夏云辉写作讲义
考研英语写作
一些数据
英语一：30分图画大作文40分钟20分小作文20分钟10分
英语二：25分图表大作文40分钟15分小作文20分钟10分
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
历年真题分类梳理
2000负面问题---环境类
2001人格品质---爱心
2003负面问题---家庭、教育类
2004人格品质---坚持、奋斗
2005负面问题---家庭类
2006两面现象---明星崇拜
2007人格品质---自信
2008人格品质---合作
2009两面现象---网络利弊
2010正面现象---多元文化
2011负面问题---环境类
2011
押题如何成为可能
1.连续三年未考人格品质
诚信
2012
2013
考研写作的主要任务
1分析某一现象的好坏处、正反面观点
3提出解决某问题的建议
4.弘扬某种人格品质
课程安排
1.提出建议
2.分析原因
3.评价好坏
4.人格品质
5.开头段（英语一）
6.开头段（英语二）
7.小作文
模板的硬伤
This issue should be well taken into consideration.As to how to address the problem people put forward various suggestions.Firstly(in the first place first of all),__建议一__.Secondly(additionally in addition),__建议二__. lastly(last but not least),__建议三__.
这样的模板解决一半问题
1.赵
2.钱
3.孙
4.李
5.王
作文最重要的是找到另一半
文章---段落---开头句+连词+陈述句---主谓宾、主系表
怎样提出建议
建议通常以什么词性出现？
动词
这些建议性的动词是无限多的吗
加强/强化
Strengthen enhance Reinforce Realization/understanding
Establishment construction Management Administration Supervision
提高
Raise Personal quality standard Ability Efficiency
扩大/拓宽
widen broaden expand Channel outlook/horizon thinking
增加
Increase Income Amount Taxation tax Investment
建立
construct establish form launch System of organization Mechanism
Rules and regulations
改善
鼓励
Encourage sb to do Urge Push Lead Instruct Advocate
创新
Innovation Communication
深化
Deepen Reform Understanding Mutual-trust
促进
Promote Boost Facilitate Communication Cooperation
禁止
Ban Forbid Prohibit
惩罚
Punish
降低
Lower
限制
Limit restrict
建议两大类方法
1具体情况具体建议
2万能建议法
(1)经济杠杆
成本cost expense
价格price投资investment
(2)建立体制complete perfect
相关的relative
(3)媒体力量
Encourage lead instruct
(4)改变对立
提高改善改变
近几年国内常见的问题
不赡养老人如何教育小孩白色污染
商业捕杀交通堵塞风景区被破坏
假球黑哨高房价大学生就业离婚率增高
食品安全假药空气污染
提建议时推荐使用的四种句法
1主动态
2被动态
3不定式（to do sth）
4动词前置变动名词做主语
建议段开头句
1.This issue should be well taken into consideration.As to how to address the problem people put forward various suggestions.
3.In order to solve the problem people set forth different solutions and here I would explore only two key ways.
4.I strongly suggest that effective steps be taken as soon as possible to address the problem.
5.The following suggestions should be taken into consideration when we are seeking solutions to cope with the problem.
6.Considering the severity of this issue we have no choice but to take stringent measures to address this problem.
7.It is crucial that we take vigorous measures to tackle these problems.
8.Given the severity of this phenomenon we have no alternative/option but to take immediate/prompt steps to address the situation.
9.In view of the seriousness of this problem effective measures must be taken before things get worse.
连接词
1.firstly;first of all to begin with;in the first place;on the one hand;first and foremost;for one thing
2.Second secondly next besides in the second place for another furthermore moreover in addition what is more more importantly
3.The third and very important reason is that Finally thirdly furthermore moreover last but not least
提建议时用主系表的表语之各种可能：
The most effective solution:
Effective:
Applicable Efficient Practical
Helpful Useful Workable
Realistic Appropriate Proper
Suitable Acceptable
Important
Pivotal
Crucial
Critical
Significant
Powerful
Solution:
Measure Approach
Answer Suggestion Weapon Medicine Prescription
Way Key
ABCDEFHHIJ
123456789
A1A2A3...J9
AB1AB2AB3AC1AC2AC3...IJ9
一引导句（句首句中句尾）
1专家观点引导句
雏形：many people think that
a sizeable percentage of economists believe that
people:
Economist Sociologist
Environmentalist Ecologist
Educator Philosopher
Researcher Scientist
Expert...
