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英语语法填空应试技巧

英语语法填空应试技巧
英语语法填空应试技巧

热身练习

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 4 even a few months. It took years of work 5 (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit 7 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drin k too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are 8 (surprise) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience)

语法填空应试技巧

该题型的命题形式为:在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10处空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。

1.文章的首尾一、二句一般不留空格,至少应该保证第一句的完整,以帮助学生进入文章内容,了解作者的写作风格,便于后面的填空。短文没有超出课标的生词,但可以有课标词汇的派生词。

2.文章中的人名、地名等专有名词,以及日期、数字等不能作为空格。因为这类信息如果只在文章中出现一次,学生无法根据语言线索或其他线索填出这些空格。

3.纯空格题通常考查体现上下文逻辑关系的纽带词汇,如冠词、介词、代词和连词等;给提示词的填空通常考查实词,如名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词类转换等,答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上的单词。

4.设题不以学生常范的语法错误作为考点。语法中的“偏”、“难”、“怪”等考查方向与文

章理解没有直接关系,将会偏离测试目标,从而误导学生。因此语法填空主要测试学生的语言应用能力。

做题前,首先要结合上下文先对划空句子进行仔细阅读,注意有无提示词语;然后判断所填词语在句子中所充当的成分,例如,主语、谓语、状语等;最后根据所充当句子的比较级或者最高级等。

如果句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在,考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置,判断所填词语的属性,例如,连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前,做到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的时候,往往考查介词的固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。

解题技巧

首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词;然后,根据句子意思确定填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系,确定用什么样的关联词,主要有以下七种情况:

①名词前若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词,不定代词等),很可能要填限定词。

例1.(2015课标I卷)

A few hours before ,I’d been at home in Hong Kong , with 63 (it) choking somg.

Its 此处用形容词性物主代词修饰choking smog 。

②句中不缺主语、表语,动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面一定是填介词。

例2.(2015课标I卷)

For those who fly to Guilin , it’s only an hour away66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city .

By 根据后面的car 可知,此处用介词by 构成固定表达,by car“乘坐汽车”。

③若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能填连词。

例3.(2014课标I卷)

But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months .

Or 根据句意可知,a few days 与a few months 之间为并列关系,因为这是在否定句中,所以用or 连接。

④若两句之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,很可能填并列连词、从属连词或定语从句与名词性从句的连接词等。

例4.(2015课标I卷)

I’d skipped nearby Guilin , a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings .

That/which 分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以用that 或which来引导。

例5.(2014课标II卷)

There were many people waiting at the bus stop , 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed .

and前后两个句子之间是并列关系,因此使用and连接。

⑤若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是圆形,特别是与上下文的时态不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does , did 等)。

例6.(2014课标II卷)

68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?

Did 这是一个一般疑问句,谓语动词是实义动词lose,因此应该使用助动词;结合地点状语at the last stop 确定使用一般过去时。

⑥缺主语或宾语,很可能填代词或名词(代词考的更多)

例7.(2015.广东)

Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of cow was a bit of luck .

him 分析句子结构可知,此处缺少的是occurred to的宾语,根据上文内容可知,应该用代词him指代上文提到的约翰逊。

⑦由特殊的句式结构来判断空格处应填的词。这些特殊句式有:强调句、倒装句、it用作形式主语或形式宾语、so/such...that句型和more...than...等。

例8.(2014.上海)

Not until I returned(32) _____I reailze that a quiet town life was the best for me .

Did 这是一个部分倒装句式,通常需要把主句的系动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前面;结合上下文可知,此处应使用一般过去时,所以用did.

2.给出动词提示词填空的解题技巧

①若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若句中缺少谓语动词,就要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。

例9.(2015课标I卷)

It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn .

Arrived 分句子结构可知,此处为时间状语从句中的谓语动词,根据主句的谓语was raining 可知,此处用一般过去时。

例10.(2015课标I卷)

Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful .

is 句子的主语是Yangshuo,该句描述的是客观事实,所以此处的谓语动词用一般现在时,且为单数形式。

②若句中已有谓语动词,又不缺少并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式,还是用不定式形式。

例11.(2015课标I卷)

A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world .

Conducted 分析句子结构可知,该句的谓语动词是names,所以此处为非谓语动词,study与conduct之间存在被动关系,所以用过去形式作后置定语。

例12.(2015课标II卷)

When a new day breaks , the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day...

To cool根据前面的are now cold enough可知,此处用不动词形式做结果状语。

3.词类转换题的解题技巧

根据该词所做句子成分确定所给单词的哪种形式,例如:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式;修饰动词、形容词或副词,通常用副词形式;此外,还要根据句意和上下文的语境考虑使用形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级。

例13.(2015课标I卷)

Abercrombie &Kent , a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges

quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong .

Regularly 此处缺少的是修饰谓语动词arranges 的成分,所以用副词形式。

例14.(2015课标II卷)

As 69 (nature) architects , the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days .

Natural根据后面的architects可知,此处应该使用形容词修饰该名词,所以应用natural。

巩固提升

Yangshuo, China

It was raining lightly when I__61__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours__62__, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.

I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For tho se who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away__66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_69__(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

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语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型,这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况:一种为已给单词提示,一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究,总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。 一、已给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。 技巧一:名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例1:There are many students living at school, the__(child)houses are all far from school. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren's。技巧二:动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例2:Atalk__(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang. 句中的is是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。 技巧三:代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。 例3:The king decided to see the painter by__(he). 由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀-er和-est,或在词前加more/less和most/least,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4:I am__(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class. 此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。 技巧五:数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。 例5:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a__(three)... 从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。 技巧六:词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。 例6:Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very__(happiness). 在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词,由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un-,就成了unhappy。

[高中英语语法填空的解题技巧] 高中英语语法填空解题技巧

[高中英语语法填空的解题技巧] 高中英语语法填空解题技巧 英语语法填空被认为是一种障碍性阅读理解题型,那么你知道怎样做好英语语法填空吗?下面是小编为你整理的做英语语法填空的方法,希望大家喜欢! 高中英语语法填空解题技巧 技巧一:名词形式变化。 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例:There are many students living at school,the (child) houses are all far from schoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格children’s。 技巧二:动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例:A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是将来作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give 的不定式被动式to be given。

技巧三:代词形式变化。 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。 例:The king decided to see the painter by (he).由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。 英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。 例:I am (tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那我肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的less tall。 技巧五:数词形式变化。 数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀一teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice 例:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a

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