政治教学论文(英语)

Introduction

In the past ten years, numerous Chinese scholars have devoted their time to studying vocabulary. Many papers that they wrote are related to vocabulary a lot. Those scholars who study vocabulary are concentrating on exploring some strategies on teaching vocabulary for primary school and middle school students. Only few of them focus on studying some strategies of teaching and learning words in the college.

Many domestic scholars, such as Yu Demin, Zhao Jun, Lv Mourong…etc, have written many papers that are related to vocabulary. They not only emphasize the importance of teaching and learning vocabulary, but present some strategies of teaching and learning vocabulary. Foreign scholars: Evelyn Hatch, Cheryle Brown and D.A Wilkins also wrote some papers that are connected with vocabulary. In their works, Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education and Linguistics in Language Teaching, they presented some strategies of teaching and learning vocabulary and distinguished the relationship between words.

Although scholars did so many researches on how to teach and learn vocabulary, in order to find some proper strategies to teach and learn vocabulary, I would like to supplement some of my opinions about how to teach and learn words effectively at college.

What I would like to introduce in this part is the development of English vocabulary: the development of Old English and the development of Modern English. In his work Marxism and problems of Linguistics, Stalin pointed out that vocabulary is the building material of language.1 From the sentence I mentioned above, English learners need to understand that vocabulary plays an important role in the process of learning English. Therefore, it is necessary for learners to acquire some knowledge about the development of the English vocabulary, because it is essential for both teachers and students. To acquire some knowledge about the development of the words will help them teach and learn words effectively.

The study of the development of Old English vocabulary should not be separated from the growth of the English itself. The history of Old English started at

the conquest and settlement of the England by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in 450 AD. The language spoken was Anglo-Saxon. It was known as the Old English. The English language from 1500 to now is called Modern English. Between Old English and Modern English was Middle English. In Modern English period, the stage of development of English vocabulary could be divided into three parts: the Renaissance period (1500-1700); at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and after World War II till now.

In these two periods, the words from other countries, such as Old Norse, Latin, French, Italian, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, African, Indian…etc, were beginning to be absorbed as English words. Therefore, learning some knowledge about the development of English vocabulary is necessary for college students, for it will help them learn vocabulary well.

From what I have mentioned above, it could be concluded that vocabulary is the basic element that college students should learn, so it is important for both college teachers and students to know the significance of teaching and learning vocabulary. In the following part, I will introduce the significance of teaching and learning English words as well as present some strategies of teaching and learning English vocabulary to benefit both teachers and students. In this way, teaching vocabulary in the college could be improved and students could find a proper way to learn vocabulary effectively.

1. The Definition of a Word

Before discussing the significance and some approaches of teaching and learning college English words, the first thing that both college teachers and students need to know is the definition of a word.

The definition of a word has attracted more linguists?attention for centuries. Below are three different kinds of definition of what a word is. One is given by famous linguist Bloomfield. Bloomfield makes a difference between two types of linguistic forms: free forms and bound forms.2 Usually, free forms could use one word to express its meaning, but sometimes it could explain a full sentence by using

one word, while bound words can not. For instance, the word “bravely” contains the free form …brave” and bound form “-ly”. The former …brave” could be an independent unit or a complete sentence. (e.g. What kind of person he is?-Brave.) In this sentence only free form “brave” could express the meaning of the whole sentence. However, the suffix or bound form “-ly”could express nothing. Therefore, according to Bloomfield, a word is a minimal free form. 3

The second definition is given by Aristole, who defined a word as the smallest significant unit of speec h-a definition which held sway until recently.4 It uses a modern method to analyze that a new term needs to imply the smallest significant element of speech. In modern linguistic theory, it is known as a morpheme. Aristole defined a word is a morpheme.

The last one is defined by Lexicology. From the lexicology point of view a word is a combination of form (phonological) and meaning (lexical and grammar).5 Moreover, a word plays an important part in sentence.6

From above all, we see that giving a correct and accurate definition to a word is difficult, but usually most English learners think the definition given by Bloomfield and Lexicology is more suitable.

2. The Significance of Teaching and Learning College English Vocabulary

2.1 The Importance of Teaching Vocabulary

One of most famous linguists D.A Wilkins once said that “without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” 7From this famous saying, English learners clearly see that vocabulary plays an important role when learning college English vocabulary. Phonetics, grammar and vocabulary are three basic elements of forming a language, but among them, vocabulary is the most basic building material of the language, without vocabulary there is no language.

