高中英语阅读理解(七选五)解题技巧

阅读理解（七选五）解题技巧

高三英语备课组Step 1题型解读

试题模式：在一篇约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项(均为完整的句子) 中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。

试卷中题干表述：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）

选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）

注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）

Step 2 真题回访(2015全国卷Ⅰ)

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

●38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

Step 3 解题策略

七选五解题的关键：衔接手段词汇衔接逻辑衔接结构衔接

一、词汇衔接：主要是指词汇复现和代词衔接

词汇复现：复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义

词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。

代词衔接：英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地

解题，如: it , they, this , these…等。

高考链接：

①(2016全国卷Ⅰ)

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

②(2015全国卷Ⅰ)

●39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

总结：以上两道题①与②是根据解题。

③ (2015全国卷Ⅰ)

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

④(2015全国卷Ⅱ)

…When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

总结：以上两道题③与④是根据解题。

二、逻辑衔接

逻辑衔接：根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题，如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如：

⑤(2013全国卷Ⅰ)

…Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative

management.

C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service

agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

⑥(2016四川卷)

Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36

In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

A. However, women, on average, live longer.

B. The biological factor plays an important part.

F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.

三、结构衔接

根据设空位置确定不同的解题策略：

出题位置特点线索词标题句短小精悍多为名词性短语、祈使句

段首句

段落主题句

段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主

题句

段落间的过渡句

前瞻后望找启示, 即阅读上一段结尾部分,并结合下一段

内容, 看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。

段末句结论概括句

结合前文内容, 查找相同词、同义词或其他相关的信息词,

从而最终概括出结论句。

承上启下句

结合本段内容认真阅读下一段开头句, 看是否与选项句

紧密联系起来, 以此判断是否是承上启下句。

⑦标题句(2016全国卷Ⅱ)

●37

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. …

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

D. It’s delightful to see so man y beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

⑧段首句(2015全国卷Ⅰ)

●38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

⑨段末句(2014北京卷)

Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72

Watch for misleading language. …

Use your common sense. …

……

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of

view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you

receive from common sources.

Step 4 体验高考

A篇(2016全国卷Ⅰ)

Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the

alphabet.

B篇(2016四川卷)

Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36

In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.

39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 40

A. However, women, on average, live longer.

B. The biological factor plays an important part.

C. Women are also helped by their female genes.

D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.

E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.

F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.

G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body

functions.

C篇(2014北京卷)

Evaluating Sources (来源）of health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 36

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.37

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 38 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 39 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

40 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of

view.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Make choices that are right for you.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you

receive from common sources.

高考英语阅读理解-七选五6篇真题训练

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