【最新】人教版英语高二选修六Unit4Globalwarming期末知识梳理(含测试及答案)

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人教新课标版高二选修六Unit 4 Global warming期末知识梳理

一、训练导入

I.考纲单词

写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)

1.fuel

2.quantity

3.tend

4.data

5.flood

6.oppose

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f92207107.html,d

8.state

9.range

10.glance

11.steady

12.widespread

13.average

14.outer

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f92207107.html,mitment

16.pollution

17.growth

18.contribution

19.nuclear

20.disagreement

II.核心短语

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f92207107.html,e__________发生；造成

2.go__________上升；升起；增长

3.be__________to 反对……

4.keep__________继续

5.__________the whole 大体上；基本上

6.on__________平均来看

7.and so__________等等

8.__________of大量的

9.result__________导致

10.on__________of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人

二、知识精讲

I.重点词汇

1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物phenomena(pl.)

[典例]

1) Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather. 雨雪是天气现象。

2) Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。

3) the phenomena of nature自然现象

4) a social phenomenon社会现象

2.tend vt. 趋向, 往往是；照管, 护理

[重点用法]

tendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）

[典例]

1) Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。

2) The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。

3) A team of medical workers were sent to te nd the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake.

一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。

4) Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势

3. state vt.声明, 陈述n.状况，情况；国家

[重点用法]

state+名词/that从句/wh-从句

statement n. 声明, 陈述

[典例]

1) She is in a terrible state today. 她今天心情不好。

2) the head of state国家首脑

3) He has publicly stated his support for the policy. 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。

4. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于

[重点用法]

超越……的范围

beyond the range of…

某人达不到的

out of one’s range

range oneself站在……的方面

从……到……不等

range from… to … / between… and …

5．average adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的n.平均，平均数

[典例]

1) His average result of this three subjects is 96. 他三科的平均成绩是96。

2) The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24。4、8和60的平均数是24。

[重点用法]

above the average 高于平均水平

below the average在一般水平以下

on the average平均, 按平均数计算; 一般地说

6.existence n.生存

[典例]

1) Anything in existence is reasonable.所有的存在都是合理的。

2) In the middle age, no one doubted about the existence of God中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在[重点用法]

in existence存在

exist v.存在

7.refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新

[典例]

1) When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea困时喝杯茶提神

2) Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。

3) The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。

II.重点词组

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f92207107.html,e about 发生

【典例】

1) How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的?

2) I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.

我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。

[短语归纳]

come along 出现, 发生；

come out 出来, 长出；

come to 达到；

come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟；

come up with 赶上, 提出

2.quantities of 大量的

[典例]

1) Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.

在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。

2) He drinks large quantities of water every day.他每天都喝大量的水。

[短语归纳]

A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）

A mount of/ amounts of+不可数名词

注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。

3.result in 导致

【典例】

1) Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。

2) Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败.

3) The accident resulted in the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。

4) Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。[短语归纳]

lead to作“导致”

result from 由...产生；

as result 因此; 结果；

as a result of作为...的结果; 由于...

without result 无效地, 毫无结果地；

4.be opposed to 反对

【典例】

1) All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel.所有的联合国成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争。

2) Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings.

广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划。

[短语归纳]

表示反对：disagree with; object to; be against

表示赞成：agree with; be in favour of; be for

5.on behalf of 代表……一方

【典例】

1) My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来, 我代表他向你们致谢。

2) We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.

6．put up with 忍受；容忍

【典例】

1) I'm not going to put up with this! 我再也受不了啦！

2) We have to put up with her bad temper. 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。

3) Noise is coming to the point where we can't put up with it. 噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。

[短语归纳]

put aside 节省；put away储存；put down写下

put off 延期；put out 熄灭；put up 举起；

7. so long as 只要

【典例】

1) As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do).

只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。

2) As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。

3) As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。

4) I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain. 只要不下雨就行了。

[短语归纳]

on condition that …

在……的条件下

III.重点句型

Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one

of which

is carbon dioxide. 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫“温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化

碳.

