专业外文文献翻译

附录1：英文原文

The Renminbi’s Dollar Peg at The Crossroads In the face of huge balance of payments surpluses and internal inflationary pressures,China has been in a classic conflict between internal and external balance under its dollar currency-basket peg.Over the longer term,China’s large, modernizing,and diverse economy will need exchange rate flexibility and,eventually, convertibility with open capital markets.A feasible and attractive exit strategy from the essentially fixed RMB exchange rate would be a two-stage approach,consistent with the steps already taken since July2005,but going beyond them.First,establish a limited trading band for the RMB relative to a basket of major trading partner currencies.Set the band so that it allows some initial revaluation of the RMB against the dollar,manage the basket rate within the band if necessary,and widen the band over time as domestic foreign exchange markets develop.Second,put on hold ad hoc measures of financial account liberalization.They will be less helpful for relieving exchange rate pressures once the RMB basket rate is allowed to move flexibly within a band,and they are best postponed until domestic foreign exchange markets develop further,the exchange rate is fully flexible,and the domestic financial system has been strengthened and placed on a market-oriented basis.

From1997until July21,2005,the Chinese authorities pegged the renminbi(RMB) price of the United States dollar within a narrow range.On July21,2005,China’s authorities moved to an adjustable basket peg against the dollar,with a revaluation of the central RMB/$rate of2.1percent relative to the prior central rate of RMB8.28 per dollar.

Very notably in view of the claims that China’s exchange rate policy is dictated by the imperative of maintaining an undervalued currency,the authorities resisted substantial devaluation pressures,at the cost of some deflation,during the Asian crisis period starting in1997.For some time now the situation has been reversed,with strong revaluation pressures,speculative capital inflows,and gathering inflationary

momentum in the economy.The ability to resist speculative pressures comes from the maintenance of restrictions on private capital flows,especially inflows,as well as from administrative controls useful in restraining inflation.

Nonetheless,“hot money”inflows have helped swell China’s foreign reserves immensely in recent years.Prior to July21,2005,most observers,and indeed the Chinese government itself,acknowledged that China’s exchange-rate arrangements were unsustainable and undesirable as a long-term foundation for responding,without disruptive episodes of inflation or deflation,to inevitable real-side shocks,as well as to secular changes in the economy such as real appreciation due to Balassa-Samuelson effects.At the time of unification,the parallel rate already stood at a depreciated level relative to the official rate.Revaluation-cum-“flexation”is a response to the situation, including the external trade pressures it had generated,but leaves questions about how flexibility will be exploited in the future.

So far,even the±0.3percent margins of RMB/$flexibility that exist have not been utilized fully.Furthermore,capital markets that are open to the world seem a prerequisite for a modern high-income economy such as China seeks eventually to become.The issues concern the transition.how might China best move toward a genuinely more flexible exchange-rate regime.And how might it best dismantle capital controls.And how might it optimally sequence these two conceptually distinct liberalization initiatives.

In the following pages I have four goals.First,to provide a brief overview of developments in China’s real exchange rate,external accounts,and inflation,thereby filling in some concomitants of the nominal exchange rate trajectory in Figure. Second,to draw parallels with the experience of Germany(still the world’s premier exporter)during the Bretton Woods era.Third,to discuss the rather successful experiences of Chile and Israel in transiting from pegged exchange rates with capital controls to floating rates with financial opening.Fourth and finally,to sketch a blueprint for gradually flexing the RMB’s exchange rate in advance of capital-account liberalization.A feature of the basket system is that intervention in support of the basket rate could still be carried out entirely in the RMB/$market.The reason is that

the basket can be implemented entirely through a variable RMB/$exchange rate target.As a technical matter,the band could be redefined each morning using the exchange dollar rates prevailing earlier that day in the Tokyo markets.Or it could be updated more frequently.The decision to peg to a basket is also separable in principle from the decision on the denomination of foreign-currency reserves.Diversification of official reserves in line with the basket weights would serve to stabilize the value of reserves in terms of RMB,but is not otherwise a necessary adjunct of a basket peg system.

