初中英语语法专题复习精编

初一英语时态专题复习

一、一般现在时：

（1、现在的状态。2、经常或习惯性动作。3、主语所具备的性格和能力。4、真理。）

1、标志：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）,

on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）

2、结构：

（1）主语+be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括There be +n.）

练习：

1.I______(be) a student. My name_____(be) Tom.

2. Where _____(be) my shoes? They___(be) here.

3.Who ____(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she ___(be) Kate.

4. Y ou and I ___(not be) in Class Six.

5.___(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Y es, there_____(be).

6. ____ her parent tall? No, he____.

（2）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）（3）主语（第三人称单数）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用does 构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式①- s ②辅音+y: study-studies ③以s,x,ch,sh结尾watch-watches

teach-teaches

④特殊have-has do-does go-goes

肯定句1) My brother _________(do) homework every day.

否定句2)My brother________(not do)homework every day.

一般疑问句3)______ your brother _____ homework every day? Y es, he______. No, he _________.

特殊疑问句4)When _____ your brother ____(do) homework?

二．现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。

1、标志: now（现在）listen（看）look（听）

2、结构:主语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(doing)

现在分词的构成：①-ing: eat-eating ②辅音字母+e: take-taking

③sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning, run-running, swim-swimming, stop-stopping, get-getting,

shop-shopping（双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing.）

练习：1. Jim __________________(take) photos in the park now.

2. Jim_________(not take) in the park now.

3. _______________Jim____________(take) photos in the park now? Y es, he _____. No, he _______.

4. Where _________Jim ____________ photos now? In the park.

三、情态动词：

1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形

2、主语+ can’t/may not/ mustn’t+动词原形

3、Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？

4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？

四、非谓语动词（是固定搭配）

1. like+ to do不定式/doing动名词

2.want to do sth.

3. love to do

4. would like to do sth.

5. enjoy doing sth.

6. thanks for doing

7. stop doing sth

8. let sb. do sth.

She wants _____(have) a party. Does he like _______(swim)?

Thanks for _______(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops ____(talk).

五．祈使句：

Go straight and turn left/ right. Go through Fifth Avenue. Take a taxi（Take a bus，Take a walk……）六．综合练习：

1.Mr Green _____(be) a worker. Now he ____(work) in the field.

2.Listen! Who_______(sing)?

3.What time ____ your brother usually _____(do) his homework?

4.Y ou can_______(come) here by bus.

5. Who ____(have) a ruler?

6.Are they_____(clean) the room?

7.-____ you____(eat) dinner? – Y es, we are.

8.Jack ____(have) a soccer ball, but he ____(not have) a basketball.

9._______Jim _______(like)______(run)?

10.They _____(be) from Canada. They______(not speak) Chinese.

11. He wants _________________(be) tall.

1.我们正在吃晚餐。2、我们每天6点起床。

We __________________________. W e __________________ at six every day.

3．你们在聊天吗？是的。4、他们常常聊天吗？不是。

_______ they _______? Y es, they _____. ______ they often ______ ? No, they ________.

5、他在做什么？他在做作业。

6、他晚上常干什么？他常做作业。

What ____he ___? He_______. What ___he usually ___ in the evening? He usually______.

答案：1.are having dinner 2. get up 3. Are , talking , are 4. Do , talk, don’t

5. is doing, is doing homework

6. does, do, does , homework

七．人称代词：我你他她它我们你们他/她/它们主格：I you he she it we you they

宾格：me you him her it us you them

形容词性物主代词：我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的my your his her its our your their

练习：1.________(我) am a worker. _________(你) are a doctor. ______(她) is a teacher.

2.This is (他的) shirt.

3. This is __________(我的)pen.

4._________(他们的) trousers are there.

5. I like this picture. Please give ________(它) to ________(我).

6. People get ________(他们的) money from _________(我).

7._____(他们) are new students. _____(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily.

8. These are _____(我们的) shoes. Can ____(我们) wear ______(它们).

9．Thank _______ for _______(你的) help.

10. _______(他) loves _______（她）, and _______(她) loves _______（他）,too.

_______(我) love _________（你）, and ________(你) love _______（我），too.

八，There be句型

句型转换

1)There is a bank on the street.

否定句：There _______a bank on the street.

一般疑问句：_______ ______ a bank on the street?

就划线部分提问：_______ ________ on the street?

2)将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并就划线部分提问。

1. We are eating lunch. W e eat lunch at noon.

2．He is swimming at a pool. He swims at the pool every day.

3.Jim and Tony are playing basketball at school. Jim and Tony play basketball on Sundays.