[解释]one/all/every/each/part… of which(who

m)引导的定语从句，表示“他（它）们中的一个/

所有/每/部分……”

[典例]

1) I have three good friends, all of whom have emigrated to U.S.A.我有三个好朋友，他们都移民

美国了。

2) Here are many kitties, two of which are yellow.这有许多小猫，其中两只是黄色的。

三、语法突破

It 的用法（2）

1）用作形式主语，代替由不定式或不定式复合结构，表示的真正主语It is better to lose a friend than to do this.与其这样做到不如失去一个朋友。

It is fun for her to study, but it is difficult to study and work at the same time.对于她来说学习是有趣的，可是要边工作边学习对她来说

是困难的。

It 用作引导词2）It +系动词+形容词（或名词）(+of

/for +sb)+不定式短语。若要说明动

词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，

后接for sb.。能用于这个句型的形

容词有：difficult，hard，easy，

possible，necessary，important

等；如说明动词不定式的逻辑主语

的性质、品质、特性时，后接of sb.。

能用于这个句型的形容词有：nice，

kind，wise，clever，foolish，stupid，

bright，right，wrong，silly等。例

如：

It's very kind of you to call.你能给我打电话真

是太好了。

It's difficult for us to understand what she said.

我们很难理解她说的话。

3）It takes/took sb. some time to do

sth表示“花费某人多少时间做某

事”。例如：

How long will it take you to complete the trip?

完成这次旅行你要花多长时间？

4）It+ makes+宾语+宾补+不定

式。例如：

It makes me uncomfortable to go swimming in

such a cold day.在这样冷的天气里游泳，使得

我非常不舒服。

5）It+ be+ time （for sb.）+不定式。

例如：

It's time for us to go to school我们该去上学去

了。

It's high time that Robert went to school.罗勃特

该去上学的时间了。

6）It+系动词+形容词或名词+名词

性从句（真正的主语是名词性从

句）。用于此句型中的名词词组常

见的有:a pity, a shame, no wonder,

a fact, an pleasure, a surprise, 等；如

果形容词是表示建议、命令、要求

等意义，从句中的谓语动词常用动

词原形或省略should.这类常见的

形容词有:necessary, important,

possible, strange, good, lucky,

interesting, glad,等。例如：

It's a pity that I didn't think of it earlier.很可惜

我没有早点考虑它。

It is necessary that the young learn to use the

computer.青年人学习使用电脑是十分必要的。

7）It+系动词+过去分词+名词性从句。常用于此句型的分词有：said, told, reported, known, announced, expected, believed, thought, 等。

在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的

被动句中，从句中的谓语动词常用(should) do形式。这类常见的过去

分词有：desired，suggested，advised，requested，ordered，proposed，commanded等。例如：It is said that (=People say that ) the meeting will be put off till next Friday.据说会议将推迟到下周五举行。

It is known that(=People know that ) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.众所周知，世上无难事，只怕有心人。

8）It+系动词+现在分词+名词性从句。例如：It isn't surprising that he should marry her.他娶她没有什么惊奇的。

It's inspiring that we've won the first three games.真令人鼓舞我们开头这三场比赛都赢

了。

9）It+ look/seem/appear/ happen +that-clause。此句型可转化为不

定式结构，常见的此类动词有：seem, happen. appear. worry, matter。例如：It happened that I knew which room she lived in.我碰巧知道他住哪间房。

It worried him that his hair has turned a little white.使他烦恼的是他的头发变的有点白了。

It seems that he was late for the train.看来他没有搭上火车。

10）真正的主语是动名词It + be + no +use(good，help)+doing sth.此句型中的it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，适用于这个句型的形容词有：use，useless，good，worthwhile 等。例如：It was no use talking to them和他们谈论是没有用处的。

It is no use asking him to come now. He is busy.请他现在就来是徒劳的，他很忙。

11）（在动词think，find，consider，feel，make，believe，expect等后）作形式宾语。例如：He found it important to study the situation of Russian他发现研究俄国形势是很重要的。