In 1990s, college English teaching emphasized much in the process of teaching grammar, but now it centers on cultivating the students? communicative competency. The most valuable thing in this process is that students need to master numerous vocabulary, for without vocabulary the communication is difficult to go ahead. From

this point of view, it could be inferred that teaching English vocabulary is the most important segment in the college. Both teachers and students can benefit from the process of teaching words. It could help teachers develop students? intelligence and cultivate the students?competency of solving some problems. In addition, when teaching vocabulary, teachers need to be patient on the usage of vocabulary and grammatical form of vocabulary.

Before teaching vocabulary to their students, teachers have to consider the question: “How to teach students to master large vocabulary effectively?”Thus, teaching vocabulary is to become an important part in the process of teaching English. Teaching vocabulary effectively could help students master more words, communicate with people more confidently as well as pass examination easier.

2.2 The Importance of Learning Vocabulary

V ocabulary is the basic factor of forming a language, just as without building materials, it is impossible to build a huge mansion. It is quite similar to the former sentence, and it is impossible to build the “mansion” of vocabulary and improve the level of learning foreign language without vocabulary. Therefore, it is essential for English learners to master numerous words and know the significance of learning vocabulary, especially for college students.

The development of all language skills are tied to vocabulary closely. The ability of reading is related to the reading speed and correct understanding, for students can not improve the reading speed and its correctness without rich vocabulary. If you have no rich words, it also will influence your listening ability, because you can not hear or understand the content well. In the writing part, vocabulary also affects the ability of writing. When writing a composition, students need to have a good command of a word.

From what I have mentioned above, it could be concluded that learning more vocabulary is very important for college students to learn words. It affects the ability of reading, listening and writing. Learning vocabulary well could also help students improve their own skills of reading, listening and writing, and achieve some “fruits”from learning more words. However, students need to find a proper way to learn

words effectively.

3. Existing Problems in the Vocabulary Learning

3.1 Problems in Learning Vocabulary

Nowadays, more and more students are fond of learning English, learning English is popular in China, but here are some problems in the process of learning English language, especially in vocabulary learning. They are:

a.Neglected vocabulary in the certain context and separated vocabulary from

the certain context.

b.Emphasized much on spelling, but ignored its pronunciation.

c.Learned memorized and consolidated words mechanically and could not find

a proper way to enlarge their vocabulary.

d.Influenced by the mother tongu

e.

e.Neglected accumulation and revision words regularly.

Due to such problems in vocabulary learning, finding some proper ways to solve all problems is urgent. In the following part, I will introduce some strategies to solve problems.

3.2 Strategies for Solving These Problems

According to some problems illustrated in last part, I would like to present some strategies to solve these problems.

a.Teaching and learning words in the certain context will help you improve the

vocabulary.

b.Pronouncing vocabulary in the accurate way.

c.Learning, memorizing and consolidating new words regularly.

d.Trying their best to forget the mother tongu

e.

e.Accumulating and reviewing new vocabulary as possible as you can.

Although these strategies are not perfect for solving these problems, they will benefit English language learners very much.

4. Strategies of Teaching College English Vocabulary

4.1 The Principles of Teaching Vocabulary

According to the essence of the language and features of English teaching, the English vocabulary teaching must be based on the following principles.

4.1.1 Communicative Principle

The goal of learning language is to communicate with people successfully. Thus, teachers should teach vocabulary in the real environment, for using this method will make college students understand the real meaning of a word. After teaching meaning and usage of the word in the class, teachers should hypothesize a real environment for students to practice new words soon, because it will motivate students master more words as soon as possible.

4.1.2 Emotional Principle

The active emotion and a bit nervousness could help students improve their study efficiency. In the class, the teacher should cultivate students?interests of learning words, foster their active attitude to learn vocabulary and motivate their motivation to learn more words, because all of things could help students overcome their nervousness. For example, when learning vocabulary, the teacher could combine some interesting short stories, jokes and songs with the process of learning words, which will attract students to learn vocabulary in the relaxing environment. However, it is not easy for all teachers to follow this principle, which requires teachers have rich knowledge and strong abilities to use the language.