4.Sandra is running. Sandra likes running

现在进行时态与一般现在时态及动词的用法练习

答案

I 1.goes 2.eating3.gets 4.lives/ is living 5.are lying 6.is singing 7.is eating

8.don’t do 9. doing 10.is writing 11.is doing 12.talks 13.watching/ to watch

14.playing 15.talking 16.are/ are taking /are lying playing 17.helping

18.to have 19.singing 20.shopping 21.to be 22.go play 23.go 24.be

25.are doing /am studying 26.Does get 27.raining 28.snowy 29.visit 30.telling

II CBBCC/ DBDDC/ ABCCC/ CBCBB/ AA

III 1.aren’t 2.can’t 3.don’t have 4.What are doing 5.Where are

6.isn’t

7.Is helping 8 Can stay 9.What does do 10.Why do you

初中英语语法列表—动词精选练习题

1.Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?

A. lay

B. lain

C. laying

D. lying

2. －What do you think of the book?

－Oh, excellent. It’s worth ______ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being reading

3. Go on _______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A. to do

B. doing

C. with

D. to be doing

4. There was a terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

5. If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.

A. have

B. will have

C. has

D. shall has

6. When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.

A. will rise

B. shall rise

C. should rise

D. would rise

7. In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

A. has made

B. have made

C. had made

D. having made

8. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.

A. don’t/had

B. didn’t/have

C. didn’t/had

D. don’t/have

9. Mary is very late, she ______.

A. may miss her train

B. may have missed her train

C. must miss her train

D. could miss her train

10. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

11.―What did you do in the garden?‖

“I watched my father ______ his motorb ike.‖

A. to repair

B. repaired

C. repairing

D. repairs

12. I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.

A. to smoke…smoking

B. smoking…to smoke

C. to smoke…to smoke

D. smoking…smoking

13. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

14. European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making

B. make

C. made

D. to make

15. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing

16. He was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.

A. might

B. succeeded to

C. would

D. was able to

17. I hoped ______ my letter.

A. her to answer

B. that she would answer

C. that she answers

D. her answering

18. The dictionary _____ me fifty dollars.

A. spent

B. paid

C. cost

D. costed

19. －I’m sorry for _______ in time.

—That’s all right.

A. getting it not done

B. not getting it done

C. getting not it done

D. getting not to do it

20. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

答案及部分解析

1. D lying是lie的现在分词，在句中作后置定语。

2. C “It is worth doing”是固定结构，意思是“干……是值得的”。

3. A A项表示继续做与原来不同的事，B和C均表示继续做与原来相同的事。

4. B 句中的have是使役动词，故”have sth. done”是常用结构，意思是“让别人去干某事”，或“某人让别人去干”。

5－9 BDACB

10. A 分词短语作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句：Most of the artists who were invited to the party were from South Africa.

11－12 CD

13. A 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。该分词的逻辑主语是the trees，与动词give含有动宾关系，因而用过去分词given表示被动，Give more attention这个条件状语相当于状语从句If they had been given more attention。

14. A making是现在分词用作状语，表示伴随情况或做补充说明。B和C属语法错误。D项是不定式，可作目的状语，但目的状语前通常不能用逗号。

15. C 本题考查分词作定语的用法。The Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系，所以应首先排除A和D。而B项是不定式的被动形式，表示将来的动作，故也应排除。此句可理解为：The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.

16－19 DBCB

20. A 需要重复不定式的内容时，要把to后面的动词及其宾语省略掉。又如：Mary wanted to use my bike, but

I asked her not to.

Ⅰ.听力（25分）（略）

Ⅱ.基础知识（35分）

A.根据句意和首字母提示填空（5分）

1.We can do the work better with fewer people and l money.

答案：less

2.The temperature will f below zero in the night.

答案：fall

3.This is a s problem. We must solve it.

答案：serious

4.There are at l three thousand students in our school.

答案：least

5.My skirt is out of s .I’ d better go to buy a new one.

答案：style

B.用所给词的适当形式填空（5分）

1.Students must answer the teacher’ s question ______(loud) in the class.

答案：loud

2.People can’ t live ______(with) water.

答案：without

3.My father told me to go to change my ______(hair).

答案：haircut

4.These clothes in the shop are original and ______(color).

答案：colorful

5.I don’ t like wearing the same clothes as others’ .I should get a ______(difference) one. 答案：different

C.单项选择（15分）

1.Are you going to ______ any classes on Saturday?

A.be

B.listen

C.study

D.have

答案：D

2.There were ______ friends of mine in the room. So I left.

A.less

B.little

C.few

D.a few

答案：C

3.The weather in New Y ork is colder than ______ in Shanghai in winter.

A.it

B./

C.that

D.weather

答案：C

4.Farmers don’ t use animals to do farm work ______.

A.no more

B.much more

C.any more

D.no longer

答案：C

5.Nari had an ______ with his best friend. He didn’ t know what to do.

