英语六级 模拟试卷

一．名词解释

1.施工程序：施工单位从接受施工任务到工程竣工阶段必须遵守的工作程序，主要包括接受施工任务、签订工程承包合同、组织施工和竣工验收等。

2.高填方路堤：在稻田区和常年积水地带用细粒土填筑高度达6m以上，或在其它地带填土或填石高度达20m以上的路堤成为高填方路堤。

3.透层：透层指的是为使路面沥青层与非沥青材料的基层结合良好，宜在基层上浇洒乳化沥青、煤沥青或液化石油沥青后形成的透入基层表面的薄层。

4.新奥法：它是以控制爆破为开挖方法，以喷射混凝土和锚杆作为主要支护手段，通过监测控制围岩的变形，动态修正设计参数和变动施工方法的一种隧道施工法。

5.视线诱导标：是指沿车道两侧设置的，用以指示道路方向、车行道边界及危险段位置的设施的总称。

6.挂篮：挂篮是一个能沿着轨道行走的活动脚手架。

7.时效：冷加工的钢材随时间的延长而逐渐硬化的倾向。

8.封层：为封闭表面空隙、防止水分侵入面层或基层，而铺筑的沥青混合料薄层。

9.振荡式压路机：在碾轮内对称安装并同步旋转的激振偏心块，使碾滚承受交变转矩，对地面持续作用形成前后方向的振荡波，使被压实材料产生交变剪应变的压路机称为振荡式压路机。

10.隔离设施：是指把金属网绷紧在支撑结构上的栅栏，用于组止人、畜进入公路或其他进入区域，防止非法侵占公路用地内的设施。

二．简答

1传统的矿山施工与新奥法施工的主要区别

答：除了施工原理不同外，在具体作业上也存在着不小差异：传统的矿山法中不强调采用喷锚支护，而大量采用钢、木支撑，不强调及早闭合支护环，很少采用复合式衬砌，而是大量采用刚度较大的单层衬砌，不需要进行施工测量。

2.箱涵翼墙的作用

答：主要用于洞身与进出口锥坡的连接，起支挡路基填土的作用。

3.路基土的压实机理

答:在外部压力的作用下，克服土粒间的内凝聚力和摩擦力，破坏原有的结构，使固体颗粒重新排列，彼此挤紧，达到一种较为密实的新的平衡。

4.爬升模板的施工原理

答:以建筑物的钢筋混凝土墙体为支承主体，通过附加于已完成的钢筋混凝土墙体上的爬升支架或大模板，利用连接爬升支架与大模板的爬升设备，使一方固定，另一方作相对运动，交替向上爬升，以完成模板的爬升、下降、就位和校正等工作。

5.桥墩混凝土浇筑注意事项

答：墩台身施工混凝土施工前，应将基础顶面冲洗干净，凿出表面浮浆，整修连接钢筋。灌注混凝土时，应经常检查模板、钢筋及预埋件的位置和保护层的尺寸，确保位置正确，不能发生变形。混凝土施工中，应切实保证混凝土的配合比、水灰比和坍落度等技术性能指标满足规范要求。

6.SMA路面为什么不能采用轮胎压路机压实

答：采用轮胎压路机对SMA路面压实，易使沥青结合料搓揉挤压上浮，造成构造深度降低，甚至泛油。

7.冬季桥梁混凝土施工要点

答:(1)在保证混凝土必要和易性的同时，尽量减少用水量，采用较小水灰比，这样可以大大促进混凝土的凝固速度，有利于抵抗混凝土的早期冻结。

（2）增加拌合时间，比正常情况下增加50%-100%，使水泥的水化作用加快，并使水泥的发热量增加以加速凝固。

（3）适当采用活性较大，发热量较高的快硬水泥、高强度等级水泥拌制混凝土。

（4）将拌合水甚至骨料加热，提高混凝土的初始温度，使混凝土在养护措施开始前不致冰冻。（5）掺用早强剂，加速混凝土强度的发展，并降低混凝土内水溶液的冰点，防止混凝土早期冻结。（6）用蒸汽养护，暖棚发，蓄热法和电热法等提高养护温度。

8.路基或路面基层在什么情况下容易发生弹簧情况

答：同一类土，其最佳含水量随着压实功的加大而减小，而最大干密度则随压实功的加大而增大，当土偏湿时，增大压实对提高土的密度则收效甚微，而且还有可能引发路基“弹簧现象”。

9.桥涵构造物处的填筑主要有哪些注意事项

答：（1）回填土工作必须在隐蔽工程验收合格后进行。

（2）桥涵及其他构造物处的填料，除设计文件另有规定外，应采用沙类土或渗水土。

（3）桥涵及其他构造物处的填土，应适时分层回填压实，回填土时对桥涵圬工的强度等要求应按照《公路桥涵施工技术规范》有关规定办理。（4）桥涵填土的范围：台背填土顺路缘方向长度，顶部为距翼墙尾端不小于台高加2m；底部距基础内线不小于2m，拱桥台背填土长度不应小于台高的3~4倍；涵洞填土长度每侧不应小于2倍孔径长度。