4.1.3 Systematic Principle

Learning is a process of organization. After teaching new words, the teacher must connect new words with the old ones together, because it will motivate students to memorize new vocabulary effectively. While organizing the old vocabulary, teachers must pay more attention to the relationship between words. If teachers use systematic approach to teach words, they will assist students to memorize new words easily.

4.1.4 Cultural Principle

Language is a part of culture. If you wish to learn English language well, the first thing that you should do is to manage to understand the English culture well.

English words are a part of English language and yet can not be separated from the culture. You know better about English culture, and you could learn English words more perfectly. It is arduous to find a precise word in Chinese, which matches an English word directly, however, you could find a lot of Chinese words which match an English word. On this condition, it is necessary for you to know English culture well and find a precise word to match a proper Chinese word. Knowing culture, teachers could find a proper or exact word to teach their students how to learn vocabulary more perfectly. Cultural principle is needed to persist all the time, since it is a key point whether teachers could teach vocabulary to their students well.

4.2 Strategies of Teaching Vocabulary

In recent years, there are many teaching strategies for college English teachers to teach words, but what I want to illustrate here is six more effective approaches.

4.2.1 Using Word-formation

Using word-formation to teach words is an excellent way for college students to learn vocabulary, for it will help students cultivate a strong ability to learn English vocabulary. Here, five approaches will be introduced, including affixation, compounding, conversion, shortening and blending.

The processes by which words are formed by adding affixes to a root are called affixation.8 There are two kinds of English affixation: prefixes and suffixes. Most prefixes, when adding the root to prefixes, can not change the word class, but change the word meaning. For example, prefix “un-”(natural-unnatural, pleasant-unpleasant), “dis-”(advantage-disadvantage, appear-disappear). On the contrary, suffixes can change one word class to another, such as suffix“-able” (knowledge n–knowledgeable a, bear v-bearable a), “-ness” (happy a-happiness n, sad a-sadness n). To sum up, if the teacher could teach students how to learn affixation, it would help students learn and memorize words easier than before.

Compounding is a process of word-formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word.9Words used to form compounding are called compounds. There are various kinds of compounds, such as noun compounds (postbox, landlady, rainbow), adjective compounds (bittersweet, blue-black), verb

compounds (sleepwalk, cutup, pickpocket), etc. What I mentioned here is the most important three, borrowing this approach to teach words not only could help the teacher teach words easier, but motivate students to learn vocabulary more effectively.

Conversion means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word. 10 Conversion could not change the form of the word, but change the word class. Using word “good” for an example, it could be used to make a sentence “You look good today.”Here, “good”is an adjective, but in another sentence “That little talk with the boss certainly did him the world of good!” Here, “good” is a noun. Thus, teachers need to use conversion, when teaching words, if they wish to teach effectively in the class.

Shortening is also called abbreviation. There are three kinds of shortening: clipped words, initialisms and acronyms. Clipped words are clipped one part of a word and then used that part to represent the whole words. The shortening may appear at the beginning of a word (earthquake-quake, parachute-chute); at the end of a word (mathematics-math, modern-mod); in the middle of a word (refrigerator-fridge). Usually, clipped words are informal, but it is a good way to remember and teach words. Initialisms are words formed by initial letters of words and pronounced as letter: WTO=World Trade Organization, IMF=International Monetary https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fa9612435.html,ing innitialisms to teach words could motivate students to memorize new words easier. Acronyms are also formed by the initial letters of words, but they pronounced as word. NATO =North Atlantic Treaty Organization, AIDS =Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, OPEC =Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. These three kinds of shortening make vocabulary learning easier.

Blending is another approach for teaching vocabulary. In this modern time, there is a trend, that is, using few words to express more things, it is necessary for students to explore how blends are formed. A word that is combined parts of two words together?is called blending, such as breakfast+lunch=brunch; video+telephone= videophone; medical+care=medicare, etc. It is a good way to teach vocabulary in the college, for students could learn at least two words at the same time with one word.

In a word, word-formation is an effective way to teach and learn English words.

This strategy could be used to teach students to associate, memorize and consolidate new words as often as possible.

