fully

elaborate=用心地做,苦心经营

execute实现,执行

exempt免除

exert运用,实施

exhale呼出,呼气

exhilarate使兴高采烈,使快活

exo-表示“外部的,外面”exogamy, exotic extra-=beyong

extracurricular课外的

extrajudicial法庭外的

extravagant奢侈的,过度的

fore-=before

forearm前臂

foremost最先的,首要的

forth-=towards

forthcoming即将出现的,

forthright一往直前地,直路

kilo-=thousand

kilocalorie大卡

kilohertz千赫

kilovolt千伏

kilowatt千瓦

hemi-=half

hemicycle 半圆

hemisphere 半球

hetero-= other, different

heterodyne 异齿形的?

heterosexual 异性爱的人

homo-=same

homosexual 同性恋的人

hyper-=above,beyond

hyperacidity 胃酸过多症

hyperactive 极度活跃的,过分积极的hypermilitant极端好战的hypersensitive 过度敏感的

hypersonic 超音速的

hypertension 高血压的

hypertrophy 肥胖,异常发达

hypo-=under

hypocrisy 伪善,矫饰

hypotension 低血压

hypothermia 低体温

hypothesis 假说,假设

in-=in,into,on

inborn 天生的,天赋的

incubate=on+lie+ate= 孵蛋,孵化,筹划

induce=towards+to lead=引诱,说服,招致

infect=in+to make 传染

inflate= in+to blow 使膨胀,使得意,使物价上涨intoxicate=into+poison+ate=使醉,使陶醉,使中毒im-=in,into

immerge=into+to sink 浸,沉入

immigrate= into+to wander 移民

emigrate 迁居

impediment= in+foot+ment妨碍,阻碍

impinge=in+to strike 撞击,侵犯

implicate=in+to fold 牵连,暗示,使纠缠explicate 说明,解释

i(n)-=negative=not

inaccessible 不能亲近的,不能得到的inadequate 不适当的,不充分的

inaudible 听不见的

indecisive 缺乏决心的,优柔寡断的

insane 疯狂的

invaluable 无价的,非常珍贵的

illegitimate 违法的,私生的

illiterate未受教育的人,不和逻辑的

inter-=between,among

intercept=between+catch中途拦截,截获interlude=between+to play间奏曲,中间interstellar=between+star星际的

intra-,intro-=within,inward(与extra-相反)intraparty 党内的

intravenous静脉内的,静脉注射的

introspect 内省

introvert使内向,使内省

iso-=equal

isochronal同一时间的,等时性

isotherm等温线

isotope同位素

macro-=large, long macrocosm=large + universe 大宇宙,总体macroeconomics 总体经济学,宏观经济学

macrometeorology大气象学

macroscopic= large+ scop (to look)+ic (al) 肉眼可见的

mal(e)-=badly,ill (与bene相反)

maladjustment调节不善,适应不应

maladminstration经营不善,恶政

malediction= badly + to speak 诅咒,诽谤

malformation奇形怪状,畸形

malignant= bad+ to produce恶性的(benigant良性的)malnourished营养失调的

mege= large, million megadeath百万人的死亡

megalopolitan大都市的

megaphone扩音器的,传声筒

megaton 一百万吨,megavolt 百万伏特,megawatt百万瓦特meta-=among, with, after( 一般表示变化,主要用在科学用语中) metabolism= after+ to throw+ ism 新城代谢

metagenesis世代交替

metaphor隐喻

metaphysical形而上学,非物质的

metonymy 换喻

micro-=small microbiology 微生物学

microeconomics 具体经济学,微观经济学

microscope显微镜

microwave微波

milli-=thousand, thousandth

milligram毫克

millimeter毫米

mis-=wrong, bad, ill

misadvise 给予错与的劝告

misapply 误用

misapprehend误解,想错

misarrange 排列错误

misconduct 行为不检

mono-=single, sole, alone

monochrome= single+ color 单色画,单色的

monocracy= alone + rule独裁政治

monogamy= alone+ marriage 一夫一妻制(polygamy 一夫多妻制)monolingual=single+ language 只用一种语言的