A.argument

B.argue

C.argued

D.arguing

答案：A

6.My clothes are not fashionable. That makes me not ______.

A.cold

B.cool

C.original

D.surprise

答案：C

7.Can you tell me ______?Perhaps I can help you.

A.what’ s the matter

B.what’ s the wrong

C.what the matter is

D.what about you

答案：C

8.The “Teen Talk”has a lot of ______.

A.kids

B.players

C.listeners

D.workers

答案：C

9.Y our Putonghua is too bad.Y ou ______ a tutor to teach you.

A.get

B.must get

C.should get

D.getting

答案：C

10.Y ou didn’ t feel well.Y ou ______ stay in bed and have a rest.

A.should

B.will

C.would

D.shall

答案：A

11.Mary,please show ______ your picture.

A.my

B.mine

C.I

D.me

答案：D

12.Some girls of our class enjoy ______ music.

A.listen to

B.listens to

C.listening to

D.listened to 答案：C

13.My clothes are not in style.That makes me ______.

A.happy

B.unhappy

C.look cool

D.feel cold

答案：B

14.—What’ s wrong?

—I argued with my mother this morning.

—______

A. That’ s nothing!

B. Great!

C. Say sorry to her tonight.

D. Let’ s play soccer.

答案：C

15.—Let’ s join the summer camp.

—Okay idea. It sounds ______.

A.OK

B. interesting

C. boring

D. bad

答案：B

D.对答如流。你怎样回答你所听到的下列问题，请对号入座（10分）

1.Which one do you like? A.I’ m looking for my son.

答案：F

2.Y ou look worried.What’ s the matter? B.Y ou’ re welcome.

答案：A

3.What should I do? C.On September 2nd.

答案：E

4.Thank you very much. D.Three.

答案：B

5.How many classes do you have in the morning? E.Y ou should write an e-mail to him.

答案：D

6.What does he do? F.The yellow one.

答案：I

7.What’ s the weather like today? G.V ery nice.

答案：J

8.It’ s heavy.Can you come to help me? H.Y es,I’ d love to.

答案：H

9.How do you think of your new teacher? I.A worker,I think.

答案：G

10.When will Mr Yang come to Beihai? J.A sunny day.

答案：C

Ⅲ.完形填空（10分）

One of Paul’ s feet is bigger than the 1 .He can’ t find the right shoes 2 his feet. His friend Nick told 3 ,“Why do you 4 to a shoemaker? A good 5 can make you the right shoes.”So Paul goes to the shoemaker near his 6 .V ery soon the shoemaker 7 him a pair of shoes. Paul 8 the shoes and he is not happy. He says to the shoemaker,“Y ou are not a

9 shoemaker!I want you to make one shoe 10 than the other.”

1.A.other B.hand C.friend D.back

答案：A

2.A.on B.in C.for D.at

答案：C

3.A.he B.himself C.his D.him

答案：D

4.A.ask B.talk C.find D.go

答案：D

5.A.shoemaker B.shoe seller C.man D.salesman

答案：A

6.A.friend B.parents C.home D.school

答案：C

7.A.make B.makes C.made D.does

答案：B

8.A.puts away B.looks at C.gets out D.takes off

答案：B

9.A.good B.careful C.busy D.free

答案：A

10.A.louder B.nicer C.bigger D.shouter

答案：C

Ⅳ.阅读理解（20分）

Soccer is the world’ s favourite game. In America people call it football. Thirty-two national teams play in the World Cup every four years. The E.A. Cup is a very old English competition(比赛).Teams from 600 football clubs play in it. Big teams in this competition are Mancheste United, Liverpool, and Arsenal. They have fan clubs all over the world. Manchester United even has TV station called MUTV!

Football is an old game in Europe and South America. Countries like Brazil, Argentina, Italy and Germany are very good at it. In Asia, football is a new game but millions of people love it. Many exciting Asian football players are leaving home and playing for clubs in Europe. At the same time, many Europeans are playing in Asia.

A.阅读短文，判断正（T）误（F）（10分）

1.Football is the world’ s favourite game.

答案：T

2.The World Cup is a very big cup in the world.

答案：F

3.There are 600 football clubs playing in the E.A. Cup.

答案：T

4.The football fans are all over the world.

答案：T

5.Football is an old game in Asia.

答案：F

B.阅读短文，选择正确答案（10分）

1.Soccer is called ______.

A.volleyball

B.basketball

C.tennis

D.football

答案：D

2.______ national teams play in the World Cup.

A.32

B.22

C.12

D.42

答案：A

3.The E.A.Cup is a very old ______ competition.

A. American

B. England

C. Asian

D. English

答案：D

4.MUTV is a TV station of ______.