4.2.2 Using Synonyms, Antonyms and Hyponyms

Synonyms, antonyms and hyponyms are three more effective strategies for teaching English vocabulary. Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms. Using synonyms to teach vocabulary could help students distinguish similar words meaning clearly and learn more words at the same time. For example, when learning words “start”, learners could associate with its synonyms “begin” and “commence,”Antonyms are words that express opposite meaning. Antonyms are much like synonyms by which teachers could teach more words. For example, while learning a new word “old”, the teachers could ask students to find out its ant onyms “young”. Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word, and a more specific word, specific words are called hyponyms.11 For the word “flower”, teachers could request students to find some hyponyms such as “rose, lily, carnation, tulip …etc.”From above analysis, it is proved that these three methods could assist both teachers and students to teach and learn new words in an effective way, so they must be introduced to college students.

4.2.3 Using Video and Movie

Nowadays, with the development of the economy and technology, video and movie are quite popular in English teaching. The teachers also could use video and movie in vocabulary teaching. Compared with traditional teaching method, it is very colorful and easy to be accepted. Before enjoying video and movie, the teacher needs to introduce background knowledge about the video and movie. When encountering new words, teachers need to explain the meaning specifically and tell students to pay attention to these words when they appear in the film. Then, teacher must urge students to review these useful words and expressions so that students could achieve some new words and learn how to use these words, and teachers could create a good environment to teach new words.

4.2.4 Using Reading Materials

Reading materials is a good resource for students to enlarge vocabulary. In the

material, students can learn more vocabulary. For instance, in the following paragraph, teachers could instruct students to learn new words. Here I would like to illustrate below part as an example.

People who do eat too much fast food can have health problems. In the

United States, 3000,000 people a year die from illness related to obesity.

Twenty percent of children in the United States are overweight. The

problem has spread as Western fast food has become popular in countries

like China, India and Japan. Five to ten percent of Chinese children are

now overweight. (1)

After reading above materials, students could achieve some new words, such as “obesity”and “overweight”. Meanwhile the teachers need to teach students some strategies of how to guess the word meaning before students read the material. After reading the material, the teacher and students can read the material together in order to learn some new words. From above example, guiding students to find the new word “obesity” and “overweight” in the dictionary and explaining the meaning or giving the definition are necessary. Then, let students speak out the meaning; at last, the teacher let students read the material once more and memorize these new words.

4.2.5 Guessing New Words in the Context

The most important strategy in teaching vocabulary is guessing new words in the context. When one learns his first language, he will pick up most words from books, TV and daily conversation rather than teaching. There is no enough time to teach thousands of new words in the classroom, so sometimes students have to guess words meaning based on the context. However, it is difficult for them to guess words meaning successfully, yet some instructions are needed to teach students some strategies to guess words meaning in the context. When a learner meets a new word for the first time, he may ignore it, but he meets it again, he should guess the meaning from the context. Then he needs to substitute his guess meaning into the sentence to see if the meaning in the sentence is clear, in this way, he will soon realize if his guess is right or wrong. For example, “John is an industrious student, he gets up very early, reads a lot of books and studies very hard. He has awarded scholarship every

semester.” So what is “industrious”? Teacher can illustrate above sentence, and then let students guess new word meaning from other known words, such as “early”, “read books”, “hard” and “scholarship”. From information mentioned above, students could guess the word “industrious”meaning correctly. At last, teachers should instruct students to use affixes knowledge to guess words meaning, such as using prefixes and suffixes. However, students often fail to guess meaning from the context, if they do not know most words in the sentence, yet it must depend on most words in the context that they know most of them. Only in this way could students guess words meaning successfully.

4.2.6 Translating and Exemplifying

Translation is also a useful way to teach vocabulary. When the teacher meet some new words in the process of teaching words, they need to use this approach, but remember do not use it mechanically. They need to use translation flexibly to teach students to learn vocabulary, especially when teaching words to Chinese students, the teacher needs to find a proper Chinese word to explain the word meaning, for there are many Chinese words to match only one English word. In this way, students could learn vocabulary effectively. Exemplification is also a useful method to teach vocabulary, teachers could use some examples to explain the meaning of a word, such as the word “medicine”, and use specific names of medicine to explain the word meaning or make a sentence that include word “medicine”, for instance, “Medicine is used to cure some diseases”. Students could infer the real meaning of the word “medicine”by words “cure”and “diseases”. This approach is easier and direct. Therefore, translating and exemplifying are effective ways in vocabulary teaching.