think:
Agree Support
Remain Maintain
analyze concern
predict estimate
suggest
hold the opinion
believe
many:some
some of
most
most of
the majority of
a large(huge/tremendous)number(amount)of
a sizeable percentage of
在句中、句尾要学习的观点名词：
Suggestion Opinion
Perspective Understanding
Realization Analysis
动词：
According to
Based on
(2)强调类
1.it is undoubted/obvious/manifest that
2.there is no doubt/question that
3.no one can/will doubt/deny/question that
二修饰成分
形容词
1升级最常用的形容词
Important:
Essential Critica Significan Pivotal
Beautiful:
Attractive Charming Glamorous Impressive Good:
Prominent Outstanding Remarkable Excellent Exceptional 数量：
Various Diverse Countless
三并列成分
名词---同义词种属并列
road and street
house
形容词并列
workable and effective
四加时间和地点
时间
现在：in this age and day
In this golden age
In this tough age
In the contemporary era
将来：
In the near/not distant/not-too-distant/foreseeable/predictable/distant/far future
考研写作第二节课
如何找原因？
一自我创造
1话题熟悉
2语言过关
二、万能原因素材！
1.主体缺乏类
2.主体客体关系类
3.主体错误类
主体缺乏类
主体：
小主体---人
年龄分类法
Kid teenager adolescent
Adult(grown-up)the elderly
职业分类法
Average citizen Head,Administrator,Salespeople Driver
Producer Referee,Consumer....
大主体
国家nation社会Community政府Government媒体Media
正确的教育Correct/proper education
有力的措施Powerful measure
高效的管理Efficient management
有效的交流Workable communication/interaction
专业的知识Professional knowledge/Expert…
充分的准备adequate preparation
合理的计划Reasonable plan
健全的体制perfect and complete System of organization/mechanism
实用的方法Applicable approach
明确的目标Clear/definite Goal target
正确的态度Correct attitude
正确的认识realization/recognition
深刻的理解profound/deep understanding/interpretation
必要的警惕necessary vigilance
必要的投资、经费investment/fund
填空练习
1毒胶囊事件是因为制造商缺乏___的___.
2交通堵塞因为相关部门缺乏____
3校车事故是因为学校对危险缺乏____
4不重视英语拼写是因为学生缺____
5盗版因为消费者对于产权缺乏____
6假球黑哨因为____缺乏____
翻译练习
Departments concerned lack strict supervision and effective management.Consequently the matter of school bus accidents is getting frequent and common.
Our society lacks perfect system of organization.Consequently,the issue of unemployment is becoming obvious and severe.
consequently/as a result后面句子处理
sth is getting irreversible
irreversible:
serious
severe
enormous
terrible
horrible wild obvious influential harmful
knotty urgent insolvable common universal
翻译练习
air pollution in northern China according to ecologists'opinion can be due to the fact that government lacks workable solution and effective plan.
第一个表达原因的工具
Be due to
Be attributed to
例句：
1A unilateral discharge may be due to local inflammation.
单侧分泌物可能由局部炎症引起.
2those can be attributed to the stress of the situation
那些也是归功于于紧张的形势。
前后绝对不可以接句子！
1前后只能接名词、名词短语、带从句的名词
加先行词：
Truth fact situation phenomenon matter Issue conclusion
2去掉主语变动词为动名词ing
主体错误类
设立目标set goal
制定计划work out a plan
制定政策make policy
建立体制establish system of organization
采取措施take measure
采纳意见adopt idea/suggestion/opinion
付出努力make effort
impractical useless helpless incorrect inappropriate
improper unsuitable meaningless unrealistic
造句练习
盗版
盗版是因为我们对于盗版有着错误的认识
空气污染是因为政府和环保部门采取了错误的措施
Local government and department of environment have taken incorrect and impractical measures when dealing with the problem as a result the trend of air pollution is getting irreversible.
高房价是因为。。。
The relevant departments have taken incorrect and impractical measures
toward this problem.
As a result air pollution is getting irreversible.
第二个表达原因的工具
Consequently
As a result
例句：The rain was heavy and consequently,the road was flooded.