A. a big team

B. Manchester United

C. Liverpool

D. Arsenal

答案：B

5.There are many exciting Asian football players in ______.

A. Manchester United

B. America

C. the World Cup

D. Europe

答案：D

Ⅴ.写作训练（10分）

请你谈谈在本学期有何打算或计划，就此写一篇短文，题目自拟，词数80左右。

This term I should study harder. I am good at math, physics and science lessons. My English is not good. I

think I should learn from my friend Nari. His English is good. Perhaps he would like to help me. Teacher said, my compositions were not good. So I should read more useful books after class. I believe I will do well in English. On the other way, I should do more exercise, this will make me strong. I like playing ball games. After class I should make more friends, because the more we are together, the happier we are.

初三系列复习资料（10）定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练

十、定语从句

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1．定语从句的功用和结构

2．关系代词和关系副词的功用

3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called ―The Great Escape‖.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时

为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

【中考范例】

1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)

---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Y es, he does.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

2. (2004年常州市中考试题)

The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. that

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。

3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)

---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom

B. who

C. whose

D. which

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)

I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose

B. whom

C. which

D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

【满分演练】

一. 单项填空

1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he

B. that

C. whom

D. which

2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

A. who

B. which

C. they

D. where

3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. whom

4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

D. which

5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there

B. when

C. where

D. which

6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

A. that

B. which

C. why

D. when

7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. why

8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. on which

10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

A. who

B. that

C. whose

D. which

11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which

B. that

C. whose

D. where

13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. Y ou were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. Y ou gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

【练习答案】

一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B

二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.

3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.

4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.

5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.

6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.

7. The man who waved us was my uncle.

8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.

9. The subject I prefer is science.

10.The man I spoke to is a professor.

三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when

2005学年下学期八年级英语期末复习题

一、人称代词:要注意它们在句中是在主格位置还是宾格位置，来确定用什么格，并注意变化，反身代词对主语、宾语起着强调作用，名词性物主代词起着名词作用，它后面不要再加名词了。而形容词性的物主代词要修饰名词，句中没有被修饰的名词就应该用名词性的物主代词。

1. She is a student, _____ name is Julia.

A. its

B. her

C. hers

D. his

2. Could you help _____ with _______ English, please.

A. I, my

B. me, me

C. me, my

D. my, I

3. A friend of _____ came here yesterday.

A. my

B. his

C. him

D. himself

4. ______ pencil-box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ______.

A. Toms, my, he

B. Tom's, mine, his

C. Tom's, mine, him

D. Tom's, my, his

5. Most of ______like Chinese food.

A. they

B. Their

C. Them

D. theirs

6. Don't you let ____ help you ?

A. I and my friend

B. my friend and I

C. my friend and me

D. my friend and I to

7. How hard______ works!

A. we

B. him

C. he

D. his

8. ______ have been chosen.

A. I, you and he

B. He, you and I

C. You, he and I

D. You,and me

9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _______ .

A. I

B. me

C. my

D. mine .

10. That's not ______, it is_______. I made it ______ .

A. ours, mine, myself

B. your, mine, myself

C. yours, her, myself

D. yours, my, myself

11. We bought _____ English-Chinese dictionaries.

A. us

B. ours

C. ourselves

D. to us

12. Most people think ______ are winning SARS.

A. ours

B. ourselves

C. we

D. us

二.名词:在名词中要注意的是名词的可数与不可数，单、复数形式及所有格问题。常用的不可数名词：milk, , meat, fruit, food, paper, weather；单复数一致：sheep, fish(做鱼肉讲时,不可数), Chinese, Japanese；本身就是复数形式：people

1. There are some ________ on the hill.

A. sheeps

B. a sheep

C. sheep

D. sheepes

2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.

A. some good information

B. some good informations

C. good informations

D. a good information

3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.

A. child

B. childrens'

C. children

D. children's

4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________ .

A. pair

B. one

C. ones

D. trousers

5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.

A. students

B. students

C. student's

D. students'

6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .

A. forty minutes's walk

B. forty minute's walk

C. forty minutes walk

D. forty minutes' walk

7. How many _____ are there in your class ?

A. Japanese

B. American

C. Australian

D. Canadian

8. I found my black cat in_____ room.

A. Jim and Mike

B. Jim and Mike's

C. Jim's and Mike's

D. Jim's and Mike

9. How much are the _____ ?

A. bread

B. meats.

C. potatos

D. tomatoes

10. There are many ______ in our school.

A. woman teachers

B. woman's teachers

C. women teachers

D. women's teachers

11. Three months ________ a long time for me.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

12. There are ______ and ______ on the table.

A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges

B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange

C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange

D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges

三.形容词和副词的级：在形容词和副词的级中要掌握比较级和最高级和同级比较的用法：比较级中的关键词是than，在最高级中"in……, of……"表示比较的范围；同级比较有"as…as, (not so…as)"；修饰比较级的词常用的有：a little, much, even, still, far等。

1. I think English is as ____ as math.

A. important

B. importanter

C. more important

D. most important

2. Which subject do you like ____ , math, Chinese or English ?

A. better

B. best

C. well

D. very much

3. Beijing is one of _____ cities in China.

A. large

B. larger

C. the largest

D. largest

4. Lucy is ___ of all.

A. young

B. younger

C. youngest

D. the youngest

5. Of all the students in our class. Betty writes _____ .

A. very carefully

B. most carefully

C. more carefully

D. the most careful

6. Can you do the work with _____ money and _____ people?

A. less, fewer

B. fewer, less

C. little, less

D. lest, fewest

7. Chinese is the language spoken by the __________ number of the people in the world, but it's not as _________ as English.

A. largest; widely spoken

B. large; wide spoken

C. larger; widely speaking

D. largest; wide speaking

8. Kate has some apples. Jim has ___ apples than Kate. Meimei has _____ of all.

A. more, the most

B. the most, more

C. more, most

D. many, the more

9. Bob is ____ of the two boys. Mary is ____ of the three girls.

A. tall, short

B. taller, the shorter

C. tallest, the shortest

D. the taller, the shortest

10. This one is not good, that one is ____.

A. more bad

B. even worse

C. still worst

D. more badly

11. Let's go by car. It's _______.

A. cheap a lot

B. cheap much

C. more cheap

D. much cheaper

12. He drives much _____ than he did three years ago.

A. careful

B. carefully

C. more careful

D. more carefully

四.宾语从句：在宾语从句中要注意三个要素，连接词that, if(whether)和疑问词做连词。语序，必须是陈述句的语序。时态，主句是一般现在，从句可以是你所需要的任何时态；主句是过去时，从句也必须是相应的过去时态(一般过去，过去完成，过去进行，过去将来)，如果宾语从句是真理或永恒不变的事物，不改变时态。

1. Do you know _____ this time yesterday?

A. who are they waiting

B. who they are waiting for

C. who were they waiting

D. who they were waiting for

2. Could you tell us ____ ?

A. if your father does

B. what does your father do

C . your father does what D. what your father does

3. Can you tell me what ______ next Sunday?

A. will they do

B. they would do

C. would they do

D. they will do

4. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen was it

B. whose pen it was

C. whose pen it is

D. whose pen is it

5. Excuse me, could you tell me ______ ?

A. when can I get to the station

B. I can get to which station

C. which station I can get to

D. how I can get to the station

6. Can you tell meswheres______ ? .

A. is the post office

B. the post office is

C. does the post office

D. the post office does

7. Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday ? A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking

8. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.

A. would teach

B. had taught

C. will teach

D. taught

9. He told me that the sun ______ in the east.

A. rises

B. raises

C. rose

D. raised

10. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.

A. whether had I heard

B. whether I had heard

C . whether have I heard D. whether I have heard

11. This map will show you _______ .

A.where is the Summer Palace

B.where the Summer Palace is

C.where is the Summer Palace like

D. how the Summer Palace is like

12. My brother ________ to the ground while _______ his bicycle and hurt his leg.

A. falls; is he riding

B. fell; he was riding

C. falls; he is riding

D. felt; was he riding五.词语辨析：仔细审题，注意语境，了解习惯用语在不同环境下的表达方式

l. It ____ me two hours to get there by bus.

A. spent

B. took

C. used

D. paid

2. I ______ half an hour on my homework yesterday.

A. took

B. spend

C. used

D. spent

3. A recorder is often ______ in our English class.

A. used

B. spent

C. taken

D. use

4. I feel hungry. Please ______ me something to eat.

A. take

B. bring

C. carry

D. pull

5. It is raining. ______ the raincoat with you when you go out.

A. Bring

B. Take

C. Put

D. Took

6. The Young Pioneer ____ water for the old man every day.

A. carry

B. bring

C. takes

D. carries

7. I can ______ you my dictionary, but you can ______ it for only a week. .

A. borrow, return

B. lend, borrow

C. lend, keep

D. lend, return

8. Dr White can ______ French very well.

A. speak

B. talk

C. say

D. tell

9. The man doesn't know how to ______ this word in English.

A. speak

B. tell

C. talk

D. say

10. We'll go to ___a film instead of ______ a book in bed.

A. read; look

B.see; read

C.see;reading

D.watch;look at

11. Have they ______ in Beijing?

A. arrive

B. reached

C. got

D. arrived

12 . When we ______ to the railway station, the train had already left.