5. Strategies of Enlarging College English Vocabulary

Most English learners have the same feelings that their English vocabularies are limited when they want to use them. They will find numerous new words when reading a book and also have the same experience when listening to a recorder so that they can not pick up a correct word to finish their works when writing a composition. Here, I will present six approaches to teach students how to enlarge their vocabulary.

5.1 Reading English Books Extensively

The more books students read, the more vocabulary they achieve, for in the process of reading, learners will encounter new words repeatedly, so reading English books extensively will encourage English learners to learn more words in order to enlarge their vocabulary. If students could follow aspects the below, they could read books extensively as well as enlarge their vocabulary, though there are some unknown words in the book.

a. Reading easier books extensively and looking up unknown words in the

dictionary regularly.

b. Using dictionary to find relative words, when reading a more difficult book.

c. After reading the book, please review some unknown words in your notebook.

d. Memorizing new words firstly, and then reading them in the certain material.

5.2 Putting Words and Phrases Together

It is an unwise method to learn vocabulary alone. Because in the different contexts, the meaning of a word could be changed, especially when their sentence styles and collections are changed. Wise learners will put words and phrases together, for using this approach learners could memorize and enlarge more words than before. In addition, learners could try their best to memorize some nouns and adjectives and adverbs so as to memorize the relative words. For example, when memorizing the word “knowledge”, it is a noun, but it could help learners to memorize its adjective and adverb form “knowledgeable” and“knowledgeably”. In brief, putting words and phrases together could enrich vocabulary, for one word has many collocations.

5.3 Cultivating the Interests of Learning Vocabulary

Lexicology is a scientific course, some phenomena in this course are very interesting. If students find that they have already achieved something in the process of learning and building up words, they are bound to have the interest in this course, so interest is a key element in this course. Only in this way could students learn and enlarge words effectively, for the interest is the mother of enlarging vocabulary.

5.4 Achieving Some New Words on the Internet

With the development of science and technology, surfing on the Internet is

becoming more and more popular, for this reason, English learners could achieve and learn some new words on the Internet. The Internet is not only a normal tool for English learners learning some relative knowledge, but a huge resource for learners to use it. It could be used to learn some new words, for some new products are produced every day, and consequently, students should learn to use this convenient and fast approach to achieve and enrich their vocabulary.

5.5 Using a Dictionary

The ability to use a dictionary properly could help students enlarge their vocabulary, however, students should be guided at the beginning of using a dictionary. The teacher can ask students to look up unknown words in the dictionary, and then tell them to put down all of the words in the notebook. In this way, students can collect some words in the process of learning English book. Keeping a vocabulary notebook is an important way for students to memorize and consolidate new words and help students enlarge their vocabulary. A vocabulary notebook is another kind of dictionary. Creating one?s own vocabulary notebook must include following points: a guideline i.e. an A-I format, pronunciation information, part of speech, English definition and translation,in addition, example sentences, collocations, antonyms and synonyms, pictures, word families, etc12 also could be included.

5.6 Reviewing New Words Regularly

Due to limited class time, students could hardly learn all new words in the classroom. Thus, teachers need to help students develop their own strategies to learn new words in order to enlarge students? vocabulary. Reviewing new words regularly is a good strategy to enlarge words. Students should be given time to pick up new words in the classroom, they also need to make efforts to use their extracurricular time to review new words regularly, for revision can help them memorize and remember new words.

Conclusion

English vocabulary plays an important role in the college, so both teachers and

students need to be patient in the process of teaching and learning college English. They also need to try their best to find some effective ways to teach and encourage students to learn new words. This paper centers on putting forward the significance of teaching and learning vocabulary and some approaches of teaching vocabulary in attempt to achieve some vocabulary in the college. However, the approaches of teaching and learning vocabulary I have mentioned are not completely perfect, which also needs teachers and students to probe some other strategies in the process of teaching and learning college English vocabulary. In this way, teaching vocabulary at college could be improved and students could find a proper way to learn vocabulary effectively as well.