We consider it not useful to do it.我们认为做那事是没有用的。

This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.这就使得工农业必须飞速发展。

12）主语+谓语+it宾补+名词性从句。例如：They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明，他们的工作不但重要而且是必不

可少的。

2.it引导的几个容易混淆的句型有：1）It +be的适当形式+时间+since

从句

这个句型表示从since从句中的谓

语动作发生以后到现在或过去所

经过的一段时间，意为“自从……

以来已多久了”。例如：

It is(or has been)a year since returned home．我

回家已有一年。(当主句的表语是表示时间的

累积数时，允许主句用现在一般时。本句不能

改为:*I have returned home for a year．)

It is a month since I called you up.我已有一个

月未给你打电话了。(本句原意是：自从我上

次给你打电话起，到现已有一个月了。)

It is already a year since she was an engineer．她

不当工程师已有一年。(不是“她当工程师已

有一年”。)

2）It + be 的适当形式+时间+before

从句

此句型中的时间一般为表示

一段时间的词语，如long，years，

months，weeks，days，hours，minutes

等。主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，

意为“过多长时间才……”，主句

谓语动词用否定式时，意为“没过

多长时间就……”。如：

It won't be long before we meet each other．我们

不久就会见面的。

It was not long before she recited those

poem s．没过多久她就背下了那些诗。

3）It +be的适当形式+时间+when

从句

在这个句型中it指时间，而且

表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间

一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动

词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上

一般是一致的，主句是will be时，

when从句用一般现在时代替一般

将来时。如：

It was already 10 o'clock when we got home．当

我们到家时已经十点了。

It will be midnight when they get there．他们到

达那里时将会是半夜。

【考题印证】

1.（2012陕西卷）13. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

A. him B this C. that D. it

【解析】D 。考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。

2.（2012全国II）9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

A. herself

B. this

C. that

D. it

【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah 今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。

3.（2012四川卷） 2. New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.

A. that

B. this

C. one

D. it

【解析】D。本题考查代词。题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out ne w products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使

得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。

【真题体验】

1.（2011天津卷,1We feel our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. one

2.（2011山东卷,24）The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it

B. them

C. her

D. that

3.（2011江西卷25）Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?

A. that

B.it

C.his

D.him

4.（2011福建卷33﹚It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into

the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A.that

B.when

C.since

D.before

5.（2011四川卷6﹚As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.

A. when

B. before

C. after

D. since

6.（2010陕西）John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.

A. when

B. after

C. before

D. since

7.（2011·河南郑州四中第一次调研）26.______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.

A. This

B. That

C. What

D. It

8.（2011陕西宝鸡质量检测）___ felt funny watching myself on TV.

A. One

B. This

C. It

D. That

9.（2011山东济宁模拟一）_______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.

A．This B．That C．What D．It

10.（2011北京丰台区模拟一）The foreign minister said, “_____ our hop e that the two sides will work towards peace.”　

A. This is

B. There is

C. That is

D. It is

【答案解析】

1.【解析】A。考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to make our country a better place”。因此选A。

2.【解析】A。考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像，不熟悉的人很难将她俩区

分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语，代指“to tell one from the other”。因此选A。

3.【解析】B。考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严

重了以至于不能工作下去？”it作形式宾语，指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。

4.【解析】B。考查时间状语从句。句意为：2001年4月29日，威廉王子和凯特步入了婚

姻的殿堂。

5.【解析】D。考查状语从句。“It is + 时间段+since + 从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固

定句型，故【答案】选D。句意为：“正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”

6.【解析】C。考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句, 构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是：过多久才将......, 选C。

7.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是the way，he keeps changing his mind是the way的定语从句。

8.【解析】C。考查代词的用法。it为形式主语, 真正的主语为动名词短语watching myself on TV。

9.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。他不停地改变他的想法让我很烦恼。这是一个主语从句, the way he keeps changing his mind 是主语从句, it是形式主语。

10.【解析】D。考查代词的用法。it作形式主语, 真正的主语是其后面的that引导的主语从句。

四、单元自测

第一节单项选择

1. Is it _______ to you that the government is having a hard time now?

A. of much important

B. of much consequence

C. of very important

D. of many consequence

2. Something must be done to ______ the river from _________.

A. stop; being polluted

B. stop; polluting

C. prevent; pollution

D. keep; polluted

3. There ______ quantities of apples in the basket and there w as ______ milk in the bucket.

A. were; a number of

B. was; quantities of

C. was; a good many

D. were; a quantity of

4._______ we get good weather it will be a successful holiday. Which is wrong?

