英语语法-代词
一. 教学内容：
代词（I）
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。
（一）人称代词
注意：
1. 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。
2. 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语。
（二）物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。
2. 名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复=形容词性物主代词+名词
3.“of+ 名词性物主代词”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩
（三）反身代词
反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，则表示强调。
例：
He finished the work by himself.
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。例：
The students will clean the classroom themselves. 学生们将自己打扫教室。
I myself heard him say it . 我亲耳听他说的。
反身代词的常用词组：
teach oneself learn by oneself
enjoy oneself help oneself to
by oneself for oneself
（四）指示代词
1.
2.
（1）this/these
①近指
This is my pen.
These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事。
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
（2）that/those
①远指
That is her bike.
②指前面刚提过的事。
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
3. 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking.我是迈克。
Who is that? 你是谁？
（五）疑问代词
（六）普通不定代词及复合不定代词
A. 普通不定代词
1.
2. 普通不定代词的用法
（1）some与any
some和any均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, please.
（2）many与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
There are too many mistakes in your exercise.
He never eats so much breakfast.
He has got too much work to do.
（3）either和neither
either指两个之中的其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。常构成固定搭配either/neither of + 名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；either… or…和neither… nor…，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither of the books is good.
Either you or I am going to American.
Neither you nor he is wrong.
（4）both与all
both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指三者或三者以上都。
Both she and I are students.
Both plans are good.
All of us should go there.
They all agree to stay here.
（5）each与every
each和every都表示“每一个”，each强调个别，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。
There are trees on each side of the road.
Every student passed the exam.
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
今天你有什么特别的话告诉我吗？
Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.
同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。
—Is there anything in the cup? 杯子里有什么东西吗？
—No, there is nothing. 没有，什么也没有。
注意：
1. 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, anything, something, nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it.
Everybody is here, aren’t they? 大家都在这里，是吗？Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？
2. 当形容词或else（另外）修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。
Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.
小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？
3. everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。
I would like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
Everyone/Every one likes Mary. 大家都喜欢玛丽。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。
She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the sink. 她把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全给倒进水池子里去了。
（七）代词it
A. it的用法
1. 指代前面提到过的事物。
This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
2. 代替指示代词this或that。
—What’s this?
—It’s a pencil.
3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
4. 表示时间或季节。
—What’s the time now?
—It’s ten o’clock.
5. 表示天气。
—What’s the weather like today?
—It’s sunny.
6. 表示距离。
How far is it from your school to your home?
7. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
（1）It’s + adj. +（for sb.）to do sth.
It is important for us to work hard.
（2）It’s time to do/for/that…
I t’s time to get up /for lunch.
（3）It seems that… 看起来好像……
It seems that he is quite happy.
（4）It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做……
It’s your turn to sing.
（5）It’s + adj. + that 从句
It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
8. 作形式宾语
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
9. 引导强调句型。
It was on that cold night that we saw an exciting film.
B. it, one, that作代词时的区别
1. it特指上下文提到的同一对象是同一事物。
The book is mine. It’s very interesting.
这本书是我的，它很有趣。
2. one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。
—Who has a pen? 谁有钢笔？
—I have one. 我有一支。
3. that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
二. 易混点清单
（一）both, all, either, any, neither, none
[例1] 用all
① of us went to see the film because we had enough money to buy tickets yesterday.
②Tom and his father are at work now.
答案：①All ②both
（二）little, a little, few, a few
little left. 托尼，你可以给我买些盐吗？已经快没有了。
He has so little money that he can’t afford the book.
他的钱太少，买不起这本书。
（三）other, the other, others, the others, another
1. He is taller than ① student in his class.
② in his class.
③ students in his class.
2. Some students like pop music while don’t in their school.
3. I want some books besides this dictionary.
答案：
1. ①any other ②the others ③the other
2. the others
3. other
【模拟试题】
（）1. _____ is mine. _____ is hers. A. It B. This C. Those D. That
（）2. The area of Shanghai is larger than _____ of Suzhou.
A. this
B. those
C. that
（）3. The bicycles made in Tianjin are much better than _____ made in Beijing.
A. that
B. these
C. those
（）4. —Who is singing there? —_____ is Li Ming’s sister.
A. She
B. This
C. It
（）5. She is an old classmate of _____. A. me B. my C. mine
（）6. Take care of _____. A. myself B. you C. yourself
（）7. My brother knows just very _____ English. A. few B. a little C. little
（）8. The weather is very wet, because there had been _____ rain this summer.
A. many
B. much
C. a few
（）9. The radio is almost the same as _____. A. She’s B. her C. hers
（）10. How _____ English phrases do you think you have learned this term?
A. much
B. many
C. any
（）11. _____ task will be completed soon. A.