Notes

1. Zhang Yun-fei, Zhou Xi-qing. An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Beijing: Teaching University, 1986, 5

2. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 300

3. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 301

4. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 300

5. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 301

6. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 301

7. 吕孟荣. 英语词汇教学研究[J]. 浙江商业职业技术外语教育部，2007.(1): 100

8. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 308

9. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 309

10. 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999, 309

11. 戴炜栋, 何兆熊. 新编简明英语语言学教程[M] 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2002, 76

12. 王蔷. 英语教学法教程[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2006, 133

英语教学论文英语教师论文

英语教学论文英语教师论文 浅谈如何在英语教学中转化学困生 学生初学英语感到新奇、有趣。但随着教学内容的增多，难度的加大，一部分学生在听、说、读、写方面出现掉队现象。久而久之，这类学生单词记不下，课文看不懂，上课不愿听，有的甚至放弃了英语学习，成为了学困生。然而，教师授课是面向全体学生，而学困生对学习无丝毫兴趣，还产生逆反、厌学心理，害怕记背单词，上课注意力不集中，不记笔记，教拼读音标却不看音标，不会拼读单词，不愿写作文。面对这些现象，那么英语教师该如何分析这些现象产生的原因？又该如何制订出相对应的策略来转化学困生呢？ 下面就以上现象谈谈我的看法。 一、学生产生逆反、厌学心理的原因及对策 学生对新事物有很浓的兴趣，可是一旦在学习上不认真，就会逐渐听不懂，就会对课程失去兴趣，对自己失去信心。学习的积极性也就逐渐消逝，就会产生一种厌倦心理，不愿意再继续学习，产生厌学情绪。 针对学生的这种逆反、厌学心理，教师应从以下几方面来引导学生培养兴趣，建立自信。 （一）了解学困生的心理，善待他们，建立师生感情，激发学困生的学习动力，多发现学生的闪光点。

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单词教学趣味谈 一口流利的英语离不开大量的词汇积累。由此可见，掌握一定数量的词汇是学好英语的基础。否则，对话教学及句子教学都无法顺利进行。语言的学习是在不断操练和积累中发展起来的。单凭反复机械的操练只会降低学习者的热情。俗话说得好：兴趣是最好的老师。在教学实践中，我们得不断摸索如何使单词教学活泼、生动、富有趣味的路子。 一、在唱歌中学单词。 如今，英语教学法可谓是流派纷呈。其中“唱歌学习法”深厚广大学习者的喜爱，实践也证明了这种学法效果的优异。对于小孩子，唱唱跳跳是他们的天性。在单词教学中，要充分挖掘并利用学生的潜能，带领孩子们进入有音乐的单词天地，学生个个其乐融融。。 二、在顺口溜中学单词。 中国是诗歌的王国。中国人天生有着对诗歌琅琅上口的节奏感。小学英语非常注重知识的板块性，每一单元的单词都属于同一系列。这种编排对老师渗透新的语言知识点很有好处。在教学中，尝试把每一单元的单词串联起来，编成一个顺口溜，便于学生记忆和朗读。如，教Animals时，编的顺口溜是：猫儿cat 爱吃鱼，猴儿monkey爱吃桃，小鸟bird天上飞，小狗dog地上跑，老虎tiger 兽中王，熊猫panda是国宝，大象elephant大力士。又如教学Colours时顺口溜是：红色red红旗摇，白色white白云飘，绿色green绿油油，蓝色blue天蓝蓝，黄色yellow黄香蕉，黑色black黑煤炭，橙色orange象橘子，棕色brown 象咖啡。另外，还把比较容易混淆的词组编成顺口溜。如：叮叮当，闹钟响，get up,get up快起床，背上书包go to school,see you,byebye 说再见，赶快回家go home,想要睡觉go to bed,道声晚安good night. 三、在游戏中学单词。 英语新课程强调要求学生在做中学，在玩中用。这样有利于发展语言运用的能力，有利于提高语言学习的动机。在教学中，尤其是在巩固环节或检复环节，经常带学生开展各种游戏。如在教学食物时，可把各种食物放入一个不透明的袋子中，一起玩“Touch and guess”的游戏，猜对者将把食物奖赏给他。在有食物奖赏的刺激下，学生的学习热情异常积极。几分钟游戏下来，学生既玩得开心，8种食物单词也已经扎根大脑了。又如，在教玩食物单词后，我故意摸着肚子说：“Today everyone has many delicious foods.I’m very hungry.”通过体态语，学生也已明白老师此时的肚子很饿，纷纷举出自己的食品或饮料说：“Miss Xiao,some cakes?”“Some coffee?”等，真诚的问候帮助学生巩固了新知识，也很好地交流和巩固了师生间的感情。 四、在对比中学单词。