雨很大所以路被淹沒了。
The traffic was very heavy as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤因此我们没能准时到达。
主体客体关系类
主体受到了政策policy环境environment/surrounding、条件condition、媒体media
他人
Others(families strangers friends companions peers,co-workers schoolmates roommates)
经济状况economic situation,传统tradition,风俗custom education level academic background
Social status interpersonal relationship social atmosphere…
的影响（influence impact affect）
限制（limit restrict）
误导Mislead---misled misguide,
迷惑confuse,
引诱Seduce,tempt
刺激Stimulate
驱动Drive---driven
referees are driven by enormous financial reward.
salespeople are stimulated by
第三个原因工具
1.the main reason why air pollution is getting serious is that there are more factories are being constructed in contemporary society
2.possible this is because of the simple fact that___
3.we cannot forget a universal truth is that____
4.one of the most attractive points is that____
原因段开头句：
1.Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so.
2.what factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to many people.In my opinion the following reasons should be taken into consideration.
3.it is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions.From my perspective the causes are multiple.
4.it is not easy to render the reasons for this complicated phenomenon which involves several factors.For my part there are several causes for this problem.
5.in my mind the following factors need to be taken into consideration.
6.there are several reasons for this phenomenon.
7.the causes may be inner and outer influence.
8.there are a number reasons of this phenomenon.
9.hence it is imperative that we pinpoint the causes of this disturbing phenomenon.
考研写作第三节课
正反观点对比
什么样的题目写正反观点对比？
1如果考察的对象是一个具备两面性的社会现象（有好有坏）
2有人认为。。。有人不同意、反对
相关题目
口语考试出国旅游城市化
房屋产权私有化
全球化家长送小孩上艺术班
手机电子书籍死刑
春晚校园开放四六级
正反观点对比
价值判断
正面价值：正面观点（好处）
反面价值：反面观点（坏处）
范围：
经济价值
社会价值
心理价值
经济价值
Economy Finance financial Employment opportunity/position/Rate Income salary Tax revenue Living expense/cost Inflation GDP Stock Consumption Purchase purchasing power Market Domestic market International/global/overseas market Financial crisis/storm/tsunami Competition Unemployment BBC China Daily..
社会价值
文化culture社会结构social structure群体community
犯罪crime种族race族群ethnic group
性别不平等gender inequality
宗教religion
教育education
医疗medical system
人口population
环境environment
变革reform
社会价值
休斯《社会学导论》
上海社会科学院出版社
环境价值
Deterioration恶化
Economization节约
Green-house gas温室气体
Afforestation植树造林
Arbor day植树节
Bio-diversity生物多样性
Trans-Century Cross-China Environmental Protection Tour中华环保世纪行Immediate interest短期利益
Long-term interest长远利益
To lumber采伐（动）
Lumbering采伐（名）
Renewable sources of energy可再生能源
To exhaust消耗枯竭
Ecological balance生态平衡
Endangered species濒危物种
Environmental quality环境质量
Atmosphere pollution大气污染
Dust storm沙尘暴
Dust fall降尘
Smog烟雾
Green belt绿化带
Windbreak防风林
Ozone layer depletion臭氧层损耗Greenhouse effect温室效应energy crisis能源危机consumption消耗
recycle循环利用
renewable可再生的
electricity电力
energy conservation节能emission abatement减排
global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应
El Ni?o厄尔尼诺现象emission排放
extinction灭绝
atmosphere大气层
food chain食物链
pollutant污染物
endangered species濒危物种ecology生态
biodegradable可降解的ecosystem生态系统decompose降解
climate change气候变化
Green Belt城市绿带biodiversity生物多样性
心理价值
喜：
Pleased glad cheerful
Proud excited satisfied
Amused
怒
Angry mad
Annoyed
Indignant
心理价值
哀
Sad
Sorrowful
Mournful
忧
Worried anxious
Stressed
Surprised
Astonished
Shocked
Moved
Touched
正面动词、短语库
1.Play a pivotal and direct role in sth/doing sth
Key essential crucial critical important significant remarkable irreplaceable indispensable(不可或缺)...