A. So long as

B. Provided that

C.So long

D. On condition that

5. —Go for a picnic this weekend, ok?

— _______. I love getting close to nature.

D. I am afraid not.

A. I don’t think so.

B. I believe not.

C. I couldn’t agree more

6. — Now, where is my purpose?

— ________! We will be late for the picnic.

A. Come on

B. Don’t worry

C. Take your time

D. Take it easy.

7. It was not until 1999 ________ regular radio broadcast began.

A. while

B. which

C.that

D. since

8. Can it be in the restaurant _____ we had dinner last Sunday ______ you left your wallet?

A.where; where

B. where; that

C. that ; where

D. that; that

9. —What’s the matter with you?

— ______ the window , my finger was cut unexpectedly.

A. Cleaning

B.To clean

C. While cleaning

D. While I was cleaning

10. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as

B. which

C. there

D. what

11．________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

12．Please tell me how the accident_____. I am still in the dark.

A. came by

B. came out

C. came to

D. came about

13．The accident ______ the death of two passengers.

A. resulted from

B. resulted in

C. resulted of

D. resulted with

14．It was 1969___ the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon.

A. that

B. when

C. on which

D. which

ing.

15. _______, we’ll go camp

A. weather permits

B. If weather will permit

C. weather permitting

D. weather permitted

第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题 1.5分；满分30分）

阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入

空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

About 15 years ago I was studying at a university in Germany．The people with whom I 1

most of my time were a group of friends．Sometimes we went out together for（2），but most of

．First we sat and talked and at some the time we did our own parties back at someone’s home

point during the night we 3 the chairs and tables and started 4 ．It may not sound that special when I write about it, 5 what was special to me was the 6 we shared for each other．For example，in the eyes you saw support, you saw laughter．You 7 there was always a shoulder you could lean on．

Time passed by and we all went our own ways，8 our own goals．I made my way passing Ireland and India for several years．Now just a few days ago I 9 one of my old friends again．We sat and talked and after 15 years we shared our 10 again from that time．

On my way back home from our 11 it made me think a lot．My last weeks and months were full of problems，which left me in 12 spirits．But the meeting and the sweet memories I 13 with my old friends 14 all my negative thoughts and feelings，15 me warmth and happi ness．‘At this moment I understood me 16 of helping and supporting each other in a different way．It didn’t really 17 what goal we had all together, but the respect and love and joy we shared with each other 18 an experience and memory that 19 forever．It can not be destroyed by negative feelings．No，even better, it can wipe out your 20 mood and give you support．1．A．played B．killed C．spent D．wasted

2．A．dinners B．parties C．sights D．adventures

3．A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away

4．A．dancing B．singing C．joking D．walking

5．A．so B．but C．and D．however

6．A．wealth B．strength C．opinion D．support

7．A．proved B．felt C．noticed D．expected

8．A．following B．making C．desirin g D．changing

9．A．lost B．missed C．met D．dated

10．A．dreams B．memories C. relationship D. goals

11．A．journey B. classroom C. university D. meeting

12：A．low B. high C. proud D. good

13．A．set B. accepted C. shared D. discovered

14．A．increased B. r emoved C. developed D. mixed

15．A．showing B. spreading C. causing D. giving

16．A．value B. chance C. need D. measure

17．A．do B. work C. matter D. account 18．A．improved B. filled C. realized D. created 19．A．stays B. passes C. happens D. links 20．A．good B. bad C. simple D. special

单元自测答案：

第一节1-5 BADCC 6-10 ACBDD11-15DDBBC

第二节1—5 CBDAB 6—10 DBACB 11一15 DACBD 16—20 ACDAB

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