monotheism= single + god 一神论

monotonous= single+ tone+ ous-单调的,无变化的

multi-=many, much

multiform 各种形式的,多种的

multilingual 使用多种语言的

multiply 增加,繁殖,乘

multipurpose 多目标的,用途广大的

ne-= negative= not

nescience 无知,不可知论

naught= nought= nothing

nay=no

null= not any

neo-=new

neoclassicism 新古典主义

neofascism新法西斯主义

neoimpressionism 新印象主义

non-= not

nonaggression 不侵略,不侵犯

noncombustible= not+ together+ to burn+ ible不容易燃烧的nonconformity 不顺从,不一致

noncooperation 不合作

nonpartism无党派的,客观的,无偏袒

nonverbal 不使用文字的,非语文的

omni-表示“全部,到处”

omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscience

ob-= as, towards, at, before, upon, over, about, near, against obfuscate= over + to darken 使暗,使困惑

obituary= near + to go+ uary形容词词尾讣告,死亡的

object= towards, against+ to throw 反对,拒绝;物体,目标,对象obstacle= over, against+ to stand+ cle名词词尾障碍物

obtain= near, close to+ to hold 在身边

occupy= at+ to seize 占有,占领

octa-, octo-=eight, eighth

octagon=eight+ angle 八角形

octahedron= eight+ side 八面体

octopus= eight+ foot 章鱼

octuple= eight+ to fold八倍

omni-= all

omnibus 公共汽车

omnicompetent=all+ competent 能干的有全权的

omniscient= all + knowing 无所不知的

omnivorous= all+ to eat+ ous杂食的

out-= out, beyond

outdo 凌驾,胜过

outgrow 生长速度超过的

outlaw 被放逐的

outrival 胜过

over-= above, across, beyond

overact 动作过度

overbridge天桥,路桥

overcome 击败,压倒

overcrust以外皮或外壳包裹的

overhaul 彻底检查,分解检查

pan-(to) = all

panacea= all+ cure, remedy 万灵药

pan-American全美洲的

panorama 全景,全图

pantheism 泛神论

para-= beside, beyond, against, contrary

parachute= against+ fall 降落伞

parasol= against+ sun 阳伞

palsy= para- (beside) + lsy (to loosen) 使麻痹

pen-= almost

peninsula= almost + island 半岛

penultimate= almost+ last 倒数第二的

penumbra = almost + shadow 半影部

penta-= five

pentagon= five + angle 五角形

pentarchy= five+ rule 五头政治,五国联盟

per-= through, thoroughly, away

perform= thoroughly+ form( to furnish) 实行,供给

perfunctory= away+ to perform+ ory敷衍的,表面的,草率的permanent= through+ to remain+ ent永久的,不变的,耐久的,常设的perpendicular = through+ to weigh+ lar垂直的,直立的

persecute= continually+ to follow 迫害,困惑,烦恼

persevere= through+ properly to make to stand 固执,持久

peri-= around, round about

pericardium= around+ card(heart)+ -ium心包,心囊

perimeter= around+ to measure 周围,周长,周边

periphrase = round+ to speak 拐弯抹角地说

poly-= many

polycentric= many+ center 多中心的,多元的

polygamy= many+ marriage 一夫多妻

polygon=many+ angle 多角的

polytheism= many+ god+ ism多神论

post-=after, behind

postdate= 把日期填迟

posterity 子孙,后裔

postscript= after+ to write (p.s.) 附笔,后记

pre-= before

precaution 预防

preface= before+ to speak 作序,写前言,开始

preliminary= before+ threshold 门槛初步,开端

prescribe= before+ to write 规定,开药方

pro-= for, before, forth, forward

proceed= before+ to go 继续进行,开始

procure= for, in behalf of+ cure( to take care of) 取得,获得,说服prominent= forth+ to jut 突出+ent突出的,显著的