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,y a/the solid foundation for sth/doing sth
3.Promote
4.Improve
5.Create
6.generate
7.boost
8.Contribute to…
9.Enrich one’s social/academic/professional/business experience
11.Keep society/environment/economy…stable safe sustainable defensible endurable
12.Relax bodies and ease minds
13.afford people oppotunity to
14.satisfy one's requirement for sth/doing sth
反面动词、短语库
1.Destroy
2.Ruin
3.Influence
4.Threaten
5.Hurt
6.be harmful to
7.Pose a大的/potential/possible threat to sth
8.Bring profound practical/various/countless/serious/巨大的problems to sth9.Impose an unbearable/大burden on sth
巨大的：enormous tremendous huge
正反观点对比写作步骤
一、从五个价值坐标判断正反面
二、从正反面动词库选择准备用的动词或短语
三、将动词同价值组合成一句话
四、将句子变长
五、视提纲要求确定正反观点数量
考研写作第四课
首段描述背景
二段：弘扬此品质
奋斗合作乐观
自信爱心意志
第二段第一部分
The most significant implication conveyed in this picture is that the spirit of confidence should be respected and encouraged in this age and day.
However it is universally accepted that this spirit has been devalued and will be abandoned in the not too distant future which is absolutely different from my opinion.
1essential:critical crucial central significant
2implication:meaning Topic essence core theme
3convey:illustrate indicate demonstrate show reflect
4picture:drawing cartoon photo
5spirit:attitude characteristic personality quality
6can be:ought to be must be/should be
7followed paid attention to focused on concentrated on respected/advocated/encouraged…
8in modern times:各种时间状语contemporary
9widely:commonly universally
10Accepted:believed agreed
11devalued:prejudiced misunderstood misinterpreted Ignored/overlooked…
12disappear:be abandoned be forgotten lose its power
13one day:各种将来时态
14totally:completely extremely largely enormously absolutely
15different from:opposite to,与。。。矛盾与。。。冲突
16my viewpoint:Opinion perspective belief What I think/believe/support/Agree
17in fact/indeed/as a matter of fact
18seen and heard:met/felt/found/discovered
19everywhere:各种地点状语
第二段第二部分
In my opinion nothing is more important than confidence in our daily life and it is the most powerful weapon in the face of adversities and frustrations.
人格品质的作用面
一、工作生活学习
二、马斯洛需求层次
生存安全情感自尊自我实现
三、五大方面：
经济环境社会生活身体
第二段第二部分：五种句型弘扬
1没甚么比它更重要
Nothing is more important than A in doing sth
2没有它做成事情是不可能的
Sth/doing sth is impossible without A
3A plays…role in sth/doing sth
indispensable irreplaceable...
4A为。。。打下基础
5.在B面前A是C
A:品质
B:failures frustration ups and downs adversity difficulty challenge task pain problem suffering…
C:有效处方prescription有用的良药medicine最终eventual/final选择option唯一的答案最好的武器。。。面前：in the face of
第三段
总任务：举例证明
第一步：举例引导句
第二步：举例子
第三步：将例子同本文主题联系
第一步：
Examples can be easily found in our life./around us/everywhere/every corner/in our nation/in the history... Examples showing/demonstrating/
Illustrating/indicating/
Reflecting this spirit are countless/innumerous/various/diverse.
第二步：
以人物为主道德完人---
顶尖成功
第二步的两小点
1.人物的身份介绍
2.人物的主要事迹
人物的身份介绍
名字、定位、特征、补充说明
哪些人物
政治商业体育娱乐社会
毛马姚成李宇春Obama bill gates
袁隆平
平ping long ming li
吕lu lv lyu
1.Mao Zedong is a famous and successful politician in China.
2.Li Yuchun is a famous and successful singer in China
3.Xia Yunhui is a prominent outstanding excellent essential fascinating remarkable charming attractive successful diligent and humorous popular,
pivotal critical crucial,exceptional unique irreplaceable influential indispensable…politician teacher, philosopher singer expert musician artist writer scientist entrepreneur,…in China special/professional field one’s age his/her life career society/community in most people’s eyes/in teenagers’mind…
翻译练习
Yuan Longping is an irreplaceable and prominent scientist in recent50years has achieved exceptional and
Mo Yan is an exceptional and remarkable writer in contemporary China.
特殊说明三原则
1具体时间
2具体地点
3虚拟地点
1.Yao Ming who is the most successful and remarkable basketball player in china has won countless games in Houston rocket.
2.
2.Li Yuchun a popular and famous singer in most teenagers’mind has won the championship of"super girls"in 2005.
写主要事迹的两个原则
1具体优先
2模板
雏形：取得+形容词+成就
取得achieve gain create generate obtain acquire…
令人瞩目significant
巨大enormous、tremendous/immense、重要important essential critical crucial pivotal
数不清countless
各种各样various
独一无二exceptional
无法置信unbelievable incredible…
成就achievements
尊重respect
成功success
荣誉glory honour
成绩performance
accomplishments status fruition...