Once market forces are given greater play in determining the day-to-day value of the RMB/$rate,the RMB might well move initially to the strong edge of any band that was established.For that reason,it is important that the existing capital flow controls not be dismantled until the exchange rate bands have been widened to the point where a managed float has been achieved.The move to a currency band,a band that could be widened over time,would render superfluous some of the ad hoc liberalization measures that have been deployed to ease exchange-rate pressures. Many discussions make insufficient distinction between enhanced exchange flexibility,which can be achieved(with less currency volatility)under restricted international financial flows,and openness of the financial account.The two are completely different,and a less risky sequencing would tackle the full gradual relaxation of financial-account controls only after the achievement of a good degree of exchange-rate flexibility.Eichengreen(2005)and Prasad,Rumbaugh,and Wang (2005)lay out the case for this sequencing in greater detail.The manifest hazards of opening to inflows in the current setting of domestic banking-system weakness furnishes one of the most compelling arguments for placing further decontrol of the financial account on the back burner.In the face of huge balance of payments surpluses and internal inflationary pressures,China has been in a classic conflict between internal and external balance under its dollar currency peg.

Over the longer term,China’s large,modernizing,and diverse economy will need exchange rate flexibility,and eventually,currency convertibility with open capital markets.A feasible and attractive exit strategy from the essentially fixed RMB

exchange rate would be the following two-stage approach,consistent with the steps already taken since July2005,but going beyond them:

Establish a limited trading band for the RMB relative to a basket of major trading partner currencies.Set the band so that it allows some initial revaluation of the RMB against the dollar.Manage the basket rate within the band if necessary,and widen the band over time as domestic foreign exchange markets develop.Possibly allow a trend crawl in the band to accommodate long-run real exchange rate changes due to structural changes along Balassa-Samuelson lines.

Put on hold ad hoc measures of financial account liberalization.They will be less helpful for relieving exchange rate pressures once the RMB/basket rate is allowed to move flexibly within a band,and they are best postponed until domestic foreign exchange markets develop further,the exchange rate is fully flexible,and the domestic financial system has been strengthened and placed on a market-oriented basis.Only a resilient financial sector will be able to withstand the occasional sharp interest-rate changes that the monetary authorities may find necessary–whether they are responding to incipient unwanted exchange-rate movements or to domestic inflationary pressures.

附录2：中文译文

人民币汇率在十字路口

面对巨大的收支盈余和内部通货膨胀的压力，中国一直处在一个经典的其货币盯住一篮子货币的汇率机制下的内部和外部平衡之间的冲突。长远看来，中国的大型现代化和多元化的经济将需要汇率灵活性，并最终开放资本市场的可兑换。一个可行的和有吸引力的出口战略，从本质上固定人民币汇率将会是一个两阶段的方法，一致与2005年7月以来已经采取步骤，但超越他们。首先,为与人民币有关的一篮子主要贸易伙伴的货币建立一个有限的交易带。建立传送带，以便允许一些人民币对美元原始的估价，如果有必要，可以再这个地带管理一篮子货币汇率，随着国内外汇市场的发展，还可以拓宽这个地带。第二,暂缓特设金融市场自由化措施。他们将很难帮助缓解人民币汇率升值压力，一旦人民币汇对一篮子汇率可以允许在一个地带灵活移动，最好推迟直到国内外汇市场进一步发展，汇率完全灵活，国内的金融体制加强,并放在一个以市场为导向的基础之上。

从1997年到2005年7月21日，中国当局把用美元表示的人民币的价值限制在一个较窄的范围内。2005年7月21日，中国当局开始实行兑美元的可调节的一篮子货币的汇率,相对于之前的中间价8.28元/美元，人民币对美元汇率升值2.1%。

在从1997年开始的亚洲金融危机期间，他们很明显针对宣称中国汇率政策被称作是维持一个被低估的货币,当局抵抗实质性的贬值压力,以通货紧缩为代价。一段时间以来，形势已经逆转,人民币具有较强的升值压力,投机资本流入,并在经济中聚集了通货膨胀的势头。能够抵御来自维护限制私人资本流动的投机压力,以及从行政管制有效地抑制通货膨胀，尤其是资本的流入。