pseudo-= false

pseudocarp= false+ fruit 假果

pseudoclassicism= 伪古典主意

pseudonym= false+ name 假名,笔名

pseudoscience= 假科学

quadr(i)-= four

quadrilingual=four+ language 四国语言的

quadruple= four time+ to fold 四倍的

quasi-= partly

quasi-contract 准契约

quasi-judicial 准司法性的

quasi-official 半官方的

re-= again, back

reconcile= again+ concile使和谐和解,复交,调停

reiterate= again+ to repeat 反复地说或做,重述

remorse= again+ to bite 悔恨,懊悔

retract= back+ to draw 缩回,放回,撤回

retrieve= again+ to find 取回,恢复,更正

revive= again+ to live 苏醒,复活

revoke= back+ to call 取消,废止,宣告无效

retro-= backward

retroact=backward+ to act 反动,反作用

retroflex= backward+ to bend 反曲的,翻转的

retrograde= backward+ to go 后退,倒退,退化,退步retrospect= backward+ to look 回顾

se-=away, apart

secede= apart+ to go 脱离,退出

seclude= apart+ to shut 隔离,使隐居

secrete= apart+ to separate 分泌

semi-=half

semiannual 半年的

semicolon 分号

semiconscious 半意识的

semifinal 半决赛

semitropical 亚热带的

sept-= seven

september九月(是罗马日历的七月)

septilateral= seven+ later( side) 七边的

sepbrother异父异母的兄弟

stepmother, stepfather

sub-= under

subconscious= under+ aware 潜意识的

subdivide= under+ to divide 再分,细分

submarine= under+ marine( sea) 海下面的,潜水艇,水手

submerge= under+ to dip 淹没,埋伏

subscribe= under+ to write 签名,签署,捐助

substitute= under+ to place 代替,取代,替换

super-= above, over

superabundant= above+ abundant 充足的= 过多的,过剩的,多余的superficial= above+ fici( face )= 表面的,表皮的,肤浅的

superior 较好的,优秀的,占优势的

supernatural 超自然的,不可思议的

surpass= to pass over 凌驾,超越,胜过

syn-= with, together

synchronism= together+chron(time)+ -ism= 同时发生的,并发syndrome= together+ drome (to run) = 综合症状,习性

synonym=together+ name= 同义词

synthesis= together+ putting= 综合,合成

symbiosis= together+ life+ sis 共同,共存

sympathy= together+ feeling 同感,共鸣,同情,怜悯

symphony= together+ sound= 交响乐

tele-= far off

telecommunication=far off+ together+ to make= 远距离通讯

telegram= far off+ writing= 电报

telepathy=far off+ feeling= 心心相传

trans-=beyond, across, over

transaction= across+ to drive+ ion 办理,处理,交易

transfer= across+ to carry 调职,移动,让渡

transform 变形,变质

transparent= through+ to appeal 透明的,明白的

traitor= across+ to give+ or = 卖国贼

tranquil= beyond+ quil(rest) 平静的,安静的

tri-= three, threefold

triangle= three+ angle 三角形

tricar三轮汽车

trichord= three+ string 三弦乐器

trigonometry= three+ angle+ measure 三角学

triunity=three+ unity(一体)= 三位一体

twi-= two

twice 二度,二回,二倍

twist卷缠,合股线,编织

ultra 极端的,过度的

ultramodern 极现代化的

ultrared红外线的

ultrasonic= beyond+ sound 超音波的

un-= no

unambiguous= not+ ambiguous 含糊的= 明白的unattainable= not+ attainable 可到达的=难达到的

un-= the reversal of an action

unarm= 卸除武器,放下武器

unburden= 解除负担,使轻松

unbutton 解开纽扣

unearth 挖掘,掘出,揭发

unveil 取下面纱,揭露

under-= beneath

underage未成年的

underdeveloped 发展不全的,低度开发的underestimate 评价过低的

undermine在下面挖掘,破坏基础,在暗中损坏

uni-=one

unique唯一的

unite 单元,联合

universal 宇宙的,全体的

unanimous= one+ mind+-ous意见一致的,全体一致的up-=up, aloft

uphold举起,支持,鼓励

upright正直的,诚实的

uprise升起,站起

upsurge 上升,向上涌

vice-=in place of 副的

vice-chancellor 大学副校长

vice- minister 副部长

vice-president 副总统

with-=against, back

withdraw= to draw back 取回,撤回

withhold= to hold back 抑制,拒绝

withstand= to stand against 抵抗,对抗

后缀:

1, -ability 表名词,“能,性质”

possibility

2, -able 表形容词,“可…的”

believable

3, -aceous, -acious表形容词,“有…特征的”delicious

4, -acity表名词, “有…倾向”

capacity

5, -acy表名词, “性质, 状态”

privacy

6, -age 表名词, “状态, 总称”, “场所”, “费用”percentage, village, cottage, postage

7, -ain表名词“人”

captain

8, -aire表名词“人”

millionaire

9, -al 表形容词“…的”

personal, continental, rural

10, -ality表名词“状态,性质”

personality, nationality

11, -ally 表副词“…地”

dramatically

12, -an 表名词和形容词“人”

American, Roman

13, -ance, ence表名词, “性质,状况”

difference

14, -ancy表名词“性质, 状况”

vacancy, redundancy

15, -ant, -ent表形容词“…的”

distant, different

16, -ar表形容词“…的”

familiar

表名词, “人”

liar, beggar

17, -ard表名词, “不好的人”

bastard, coward, laggard

18, -arian表名词, “…的人”

vegetarian,

19, -ary表形容词, “…的”imaginary, elementary 20, -ate 表动词, “做, 造成”

graduate, frustrate

21, -atic表形容词, “有…性质”

diplomatic

22, -ation表名词“行为, 过程, 结果”election, production

23, -ative表形容词“有…倾向”active

24, -ator表名词, “做事的人或物”dictator, generator

25, -atory表形容词, “有…性质”explanatory

26, -cy 表名词“性质, 状态”privacy

27, -dom表名词“状态”

freedom

28, -ee表名词“被动的或主动的人”employee, examinee

29, -eer表名词“人员”

engineer

30, -el 表名词“人或物”

novel, channel

31, -en 表动词“变成”

shorten, darken

32, -ency表名词“状态,性质”efficiency

33, -ent表形容词, “…的”excellent

表名词“人”

student, resident

34, -eous表形容词, “有…的”courteous,

35, -er表名词“人”

mutter, chatter, waver

36, -ern表形容词, “…方向的”eastern, western, southern

37, -ery表名词“场所”, “行为”nursery, rosery, robbery, bravery

38, -esque表形容词“如…的”picturesque

39, -ess表名词“女性”

poetess, goddess, actress

40, -et, -let 表名词, “小东西”circlet, booklet

41, -etic 表形容词, “属于…的”theoretic, energetic

42, -ette表名词, “小的东西或状态”kitchenette

43, -ety表名词“状态”

anxiety

44, -eur表名词“…人”

amateur, entrepreneur

45, -faction 表名词“达到的状态”

satisfaction

46, -fold 表形容词或副词“双重”

threefold

47, -form 表形容词, “有…状态的”

uniform

48, -ful表形容词, “有…的”

beautiful, wonderful

表名词“满, 量”

handful, spoonful

49, -hood 表名词, “时期, 性质”

childhood, boyhood

50, -ial表形容词“有…的”

judicial, beneficial

51, -ian表名词“某种人”

historian, librarian

52, -ibility表名词“具备…性质的”

sensibility, possibility

53, -ible表形容词“能…的”

possible, credible

54, -ic表形容词, “…的”

scientific, fantastic

55, -ics表名词, “学科, 学术”

physics, mathematics

56, -id 表形容词, “如…的”

valid, humid

57, -ific表形容词, “产生…的”

scientific, terrific

58, -ify表动词, “…化”

purify, clarify

59, -ile表示形容词“…的”

juvenile, fertile

表示名词“物体”

missile

60, -ine表形容词, “…的”, 表名词“状态, 药物”elephantine, discipline, routine

61, -ing表名词, “状态”

feeling, learning

表形容词“正…的”

62, -ion, -tion, -sion表名词“动作或状态”

production, union, decision

63, -ior, “较…的”

superior, junior

64, -ious“…的”

curious, spacious

65, -ise , -ize表动词“…化”

memorize, advertise

66, -ish表形容词“像…一样”

foolish, selfish

表动词“造成”

