高级英语第十三课课后习题答案.doc
Lesson13 Britannia Rues the Waves
I .
1)Britain is sorry that she has lost her dominance on the high seas. Britain was proud of being the lord of the sea for along time, but now she regrets that she no longer enjoys a naval supremacy.
2)Shipping is a major successful industry in Britain because it makes over ￡l 000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings, which is of vital importance for the country. The reasons for the success are that the British ship-owners have put in big investment and that there has been a conference fixing prices to avoid cut-throat competition.
3)The stiff foreign competition comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are massively expanding their merchant navies and doing their best to step into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies, and from the merchant fleets of the developing countries, who are struggling to take over a big share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East-routes over which Britain used to have a total dominance.
4)A "conference" is in fact a cartel, whose role is to fix prices for all the member nations and companies. 5)The oil-tanker fleets.
6)Because freight liners carry all sorts of different cargoes, so if there is a slump in" one particular industry, they may depend on others and survive.
7)The Third World countries regard a merchant navy as a symbol of their national power and have expanded their fleets at an incredible rate. Yes, they are.
8)They turn to high-technology investment. Yes, they are for the time being.
9)On one hand, Russia wants to earn hard currencies, on the other, a deeper motive is that it desires to increase its sphere of influence in the world.
10)The major problems are the Soviet Union's massive expansion of its merchant navy and undercutting of Western shipping companies, and UNCTAD, which guarantees the developing countries a major slice of the shipping trade. The problems also show that the capitalist world is divided rather than united as one.
Ⅱ.
1)cutting their way into the international shipping trade by charging much less freight rate than the Western shipping companies
2)who are determined to take the biggest share of the trade
3)Britain has important interests in these trade routes.
4) They make it more difficult to make a large amount of money when economic conditions are favorable.
5)But they make it easier to survive when economic conditions are unfavorable.
6)More and more oil tankers the world over lay idle.
7)Much of the fleet carries goods between foreign countries.
8)British companies are doing much business on the line between Japan and Australia.
9)Developing countries consider a merchant navy very important because it is a
sign of their economic power, so after they have set up a national airline, the next thing they would like to have is a merchant fleet.
10)Neither the growth in Russia's trade nor that in world trade would demand such
a rapid development of Russia's cargo-liner fleet.
11)These ships would certainly make it possible for she Soviet Union to exert its influence on countries far away from its territory.
12)When these smaller shipping companies go bankrupt, a big part of the few old industries that have been doing well and earning huge profits will close down.
Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.
IV.
1)NATO--North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织(北约)
2)OAS—Organization of American States美洲国家组织
3)OAU—Organization of African Unity非洲统一组织(非统)
4)ASEAN—Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟(东盟)
5)OPEC—Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
6)SALT—Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈
7)UNESCO—United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
8)M．I．T．-Massachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工学院
9)BBC—British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司
10)V．I．P．-very important person重要人物
11)GMT—Greenwich mean time格林威治平均时
12)GNP—gross national product国民生产总值
13)KGB—Komite Gossudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti(Committee of State Security)国家安全委员会(克格勃)(苏联)
14)ICBM—inter—continental ballistic missile洲际弹道导弹
15)radar—radio detecting and ranging雷达
16)laser—light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光
V．
1)the sea and shipping：merchant navy，merchant fleet, sea routes,the high seas，tonnage，ship—owners，shipping companies．merchant ships，shipping managers，sailing-ships．steam-ships，shipowners，shipping conference, shipbuilding boom．shipping industry，oil-tanker fleet, charter rates，tankers，bulk carriers，dry cargo，bulk—carrier fleet．shipping sectors，freight—liner services，liner— freight vessels，agreed routes，ports, shipment, liner ship，freight rate，cargo—liner fleet，sea—lanes，shipping fleet，shipping lines．
2)economy and trade：foreign exchange，balance of payments，in deficit，shipping trade，undercut，invest，grant．tax concessions，competition，oil prices，depression。crisis，demand，slump，bankruptcy，customer，manufactured goods，cross—traders，profitable，foreign currency．high—technology investment，investment，container service, warehouse，a code number，trading partners。revenue，liner trade，seaborne
trade，profit，hard currency．imports，payment，trading ties，international business
Ⅵ．
1)grab the headlines 2)were being elbowed out 3)the lion's share 4)cash in on 5)made a big killing 6)having weathered7)is around the corner 8)the pinch of poverty 9)big lO)throw in the towel 11)made up 12)a slump
Ⅶ．
1)peril常暗指近在眼前的危险，而且很可能造成损失或伤害；danger是常用词，表示危险，但不一定迫在眉睫或不可避免。
2)grants指补贴给的钱；loans指借的钱。
3)sophisticated指不仅现代而且复杂，含有高精尖端技术等意；modern按时间划分，包括现在的和刚刚过去的，时间跨度可能相当长，也可能很短。
4)ruin意为“毁灭”；affect仅指产生不良影响。
5)depression指(经济)萧条；crisis指(经济)危机，比前者严重得多。
6)influence常用以表示无形的力量，指看不见的影响；affec常指看得到的影响。
7)lease指租赁，租借；charter是包租。
8)ratify指正式批准；pass指一般的通过。
9)invention指首次发明的东西；discovery指原本存在，现被发现的东西。
10)ability 能力。指能力，常常指能把事情干好；capability指潜在的。
Ⅷ．
1)mercantile 2)fleet，shipping，marine 3)significant，key 4)ships 5)vital 6)freight 7)slump 8)grow, increase 9)lines 10)plus 11)to drive 12)coordinated
Ⅸ．
1)Oil is considered the lifeline of industry．
2)The Soviet Union has already carved its way into the trade with the African countries．
3)The recession is biting deeply into the auto industry.