第三步
将已经举的例子同本文主题联系
雏形：his success may be partly/possibly due to his spirit/quality of confidence.
come from
be attributed to
own to
第三段展示
There are countless examples to show this spirit around us.Yao ming who is the most irreplaceable and successful basketball player in this decade achieved enormous accomplishments in his career.it is obvious that some of his success come from his quality of optimism.
新托福写作讲义09
新托福写作讲义09年暑假 第一课时新托福考试流程 报名-缴费-考试流程和界面-成绩-大学录取分数线 第二课时新托福考试备考 观点1 攻克托福考试最有效的捷径是听写 观点2 托福考试全面复习的同时重点放在单词和听力上 观点3口语和写作部分是很容易得分的 第三课时新托福独立写作评分标准 第三课时新托福独立写作中文构思和文章结构 第四课时新托福独立写作开头部分 例子——提炼——中文思维模板——中文练习——英文模板——英文练习——英文模板变换 开头类型1：特训234 同意不同意：明智的父母比优秀的老师对我们教益更多 明智的父母教会我们许多生活的哲理，例如高尚的价值观、与不同的人融洽相处的方法以及理解她对他人的责任。优秀的老师则教会我们怎样为将来的工作做好准备和实现梦想所需要的技能。老师和父母在我们的成长中起着同样重要的作用，是他们使我们对未来有了一种敏锐的洞察力。所以，我反对明智的父母比优秀的老师对我们教益更多的观点。 提炼类型1：用例子解释或定义关键词1+用例子或定义解释关键词2+所以，表明观点
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北京新东方全部托福资料（词汇，听力，阅读，写作，口语还有对应软件免费版）都给你总结好了，附带全部链接，分享的同学一定是100分以上。有了它，就不用花钱去书店了。就不用花钱买软件了！！！ 词汇类 李笑来TOEFL核心词21天excel版 下载链接：(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/HorseUpfiles/month_0712/20071211_bf54b359 d01f5087df89XWGMBWh8L1rd.rar) 文件大小：84.95KB 李笑来TOEFL核心词21天MP3 下载链接：(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_0554b919 aaf1d0107749XwfVpzof7oVr.rar) 文件大小：23.92MB 熟词偏义词汇列表 下载链接：(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071016_de4fa883 10782460e1e4tiFlsNuX7uLi.zip) 文件大小：12.42 KB 老俞托福词汇串讲（网络课堂） 帖子链接：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/bbs/thread-2571-1-1.html 俞敏洪Tofel单词串讲（非网络课堂） 下载链接：(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_ef4045d5 846bcbbe1a77lCURXvPKRmAe.rar) 文件大小：48.79 MB
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写作提高： 1. 中文思维——看到题目有话可说； 2. 英文表达——正确恰当把中文思维体现成英文 细节，结构，语言 细节：清晰恰当的举例或“说明”能力；并不是一定出现for example，论据：why, what, how 结构：正常的逻辑说话顺序 不重视语言。 语言：讲究用简单的话陈述深刻的道理； 不是用复杂的话陈述简单的道理 审题：1. 问法：which one, A & D （10-30 sec.） 2. 思考什么现象导致出此题目（30-60 sec.）
思考方式：1.过去和今天对比；2.以自身为背景; 3. 细化主题词 写作： A 开头部分 题目背景：1.通过现象 2.引出话题 3-5mins 50字 主题句（开头）用肯定的语言概括文章将来结构（理由，例子） B 论证部分 1 （1）key words和题目相同（尽量保持题目语序） （2）概括此段大意（尽量概括论据） （3）简单准确 2 解释1句 3 解释2句论据：why / what / how 4 解释3句
C 结尾部分 主题句（结尾）清晰明确 递进 A & D（含有绝对词） 第1段：BI(Back Information) 第2段：去掉绝对词（或把绝对词变限定词）肯定 第3段：加上绝对词否定 第4段：TS (Thesis Statement) + 递进(取决于&不得不) “含绝对词立论文”出题形式 A is the most important. & A is more important than B. 2. A is important. 3. However, B is the same important. 4. I disagree that A is the “most” important. (1) It depends on …… whether A or B is
12月10日托福写作答案解析
12月10日托福写作答案解析 综合写作】 关于加拿大一种当地语言的保护。阅读说了几个影响语言消失的factor，听力反驳。 阅读文章： 1. 根据一个survey,当地十六岁以下才有百分之二十的人说当地话，而且在减少。 2. 当地渔业为了实现国际化，只说international话，比如说像English这种语言。因此，父母不鼓励孩子学当地话。 3. 电视和电台大部分都是用English和French播的，这对年轻人影响比较大的。所以也造成这种语言的后继无人。 听力文章： 1. 阅读中survey的数据不准确，实际收据比这个要多。因为survey 只是针对traditional的当地话，而年轻人说的也是当地话，只不过比较modern。 2. 听力说及时发展渔业也还是需要和local交易的。而local人只说当地话，所以在工作中说当地话也很重要，父母们也意识到了，开始让孩子们学。
3. 听力说确实电视和电台是这样的，但是网络媒体并不这样，人家大部分还是用native language的，而且听众也挺多的。 【独立写作】 Which option do you prefer? Travel to foreign countries when you are young than when you are older. Give specific reasons or examples to support your decision. 题目解析： 这道题算是一道老题，和今年5月29日那场考试的题目(It is better to take risks and explore new things when you are older than when you are young.)极其类似。并且，也呼应了2015年北美考场的真题。所以，部分同学对此可能并不陌生。 写作思路解析： 选择年轻时旅行 1. 丰富生活 列出细节(the Golden Gate Bridge ，The Pyramids and The Louvre)具体描绘世界之五彩缤纷。拿书本所学和实际经历对比，感叹纸上得来终觉浅。拿年轻实现旅行梦想和年老后悔对比，鼓励年轻人尽早行动。