67, -ism 表名词“…主义, 宗教”

socialism, capitalism

表示”学术或学术流派”

modernism

68, -ist表名词“表示信仰者, 专家或从事人”

communist

69, -istic表形容词, 由ist+ic构成, 表示“…的”

artistic

70, -ite表形容词, “有…的”

polite,

71, ition表名词, “行为过程, 状态”

definition,

72, -itude表名词, “性质, 状态”

attitude,

73, -ity表名词, 指具备某种性质

probability

74, -ive表形容词, 根据不同的单词结尾可分-sive, ative, ive, itive passive, active,

表名词, “人或物”

detective, locomotive

75, -ization表名词, 来自-ize+ation

“…化或发展过程”

modernization, organization

76, -less 表形容词, “无…的”

helpless, careless

77, -like 表形容词, “像…一样”

dreamlike, childlike

78, -ling 表名词, “小东西或某种人”

duckling, gosling, darling

headmost, outmost

79, -ly表形容词, 通常加在名词后

timely, lively, friendly

表副词, 通常放在形容词后

greatly, briefly, mainly

80, -ment表名词, “行为或结果”

movement, agreement

81, -most 表形容词, “最…的”

82, -ness 表名词, “性质, 状态”

kindness, business的”

83, -ory表形容词“…的”

introductory,

表名词, 指场所

factory, dormitory

84, -ous表形容词, “…的”

dangerous, lustrous

85, -proof 表形容词, “防…的”

waterproof, rainproof

86, -ress表名词“指女性”

actress, waitress,

87, -ship 表名词, “表示某种关系或状态”

friendship, hardship

88, -some 表形容词, “充满…的, 具有…倾向的”

handsome,

89, -th表名词, 通常指抽象名词

warmth, growth, strengthsinger, leader, writer

表动词“反复做”

90, -ture表名词, “一般状态, 行为”

miniature, conjecture, denture, mixture

91, -ward 表形容词, 副词, “向…”

downward, upward, northward

92, -wise 表副词, “方向, 状态”

clockwise, likewise

93, -y 表形容词,

rainy, windy

词根

–audi-, -audit- hear auditorium, auditor

-chron-, time chronology, chronological -dic-, -dict- say, speak dictator, dictation

-graph-, -gram- write, writing telegraph, telegram

-log-, ology- speech, word, study biology

-phon- sound telephone

-scrib-, -script- write describe, script

-spect- look at inspect, spectator

-vid-, -vis- see video, vision

–ced- go, move, yield precede

-duc- lead introduce

-flect- bend reflect, flexible

-mit-, -miss- send remit, missionary

-pon-, -pos- put, place postpone, position

-port- carry portable

-sequ-, -secut- follow consequence, consecutive

-spir- breathe inspiration, conspiracy

-tele- far telegraph, telephone

-ven-, -vene- come convene, convention

-voc-, -vok- call vocal, revoke

–anthro-, -anthropo- human anthropology

-arch- first, chief, leader monarch, archbishop

-fact-, -fect- make, do affect, benefactor

-gam- marriage monogamy, polygamous

-hetero- different, other heterosexual, heterogeneous -home- same homogenized milk

-man-, -manu- hand manually, manage

-morph- form, structure polymorphous

-onym-, -nomen- name synonym, nomenclature

-pathy- feeling, disease sympathy, telepathy

-theo-, -the- god theology, polytheism

–aster-, -astro-, -stellar- star astronomy, stellar

-auto- self automobile, automatic -bio- life biology

-cycle- circle bicycle, cycle

-mega- great, large megaton, megalopolis

-mort- death mortal, immortality

-phil- love philosophy

-polis- city metropolis

-psych- mind psychology

-soph- wise philosophy, sophomore

–capit- head, chief captain, cap, decapitate

-corp- body corporation, incorporate

-derm- skin epidermis, dermatology

-geo- earth geology, geography

-hydr-, -hydro- water hydrogen, hydrology

-ortho- straight, correct orthodox, orthography

-pod-, -ped- foot podiatrist, pedestrian

-son- sound sound , sonic

-therm-, -thermo- heat thermal, hypothermia

-ver- true verity, veritable

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