A. reached

B. got

C. arrived

D. get

13. I ______ the teacher, but I ______ nothing because I'm think about my trip.

A. heard; listened

B. listen to; hear

C. hear; listen

D. listened to; heard

14. I'm _________ in that ________ film

A. interesting; interested

B. interested; interesting

C. interested; interested

D. interesting; interesting

15. We were _______ when the _____football match was over.

A. exciting; excited

B. excited; exciting

C. exciting; exciting

D. excited; excited

16. I'd like to say this present doesn't ________ .

A. spend you much money

B. cost your money too much

C. take you too much money

D. have you paid too much

六.时态：要求掌握动词八种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时,一般将来时态，过去将来时)

1. - My parents have ever been to Canada.

- Really? When ________ there ?

A. have they been

B. will they go

C. had they been

D. did they go

2. -where________ ?

- He has left a(n) ________ saying that he has something important to do.

A. has Tom gone; message

B. has Tom been; note

C. will Tom go; word

D. did Tom go; excuse

3. ______the end of last term, they ______ 500 new words.

A. By; had learned

B. At; would

C. Since; learned

D. During; have learned

4. During the last _____ years he ______ me a lot of help.

A. a few; give

B. few; gave

C. few; has given

D. a few; would give

5. Her father told her he ___________.

A. will buy her a pen

B. is buying her a pen

C. bought her a pen

D. would buy her a pen

6. - Can I see the headmaster at the moment, please ?

- I'm afraid not. He _____ out. He ____ in 10 minutes.

A. goes; comes

B. gone; came

C. will go; will come

D. has gone; will come back

7. I'll go camping with you, if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be

B. shall be

C. am

D. was

8. Since last year I _______ her only twice.

A. have seen

B. saw

C. have saw

D. see

9. _________ to go to the super market every day ?

A. Are you like

B. Do you like

C. Won't you like

D. Have you like

10. Middle school students _________ not to smoke.

A. is always told

B. always tell

C. are always told

D. always told

11. He said his father _______ . His father ________ in 1985. He ______ for 19 years.

A. had died; died; has been dead

B. died; had died; had died

C. was died; died; had died

D. died; had dead; has been dead

12. The class ____ for ten minutes when I went to school ________.A. had begun; in a hurry B. had ended; hurry

C. had been on; in a hurrying

D. had been over; in a hurriedly

七.交际用语：掌握课本中常见的日常交际用语项目及在实际生活中的应用

1.―_____________ ?―Quit e well. Thank you.

A. What do you

B. What do you think of it

C. How are you getting on with your English

D. Are you good at or weak in English

2.―Are you feeling all right today ? ―Not really.

―_________ .

A. Oh, I see

B. It doesn't matter

C. You'd better be happy

D. I'm sorry to hear that

3.―Is Kate in, please ? I want to ______ her.

―Sorry, she is out. You'd better ______ her later.

A. see; find

B. speak to; call

C. visit; ring up

D. talk to; look for

4.―What do you think of the song ? ―_________ .

A. It sounds sweet

B. I like music very much

C. I don't know what it is about

D. It was a pleasure

5.―Can I get you a cup of tea ?―________ .

A. Thank for the tea

B. With pleasure

C. It tastes great

D. That's very nice of you

6.―How can I get to the nearest post office ?―__________ .

A. It's long way from here

B. Sorry, I'm new here

C. It's just twenty minutes' walk

D. Here it is

7.―Thank you for the delicious food.―____________________ .

A. I'm glad you enjoyed it

B. It doesn't matter

C. I don't think it's good

D. Don't say so

8. - Your dress is very beautiful.

- _________ I bought it yesterday.

A. Oh, no

B. Oh, really ?

C. Just so-so, I think

D. Thank you.

八.其它：注意掌握下面的这些词组、句型、非谓语动词和一些习惯表达方式，并注意题目中所给的语言环境。

1. Don't worry. They'll come to help us ________ .

A. in half an hour

B. in a half hour

C. after half an hour

D. after a half hour

2. English is used more widely than ________ .

A. any other languages

B. any language

C. every other languages

D. any other language

3. _______ foreigners come to visit this museum every day.

A. Several thousand

B. Several thousands

C. Several thousand of

D. Several thousands of

4. I don't like sports, but I like watching others _______ .

A. to play

B. play

C. while playing

D. when playing

5. Not only we but also mos before.

A. has never

B. has ever

C. have never

D. have ever

6. The temperature today is very good for a picnic, for it's ___too cold ___ too hot.

A. both; and

B. not; but

C. either; or

D. neither; nor

7. He read it again to me _______ I could understand.

A. so as

B. so that

C. or

D. but

8. The Great Green Wall will stop the ____ from _______ the earth away.

A. sand; moving

B. sand; blow

C. wind; move

D. wind; blowing

9. China ______ a lot in the ______ ten years.

A. was changed; first

B. changed; past

C. has changed; last

D. has changed; next

10.―________ do you still stay in the office for ?

