10月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析

全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题

课程代码：00830

Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.

(2%×10=20%)

1. The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages

such as .

A. Chinese

B. English

C. Chinese and English

D. English and French

2. V oicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of .

A. the velum

B. the vocal cords

C. the glottis

D. the uvula

3. The words that contain only one morpheme are called .

A. bound morphemes

B. affixes

C. free morphemes

D. roots

4. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called .

A. phase structure rules

B. syntactic rules

C. lexical rules

D. transformational rules

5. The naming theory was proposed by .

A. the Greek scholar Plato

B.

C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards

C. the British linguist J. Firth

D. the American linguist L. Bloomfield

6. Speech act theory was first proposed by .

A. John Austin

B. John Searle

C. Noam Chomsky

D. John Firth

7. linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time,

without reference to earlier or later stages.

A. Diachronic

B. Synchronic

C. Historical

D. Comparative

8. Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a church

sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.

A. registers

B. styles

C. dialects

D. accents

9. is the study of language in relation to the mind.

A. Psycholinguistics

B. Sociolinguistics

C. Linguistics

D. Semantics

10. In general, children’s holophrastic sentences begin .

A. in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year

1

B. in the second half of the second year

C. between two and three years old

D. between four and five years old

Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)

11. Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary v symbols used for human

communication.

12. To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called

d ar

e added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar

sounds.

13. The meaning of a compound is often i ,not always being the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

14. The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a m clause.

15. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into

meaning components, called s features.

16. C is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the

speaker and the hearer.

17. The major phonological change in the history of English known as the Great V owel Shift

involves seven long, or t , vowels of Middle English.

18. Certain words in all societies are considered t -- they are forbidden or to be avoided.

19. It’s known that specialized linguistic and perceptual skills are each localized in a particular

hemisphere of the brain. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l .

20. C speech refers to the simple, modified speech used by parents, baby-sitters, etc. when

they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.

Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%) 21.( ) According to Chomsky, a speaker can produce and understand an unlimited number

of sentences because he possesses an internalized set of rules about his language. 22. ( ) Phonological rules are not language specific, i.e. once proved to be valid, they can

be applied to all languages.

23. ( ) Under the Case Condition principle, when the Move αrule operates to change a

sentence from the active voice to the passive voice, it can move a noun phrase to any

Case receiving position.

24. ( ) Lexical categories are generally known as parts of speech, and a language has major

and minor lexical categories of a finite set.

25. ( ) A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed.

26. ( ) All illocutionary acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the

same illocutionary point.

2

27. ( ) Borrowing occurs when one language takes a word or morpheme from another

language and adds it to its lexicon.

28. ( ) It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of language.

29. ( ) Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal cords.

30. ( ) According to Behaviorist learning theory, children are believed to gradually assume

correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets

corrected and when their good speech gets positively reinforced.

Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.

(3%×10=30%)

31. cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)

32. phoneme

33. linguistic competence

34. syntactic movement

35. homonymy

36. derivation

37. idiolect

38. the critical period hypothesis

39. intrapersonal communication

40. telegraphic speech

Ⅴ. Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)

41. Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word, and modify the meaning of a stem, but usually do

not change the part of speech of the original word. Do you think it is true? Support your answer with examples.

42. What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how

the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).

3

最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析.docx

全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1

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