尽管如此,在最近的几年里，“热钱”的流入加剧了中国外汇储备的极大的膨胀。在2005年7月21日之前,大多数观察家，事实上，中国政府本身，承认中国的汇率安排作为长期的基础是不能成立的，不和需要的，没有破坏性的发作的通货膨胀或通货紧缩,必然是真正几个方面的冲击，以及对经济的长期变化，比如说由于巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应引起的长期的增值。在联合的时候,

平行汇率已达到一个相对于贬值官方利率水平。附带增长的货币增长是一种情

境化的反应，包括对外贸易已经产生的压力，但是遗留下来关于如何开发未来

的灵活性的问题。

到目前为止，甚至人民币对美元的汇率弹性±0.3%的利润还没有被充分利用。此外，资本市场对世界开放似乎是一种现代高收入经济的前提，比如中国

寻求最终的实现。这个问题涉及到中国如何更好地向真正的更好的更灵活的汇

率机制转变，它将如何最好的废除资本控制，它将如何最佳优化那两个概念性

的明显的自由化的主动权序列。

在接下来的文章中我有四个目标。首先，提供一个简要概述，关于中国实

际汇率的发展、外部账户和通货膨胀,从而填充一些与名义汇率共存的轨迹图。第二,画出德国的经验(仍然是世界首要的出口商)在布雷顿森林体系时代的经验。第三,讨论了智利和以色列人从固定汇率和资本管制到浮动利率金融开放成功

的经验。第四,最后勾画出逐渐弯曲的人民币汇率转移到了资本帐户自由化之

前的蓝图。一篮子货币汇率制度的一个特征是介入以支一篮子货币汇率能够继

续执行人民币/美元完全市场。究其原因是，一篮子货币能够完全地实现，通过一个可变的人民币/美元汇率目标。作为一个技术问题,这个地带能被重定义每

天早上使用的在东京市场上的前一天的兑换美元的汇率。或者，这也可能被更

频繁地更新。紧盯住一篮子货币的决定也是可以分离的原则上也可从外汇储备

的等级决定。官方储备的多样化与一篮子货币的重要性相一致能够服务于人民

币储备价值的稳定，而不是盯住一篮子货币体系的必要的辅助。

一旦市场力量决定了参加日常的更大价值人民币/美元汇率,人民币或许能

够首先更好地移动到任何确定的边缘地带。因此，重要的是要从现有资本流量

控制被取消,直到达到有管理的浮动被拓宽了汇率边缘的地步。向货币边缘的移动，一个随着时间的推移能够被拓宽的边缘，也许会导致一些多余的特设的部

署缓解汇率的压力的自由化措施。许多讨论使区分外汇灵活性增强不足,就可

以实现(用较少的汇率波动)在限制国际金融流动和开放性金融帐户。这两者是

完全不同的,一个风险较小的次序将解决逐渐放松金融账户充分的控制只能在

实现一个较高的汇率的灵活性的很高的自由度之后。格林(2005年)和普拉萨德，鲁姆博夫，王建民(2005)展示出更详细的细节的问题。在现在的环境下，明显

的障碍开放流动表现在危害流入国内当前设置国立银行弱点提供的一个最令人

信服的论据下单进一步的取消金融账户暂时搁置。面对巨大的收支盈余和内部通胀压力,中国一直在一个经典的内部和外部平衡之间的冲突在它的美元货币盯住美元的汇率机制。

长远看来,中国的大型现代化和多元的经济需要汇率灵活性,最终,货币兑换开放资本市场。一个可行的和有吸引力的退出策略从本质上是固定的人民币汇率将下列两阶段方法,符合2005年7月以来的步骤已经采取，但可能超越他们。

建立一个与人民币相关的一篮子货币相关的主要交易合作伙伴的货币的有限交易带。设置一个边缘带以便它允许人民币对美元汇率的货币升值。在可能的情况下于边缘地带管理一篮子货币汇率,如果有必要，可以随时间流逝拓宽边缘带,依照国内外汇市场发展。可能使得趋势中变动，由于调整长期的实际的汇率变动所致沿着萨谬尔森线结构变化。