（5）桥台背后填土宜与锥坡填土同时进行。

（6）涵洞缺口填土，应在两侧对称均匀分层回填

压实。如机械回填，则涵台胸腔部分及检查井周

围应先用小型压实机械压实填好后，方可用机械

进行大面积回填。

（7）涵顶面填土压实厚度大于50cm时，方可通

过重型机械和汽车。

（8）挡墙填料宜选用砾石土或砂类土。墙趾部分

的基坑，应及时回填压实，并做成向外倾斜的横

坡，填土过程中，应防止水的浸害，回填结束后，

顶部应及时封闭。

（9）回填土应分层填筑并严格控制含水量，分层

松铺厚度小于20cm，当采用小型夯具时，一级以

上的公路松铺厚度不宜大于15cm，并应充分(夯）

实。

10.钢筋混凝土构件保护层厚度在施工中是如何

保证的

答:钢筋混凝土保护层指从受力钢筋的外边缘

到构件混凝土的外边缘之间的距离，对钢筋起保

护作用，使钢筋不被腐蚀，它是根据能同时满足

耐久性和钢筋粘结锚固这两方面的要求规定的。

在施工前，应针对不同的工程部位，根据设计图

纸及施工验收规范，确定正确的钢筋保护层，在

施工过程中，施工单位的技术人员应熟悉图纸及

规范要求，注意模板的制作和安装，模板安装要

稳定，避免失稳偏模，严格控制钢筋的绑扎成型

工序，严格控制安装，绑扎钢筋的垫块，在混凝

土浇筑振捣过程中注意成品保护控制。

三、

四、论述题

1.大体积无圬工混凝土施工时最容易发生甚么病

害？如何避免

答：大体积无圬工混凝土施工时最易发生水化热

过高导致混凝土因内外温差引起裂缝

（1）用改善集料级配、降低水灰比、参加混合材

料与外加剂、掺入片石等方法减少水泥用量。

（2）采用水化热低的水泥。

（3）减小浇筑层厚度，加快混凝土散热速度。

（4）混凝土用料应避免日光暴晒，以降低初始温

度。

（5）在混凝土内埋设冷却管通水冷却。

2.软土地基的加固方法

答：（1）塑料排水板法利用带有孔道的板状物

体，插入土中形成竖向排水通道，改善地基的排

水条件。（2）砂井利用高压射水、爆破等在地

基中形成孔眼，再向孔眼中灌砂，形成砂柱加固

方式（3）袋装砂井利用透水性良好的网状织物

制作的袋子，装满砂子，沉入井内的软土地基进

行加固（4）排水砂垫层在路堤底部铺设一层较

薄的砂层，促进软土地基排水固结（5）土工织物

（6）预压采用正确的预压措施是达到预期固结

效果的重要保障（7）挤密砂桩利用冲击或振动，

将砂、石等挤入软土地基中，提高地基抗剪强度，

减少沉降（8）生石灰桩（9）加固土桩利用

工程钻机，将旋喷注浆管置入预定的地基加固深

度（10）换土将路堤下的部分或全部软土，换

成强度较高的粘性土或砂等渗水性材料（11）反

压护道运用力学平衡来保持路基的稳定

3.弯道、交叉路口处如何碾压沥青混凝土？

答：碾压弯道或交叉路口时，容易在铺层料上产

生剪切力。剪切力会导致材料产生位移，因此可

采用下列方法碾压：

（1）从弯道内侧或较低的一边开始碾压，以利于

形成一个良好的支承面

（2）尽可能直线碾压，避免在弯道上换向

（3）可采用缺角式碾压，并逐一转换压道

（4）不要在没有压实的混合料上换向

（5）转向应与速度配合，行驶很慢时不应较快转

向

（6）尽可能采用振动压实以减少剪切力

4.同一路段上用到不同性质的填料时应注意事项

有哪些？

答：不同性质的填料，应水平分层、分段填筑，

分层压实，并严格控制碾压最佳含水量。当采用

透水性不良的土填筑路堤时，应严格控制其含水

量偏差在最佳含水量的正负2%之内。在同一水平

层上，路堤的全宽范围内应采用同一种填料，不

得混合填筑。每种填料的填筑层压实后的连续层

厚度不宜小于500mm。填筑至路床顶面最后一层

时，压实后的厚度应不小于100m。

5.振动压实的机理？振动式压路机的压实原理？

振动式压路机对土质有何适应性

答：（1）振动压实机理：振动机械在土层表面按

照一定频率振动，土颗粒发生相对位移而达到紧

密状态，从而改变土层的力学性质，提高路面强

度，从而达到压实的目的

（2）振动式压路机的压实机理：振动式压路机在

碾压过程中在通过自重碾压的同时，还借助钢轮

的振动作用于路面，克服土颗粒间的内聚力和摩

擦力，破坏原有的结构，固体颗粒重新排列更紧

密，达到新的压实状态。

（3）振动式压路机对土质的适应性：振动式压路

机单位碾压力大，振动影响深，增加了压实深度，