托福IBT必备资料汇总
托福IBT必备资料 （百度文库） 本文档属于我的《托福IBT必备资料》文辑，这个文档中我列举了分类精选出的百度文库上下载次数最多的托福IBT学习资料的链接。整理时间为2010年12月11日。这样大家可节省出搜索的时间，用于复习。 另有一个文档名为《托福IBT复习方法》，属于我的《托福IBT复习方法》文辑，是分类精选了百度文库上下载次数最多的IBT复习方法。 综合 北京新东方全部托福资料 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/32acfed6195f312b3169a5b5.html 托福背景知识 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/bb6a072ded630b1c59eeb584.html [托福官方指南第三版].The.Official.Guide. 机经 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/c8abe53a580216fc700afd2f.html 新托福橘宝书(完整版机经) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/db70db7931b765ce05081464.html 托福机经2006年-2009年11月托福大陆机经 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/106dfff67c1cfad6195fa780.html 托福机经2008年 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/012aba956bec0975f465e26d.html 托福机经2008年（北美） https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/8369a76925c52cc58bd6be11.html 托福机经2009年 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/9d2f8bd6195f312b3169a531.html 托福机经2008年6月-2010年5月王京竹精准机经5.23版 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/3b1cf81755270722192ef71f.html 托福机经2010年上半年度分类机经 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/93bb3fd97f1922791688e8a4.html 托福机经2010年上半年托(大陆和北美) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/874c4760ddccda38376baf75.html 托福机经2010年11-12月汇总(钟会之和王京竹) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/87b51d4733687e21af45a9fe.html 王京竹老师整理托福经典加试题机经 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/9295a45abe23482fb4da4c48.html 托福加试机经 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f110421164.html,/view/c59de56925c52cc58bd6bee5.html
雅思 全套新东方ielts笔记 新东方ielts笔记汇总 ★【汉魅】
新东方ielts笔记汇总 一．雅思考试介绍听力： 听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语： 1. 自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言， 2. 小心陷阱。要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。 3. 3.争取主动。 4. 4.有备而来。在很大程度上可以预测。 二：写作总的指导5堂课： 1. 总的知道 2. 写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇 3. 审题，指令，展开。 4. 书信作文。 5. 图表作文。本身内容和语言。最后总的串讲。范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。 三：写作总论 1．用书面语言 2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。 3．时间概念很重要。重点在第二篇。先写第二篇（写对位置）。 4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。 2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。 3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。并提供证据。 4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。 四：作业21页task 5version C (多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局)74页task 2严格按照40分钟写。 针对十个问题的思考 1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段， 2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说 3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话 4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说 6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家 7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文） 8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for, obviously, turn out, as a result, and, in the end 英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应