搁置的临时措施金融账户自由化。他们将会减少帮助缓解压力一旦人民币对一篮子货币汇率是允许在一个边缘带灵活移动，他们最好推迟到国内外外汇市场进一步发展，汇率是完全灵活，国内金融系统已经增强，放置在一个以市场为导向依据。只有有弹性的金融部门能够承受偶尔锋利利率调整，货币当局是否会发现有必要的——他们因应汇率变化或不必要的初期国内通货膨胀的压力。

中英文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献及译文 英文题目Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 中文题目模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统 学院自动化与电气工程学院 专业自动控制 姓名葛彦宁 学号 200808746 指导教师贺清 2012年5月30日

Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 1 Introduction Signal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept：we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields. 2 Railways signal interlocking system 2.1 Functions of signal interlocking system The basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation. Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System. 2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking system Generally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system

英文文献翻译

中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。

外文翻译 - 英文

The smart grid Smart grid is the grid intelligent (electric power), also known as the "grid" 2.0, it is based on the integration, high-speed bidirectional communication network, on the basis of through the use of advanced sensor and measuring technology, advanced equipme nt technology, the advanced control method, and the application of advanced technology of decision support system, realize the power grid reliability, security, economic, efficient, environmental friendly and use the security target, its main features include self-healing, incentives and include user, against attacks, provide meet user requirements of power quality in the 21st century, allow all sorts of different power generation in the form of access, start the electric power market and asset optimizatio n run efficiently. The U.S. department of energy (doe) "the Grid of 2030" : a fully automated power transmission network, able to monitor and control each user and power Grid nodes, guarantee from power plants to end users among all the nodes in the whole process of transmission and distribution of information and energy bi-directional flow. China iot alliance between colleges: smart grid is made up of many parts, can be divided into:intelligent substation, intelligent power distribution network, intelli gent watt-hourmeter,intelligent interactive terminals, intelligent scheduling, smart appliances, intelligent building electricity, smart city power grid, smart power generation system, the new type of energy storage system.Now a part of it to do a simple i ntroduction. European technology BBS: an integration of all users connected to the power grid all the behavior of the power transmission network, to provide sustained and effective economic and security of power. Chinese academy of sciences, institute of electrical: smart grid is including all kinds of power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution network, power equipment and storage equipment, on the basis of the physical power grid will be modern advanced sensor measurement technology, network technology, communication

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总

华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计（论文）附件 外文文献翻译 学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊 所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰 原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日

红外遥控系统 摘要 红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低，小型化，传输速率快，点对点安全传输，不受电磁干扰等特点，可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送，在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值，目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术，在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。 本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号，主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调，其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息，由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。 关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。 1 绪论

计算机网络-外文文献-外文翻译-英文文献-新技术的计算机网络

New technique of the computer network Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the computer network technique of representative techniques this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study. Therefore, control this technique and then seem to be more to deliver the importance. Now I mainly introduce the new technique of a few networks in actuality live of application. keywords Internet Network System Digital Certificates Grid Storage 1. Foreword Internet turns 36, still a work in progress Thirty-six years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress. University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the network to reduce Spam (junk mail) and security troubles. All the while threats loom: Critics warn that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today. Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Klein rock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.

外文翻译computerprogram英文.doc

Computer Program 1 Introduction Computer Program, set of instructions that directs a computer to perform someprocessing function or combination of functions. For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer reads the program, and then follow the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the computer. Programs fall into two major classes: application programs and operating systems. An application program is one that carries out somefunction directly for a user, such as word processing or game-playing. An operating system is a program that manages the computer and the various resources and devices connected to it, such as RAM,hard drives, monitors, keyboards, printers, and modems,so that they maybe used by other programs. Examples of operating systems are DOS, Windows 95, OS\2, and UNIX. 2 Program Development Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code— a format that the operating system

外文文献及翻译

文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fa6779014.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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变电站_外文翻译_外文文献_英文文献_变电站的综合概述

英文翻译 A comprehensive overview of substations Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life. Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption.Substation system if a link failure, the system will protect the part of action. May result in power outages and so on, to the production and living a great disadvantage. Therefore, the substation in the electric power system for the protection of electricity reliability,