减少压实遍数，比一般压路机提高功率，节省了

动力。

6.半刚性基层混合物采用厂拌法施工碾压工艺流

程

答：（1）稀释固化剂根据土的天然含水率确定

稀释液浓度

（2）沥青混合料的拌制在拌合厂内，采用拌合

机械，将一定级配的矿料和沥青加热拌合

（3）运输热拌沥青混结合料采用自卸车运至

现场，推土机摊铺

（4）摊铺采用沥青混凝土摊铺机进行摊铺

（5）压实成型采用压路机对摊铺好的沥青混合

料进行压实整平

（6）覆盖养生用塑料薄膜及时覆盖养生

四．

五．填空

1.桥梁按受力分为哪几种类型（梁式桥）（拱式

桥）（钢架桥）（吊桥）

2.压路机每次碾压重叠是两轴两轮（25-30cm）三

轮三轴（1/3压实轮宽度）三轮两轴（1/3-1/2

压实轮宽度）

3.土石混合料做路基填料时压路机械为（自重不

小于18t的振动压路机）

4.山坡路基上方的截水沟距路堤坡脚满足（≥2m）

路堑坡顶外的截水沟，有弃土堆时，应设于弃土

堆以外；无弃土堆时，距路堑顶边缘至少应为5m

5.施工现场气温（≥30℃）为高温施工

6.半刚性材料的缺点当沥青路面较薄时容易形成

（拉伸破坏）影响路面施工质量

7.厂拌法施工拌合机械为（强制式拌合机、双卧

轴桨叶式拌合机）

8.热拌沥青混合料路面应待摊铺层完全自然冷

却，混合料表面温度低于（50°）后，方可开放

交通

9.在施工无体系转换的桥梁上部结构施工方法是

（平转和竖转、平竖结合转体），施工中又分为（有

平衡重）和（无平衡重）两种方式

10.装配式T梁在钢筋骨架焊接时发生翘曲，采取

措施（采用双面焊缝）

11.预应力钢筋张拉控制为（千斤顶的油压）和（钢

筋的伸长率）两方面

12.隧道施工防水以（施工缝防水）和（变形缝防

水）为重点，采取（截、堵、排）原则

13.沥青混合料拌合设备根据工艺流程可分为（间

歇强制式）和（连续滚筒式）

六．判断题

1.交通标志不能侵入道路建筑的净宽，标志板的

内侧边缘线距行车道的边缘应不小于（25cm）

（√）

2.道路标线约1.5cm-2.0cm （x）

3.铲运机在干燥的粉砂中施工作业效果最好

（×）

4.围岩压力属于隧道施工中检测必测项目

（√）

5.圆管涵一般长约2米（×）

6.V型桥梁桥墩属钢架桥体系（√）

7.工程正式施工前，建设单位向施工单位交桩

（×）

8.公司实验室负责人应由施工单位试验检测机构

的负责人授权，从事试验监测工作4年以上，具

有交通部试验检测工程资格证的人担当（×）

9.公路路堤施工前要将土中的树根全部刨除

（×）

10.施工单位通过招标获得施工任务立即组建项

目部（×）

选择

1,那种结构不属于机构层次 D粘层

2,施工单位与业主签订合同的第一步A选项目经

理Ｂ成立项目部Ｃ施工前准备Ｄ复核图纸

３，用于指示形式前进方向的叫Ａ绿化带Ｂ标线

Ｃ标志Ｄ防护板

４，测量放线属于Ａ技术准备B物资准备C设计

组织准备D施工准备

5,路表土清除一般不小于

A15cm B25cmC50cmD60cm

6,履带推土机不适应于哪类土作业（弧石过多的

土）

7,装载机可实现哪项工作A推土B挖土C刷坡D

压实

8铲运机的运行路线A8字型B一字型C之字形D

椭圆形

9,哪类爆破在作业后形成光滑的表面,A光面形

爆破B浅孔C深孔D预裂

10,高速公路松铺厚度不超过A25 B30 C35

D50

11,涵顶增土小于_不能过重型汽车和施工性机械

A20-30cmB30-50cm C50-100cm D100-150cm

12,哪一种机械既可以在路堤上拌合,又可摊铺材

料除草除雪

A挖掘机B推土机C铲运机D平地机

13 ,水泥砼路面施工人为设置偏缝的形式A假缝

B真缝C平缝D气孔缝

14,沥青混合料_又黑又亮运输途中成圆锥状A沥

青含量过多B过少C适中D矿粉过多

15,中小跨径梁桥施工的发展方向A就地浇筑B

悬臂施工C预制装配整体式（跨径小于50米）D

整孔架设施工E移动模架施工法（小于30米）

16在土方中不属于铲土机械A挖掘机B推土机

C铲运机D平地机

17 单线隧道1、2、3级围岩，双线1、2级，地

下水干燥潮湿状态开挖方式（全断面开挖法）

大学英语六级考试阅读冲刺模拟训练.doc

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