―I have to finished ______ report.

A. Who; the written

B. Which; to write

C. What; writing

D. Why; written the

11. 4,208 _____ four thousand, two hundred and eight.

A. is read as

B. reads as

C. is said as

D. says as

12. Which is _______ country, France or Germany ?

A. a more developing

B. the more developed

C. a less developed

D. the less developing

13. You often read _______ English _______ Chinese aloud in the morning.

A. either; or

B. neither; or

C. both; or

D. only; but also

14. Sorry, you speak _______ quickly ______ I can't follow you.

A. too; to

B. so; that

C. as; to

D. very; so

15. This lesson is _______ difficult for us _________ .

A. so; to understand

B. too; to understand

C. very; to understand it

D. too much; to understand

16. Alice is very pleased ________ the present for her birthday.

A. with seeing

B. with looking

C. by looking at

D. to see

17. I don't think the tight suit ______ you. _______ it ?

A. is fit; do

B. fits; does

C. is fit for; don't

D. fits for; doesn't

18. He wanted to buy a blue shirt and _________ .

A. so did he

B. so he does

C. so he did

D. so does he

19. Does she feel like _________ on Sunday ?

A. go to shopping

B. going shopping

C. go to the shops

D. to go shopping

20. No one told us ________, so we need your help.

A. how to do it

B. what to do it

C. how should we do

D. what should we do

21. Don't forget _________ your dictionary here with you next time.

A. to get

B. to bring

C. taking

D. carrying

22. I don't think they will finish the work on time, ____________ ?

A. will he

B. won't he

C. does he

D. is he

23. Jane sings very well, and ________.

A. so did her sister

B. so does her sister

B. her sister does so D. so does her sisters

24. He stopped _______ with me, because there was a call for him.

A. talk

B. talks

C. talking

D. to talk

25. Let's go out for fun, __________ ?

A. will you

B. won't you

C. shall we

D. do we

26. How tall is the tree ? It's ___________ .

A. ten metres tall

B.ten metre tall

C.ten -metre -tall

D.ten -metres -tall

27. We'll have a _________ holiday, what about going to Huang Shan ?

A. seven days

B. seven day

C. seven-day

D. seven-days

28. I don't want the bananas. It smells ________ .

A. nice

B. good

C. terrible

D. badly

29. We'll eat some of the meat for lunch and keep _______ for supper.

A. the ones

B. the rest

C. the others

D. the few

30. - May I put on this skirt, Mum?- No, it has _______ . Nobody like it.

A. got off

B. broken down

C. gone out

D. give up

31. I will tell you how to get to the place, you'd better _________ it _________.

A. pick; up

B. take; down

C. look; up

D. listen; to

32. They all _______ me good luck when I leave for Shanghai.

A. hope

B. wish

C. want

D. like一、答案：1―6：BCBBCB 7―12：CCBAAC

二、答案：1―6：CADACD 7―12：ABDCAA

三、答案：1―6：ABCDBA 7―12：AADBDD

四、答案：1―6：DDDBDB 7―12：CAABBB

五、答案：1―8：CAABBDCA 9―16：DCDBBBBD

六、答案：1―6：DAACDD 7―12：CABCAC

七、答案：1―4：CDBA 5―8：DBAD

八、答案：1―5：ADABB 6―10：DBACC 11―15：ABABB 16―20：DBCDA

21―25：BABCC 26―32：ACCCBBB

八年级英语上册句型转换

句型转换题是中考常见题型，它主要用来考查大家对句子结构的构成、变化的掌握及在行文中的运用等，类型繁多。在句型转换中一定要注意时态，记清单词的搭配。现以近两年中考题为例，分类介绍如下：[第一类] 改成否定句

英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外，还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移、以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。

一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时，在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加not就行了。如：（划线部分为正确答案，下同。）

1. He was late for school yesterday. （2005黑龙江省泰州市）

He wasn’t late for school yesterday.

2. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already. （2004新疆）

The students of No.2 Middle School haven’t gone for a picnic yet.

二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前加don’t。如：

3. Open the window. （2005江苏省）

Don’t open the window.

三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等。如：

4. She does the housework every day. （2005黑龙江省哈尔滨市）

She doesn’t do the housework every day.

5. He returned the book to the library this morning. （2004重庆市）

He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.

注意：变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化，如some改为any, something改为anything, already改为yet, both 改为neither, all改为none等。又如：

6. Both of them are my best friends. （2004甘肃省兰州市）

Neither of them is my best friend.