Ours B. Ourselves C. Our
（）12. We should be strict with ____ in study.
A. myself
B. our own
C. ourselves
（）13. During the examination no one is allowed to ask _____ questions.
A. some
B. any
C. each
D. all
（）14. How _____ did the coat cost you?
A. many
B. much
C. money
D. much yuan
（）15. I bought a nice skirt for _____. A. she B.
her C. herself
（）16. _____ of us want to go swimming in _____ a cold day.
A. no
B. none
C. so
D. such
（）17. Some like physics, _____ like chemistry.
A. the other
B. others
C. the others
（）18. There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf. One is French, _____ are English.
A. the other
B. another
C. the others
（）19. The Beijing Library is larger than _____ library in China.
A. any
B. any other
C. the other
（）20. China is larger than _____ country in Europe.
A. any
B. any other
C. all
（）21. —Do you have any books on atomic physics?
—Yes, I have _____.A. a few B. few C. a little
（）22. They both are good at drawing, but _____ of them knows much about music.
A. either
B. neither
C. none
（）23. I don’t like playing chess, _____ does he.
A. neither
B. either
C. also
（）24. You can borrow _____ of the two novels.
A. any
B. none
C. either
（）25. There is still _____ milk in the glass. Let the baby have it.
A. little
B. a little
C. a few
（）26. —Is there _____ wrong with my watch? —No, _____.
A. nothing
B. anything
C. something
D. everything
（）27. _____ came to see you this morning.
A. Anybody
B. Anyone
C. Somebody
（）28. There were _____ people and cars in the street, as it was late at night.
A. some
B. a few
C. few
（）29. _____ of the three bus lines will take you to the Beijing Station.
A. All
B. Any
C. Neither
（）30. You may go to the Beijing Zoo by _____ of the two ways.
高考英语语法专题复习--代词
高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
高中英语语法总结大全-代词
高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如： When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语） a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？ b. -- Me.--我。（me作主语补语= It's me.） 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)
初中英语语法 代词讲解
初中英语语法 代词 代词：为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。 种类：1) 人称 2) 物主 3) 反身 4) 指示 5）不定6) 疑问 7) 相互代词：each other, one another 互相， 其所有格加-’s 8) 关系代词：which ， who ，that ，whom ，whose 等 引导定语从句 9) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 10）替代词：one(单数), ones(复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones 必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any ，而不用ones 。如：Have you bought any rulers? Yes ，I 've bought some. 一、人称代词 2. 3. 人称代词的排列顺序（单数231 ，复数123） 当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时，单数按二、三、一人称排列（即you, he / she, I ）；复数按一、二、三人称排列（即we, you, they ）。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时，要把说话人（I ）放在第一位。如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。 二、物主代词 1. 物主代词的形式
3. 物主代词的特殊用法 在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如： 我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his. 三、反身代词 1. 反身代词的形式 2. 反身代词的句法功能 3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语 ① help oneself to 随便吃……② come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉 ③ dress oneself 自己穿衣服④ say to oneself 自言自语 ⑤ enjoy oneself 玩得开心⑥ lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于…之中，消失于 ⑦ teach oneself 自学⑧ look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自 learn……by oneself 自学…leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束 四、指示代词
英语语法代词归纳总结
英语语法代词归纳总结 一、单项选择代词 1．It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them. A．every one B．all C．not all D．none 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 考查部分否定和不定代词。 【详解】 句意：所有的人都找到工作是不可能的，因为并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。此处all of them are not fit for them.是部分否定，意为：并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。故选B。【点睛】 英语中的部分否定有如下一些表示方法：1、all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”；2、both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) “并非两个……都……”；3、every…的否定式：not every…“不是每……都……”。 2．—There is still a copy of the book in the library．Will you go and borrow _____?—No．I’d rather buy ______ in the bookstore． A．one; one B．one; it C．it; one D．it; it 【答案】C 【解析】 指代物体时，one指代同名异物，it指代同名同物，根据题意选C。你要去买它吗？- 不，我宁愿去书店买一个。 3．You should make ______ a rule to leave things______ you can find them easily. A．it; where B．it; then C．that; there D．this; when 【答案】A 【解析】 考查代词及状语从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语为to leave things where you can find them easily；where引导地点状语从句，选A。 4．It’s no use ______ about it. You can’t do anything to change it. A．worried B．to worry C．worrying D．worry 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：担心它没用，你做什么多改变不了它。It’s no use doing sth.做某事没用。故选C。 考点：考查固定句式。
高考英语语法专题——专题2代词
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day. 答案：it it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。 2.(2017·浙江高考，59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，” says Pahlsson. 答案：myself 由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词作 宾语。 3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother. 答案：its 根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。 4.(2016·浙江高考，3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.
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