[第二类] 改为疑问句

可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一、变一般疑问句时，含有连系动词、情态动词的句子，只需将它们移至句首，第一个字母变为大写，句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子，在实义动词前加do, does, did等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如：

7. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.（2005贵州省贵阳市）

Is there anything to eat in the cupboard？

8. Kate does morning exercises every day. （2004山东省济南市）

Does Kate do morning exercises every day？

9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. （2005四川省成都市）

Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday？

二、变选择疑问句时，如果该句是一般疑问句，则在后面直接加“or＋另一选择部分”就行了；若是陈述句，则要先变成一般疑问句。如：

10. John is an American. （用a Canadian改为选择疑问句）（2004新疆）

Is John an American or a Canadian？

三、变反意疑问句时，要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”，还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如：

11. She has hardly had anything this morning, has she？（2005山东省泰安市）

12. Y ou will meet your friends at the railway station, won’t you？（2004重庆）

13. She had nothing for breakfast, did she？（2005青海）

14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, was there？（2004黑龙江省哈尔滨市）

[第三类] 单数句与复数句之间的互变

转化时，名词和动词的人称和数，人称代词、物主代词、指示代词的人称和数都要作相应的变化。如：

15. That is my book. （2004浙江省宁波市）

Those are our books.

16. She is his student. （2005江苏）

They are their students.

[第四类] 变感叹句

将陈述句变成感叹句，要分以下几步：

第一步：在陈述句的谓语动词后将句子划断。如：The boxes are／very heavy.

第二步：斜线后的形容词、副词的修饰语要去掉，如上句去掉very。

第三步：若斜线后部分的中心词是形容词、副词，则在斜线后部分的前面加how。如果中心词是名词，就加what。

第四步：将陈述句句首的大写改为小写，将感叹句句首改为大写。

第五步：将陈述句句末的句号改为感叹号。于是上句应改为：How heavy the boxes are！又如：

17. They are happy to see each other.（2005甘肃省兰州市）

How happy they are to see each other！

[第五类] 同义转换

指用不同的词汇、短语、句型表示相同或相近的意思。它主要有以下几种变化：

一、用同义词（词组）、近义词（词组）替换句中的某一部分。如：

18. Lin Tao is good at physics. （2005江苏省盐城市）

Lin Tao does well in physics.

19. It took him two hours to play with computers last night. （2004甘肃省兰州市）

He spent two hours playing with computers last night.

二、用反义词（词组）或句型改写。如：

20. I think art is less important than maths. （2004浙江省杭州市）

I don’t th ink art is more important than maths.

21. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.（2004徐州市）

The runner failed to keep up with the others though he tried his best.

三、简单句和并列句与复合句等句式间的转换。如：

22. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either. （2004江苏省徐州市）Neither my father nor my mother is a history teacher.

23. Jim can’t decide what he should do next. （2004甘肃省兰州市）

Jim can’t decide what to do next.

24. David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper. （2004福建省福州市）

David was too careless to find the mistakes in his text paper.

[第六类] 对划线部分提问

实际上就是把陈述句变为特殊疑问句。对不同的部分提问要用不同的疑问词。

一、对主语提问：只需选择一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分，句子的语序不变，指人用who, 指物用what 或which。如：

25. Mr. Green teaches them English.（2005新疆）

Who teaches them English？

二、对谓语提问：不管后面接宾语与否，疑问词都用what, 并用do的适当形式代替谓语部分。如：

26. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. （2005青海）

What was he doing at four yesterday afternoon？

三、对宾语提问：指人的用who （whom）, 指物的用what或which。如：

27. He lives with his grandmother.（2005江苏）

Whom does he live with？

28. I have two books in my bag. （2004山东省泰安市）

What do you have in your bag？

四、对表语提问：要根据表语所表示的不同意思，选择不同的疑问代词。指人时一般用who；指时间时用when或what time；指职业时，用what；指颜色时用what colour; 指距离时用how far等。如：

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—副词的全集汇编附解析

一、选择题 1．The poor woman lives _________.But she never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; alone 2．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 3．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______? —I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong. A．to there; the first B．there; my first C．in there; my first D．there; my the first 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 6．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ be cause I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 7．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 8．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 9．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon. A．get home B．get to home C．gets to home D．gets home 10．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 11．We’ll meet kinds of difficulti es in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 12．—Do you often go shopping with your mom, Mike? —You know, most boys ________ go shopping, but I do. A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly 13．Suzy felt _________ when she studied __________ in London. A．alone; lonely B．alone; alone C．lonely; lonely D．lonely; alone 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments.

初中英语语法精讲全(教师版)

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David

一名词的分类： 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 二，名词变复数： 2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划

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