4)They tried to cash in on the internal conflict of the country．
5)Admiral Jellicoe said that if something was not done promptly to stop the losses，the Allies would have to throw in the towel before the end of the year．
6)They were elbowed out 0f the competition.
7)Big trouble lies just around the corner．
8)Officials insist that the country will be able to weather the boycott．
X．
1)Oil is the vital lifeline of the national economy in many Middle Eastern countries．
2)The Third World countries are bent on developing their industries
independently．
3)Some Western countries were afraid that the oil—producing countries would drive them out of business by undercutting them．
4)The British government promised to put up the money needed to solve the problem 0f unemployment．
5)Saudi Arabia’s proved reserves of on are by far th e greatest in the world．
6)The Chinese people stood the test of the Cultural Revolution．
7)These veteran soldiers have all weathered the test of many battles during the Second World War.
8)We are still a long way from the goal of the four modernizations.
9) Many scientists and technicians are out to learn foreign languages so as to be able to read first-hand reference materials.
ll)A new telegraph building will be completed and put into service soon.
12)Iraq's expansionism was under attack from the press all over the World.
13)The military expenditures of that country increase at a rate of 4% to 5% every year.
XI.
first, were, perhaps, thousand, the, Navy, coal, in, switch, which, all, to, of, tons ||growth, automobile, wars, surge, these, and, determined, by, shortest, oil, East, western || closure, following, Egypt, after, 1967, a, known, crude
XII. Omitted.
ⅫⅠ.
The Shipping Industry in China Since the founding of the People's Republic of China is1949, its shipping industry has witnessed an enormous expansion.
In the last thirty years and more, the shippment of passengers and freight has increased by over 1600%, passenger turnover by over nine times, and freight turnover by round about ninety times. The total tonnage of ships and barges has risen by over fifty times, and the volume of freight handled at ports and harbours both along the coastline and on the Yangtze River has become more than twenty times larger. As for navigational engineering, ships and harbours, machine-production industry, communications navigation, shippment monitoring, succouring and salvaging, and the research and education involved, all these sectors have developed at a rapid rate. In the total volume of freight turnover of all means of transportation, the shipping industry ac-counts for over 40% in the early 1980s, which is high above its share of less than 20% in the 1950s. As for the foreign trade freight, the shipping industry is also playing a more and more important role.
At present, China' s merchant navy is capable of arriving at more than 400 ports in the world. China has built up a relatively massive shipping system.
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Unit10震撼世界的审判 达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。” “《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。” 由克拉伦斯?达罗和达德雷?费尔德?马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。 Unit 13大不列颠望洋兴叹 然而，如今英国的这一至关重要的产业正面临着空前严重的危机。几乎在世界上所有的主要航海线上，英国商业船队都有被强劲的外国竞争对手挤出去的危险。 船主们担心这些大臣优先考虑的是拯救英国的奄奄一息的造船厂，而不是如何拯救英国的商船队。 英国的造船厂目前正为波兰制造着24艘轮船。波兰人之所以倾向于英国是因为受到英国为他们提供2 800万英镑的资助款这一厚赠以及英国造船商将负责为他们筹集所有的贷款这一承诺的引诱。所以，当我国商船队正受到共产党国家商船的威胁的同时，我们的政府却在用英国纳税人的钱来帮助他们降低造船成本。 而那些规模较小的海运公司却没有足够的财力来从事多样化经营，它们面临着破产的命运。一旦这些海运公司破产，英国有限的几个值得保留的传统产业的一大部分也会随之消亡。 Unit3 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的
高级英语第一册课后答案
Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar I. 1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries.Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan,the Arabian Peninsula,Cyprus,Asiatic Turkey and Egypt. 2)The bazaar includes many markets:cloth—market,copper—smiths’market.carpet—market,food—market,dye—market,pottery—market,carpenters’market,etc.They represent the backward feudal economy. 3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing.Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar. 4)Because the earthen floor,beaten hard by countless feet,deadens the sound of footsteps,and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo、The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit、 5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar、The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene、 II 、 1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another 2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you e to the much quieter cloth-market、 3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price、 4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount、 5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear、 Ⅲ、See the translation of text、 IV、 1)n、+n、、seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord 2)n、+v、、daybreak, moonrise, bullfight 3)v、+n、、cutback, cutthroat, rollway 4)adj、+n、、shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware 5)adv、+v、、output , upgrade, downpour 6)v、+adv、、pullover, buildup V、 1)thread (n、) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle、(v、) He threaded through the throng、 2)round (v、) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope、(adv、) He wheeled round and faced me angrily、 3)narrow(v、) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further、(adj.)He failed by a very narrow margin. 4)price(n.) The defence secretary said the U.S.was not looking for an agreement at any price.(v.)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future. 5) (v.)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it. (adj.)The
高级英语课后标准答案
第一册 U7 Paraphrase: 1. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life and that she can always have anything she wants, and life is extremely generous to her. 2. Because I am very fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather. 3. The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me. 4. When I talked to him, I’m always ready to leave as quickly as possible, and turn my head away from them in order to avoid them as much as possible because of nervousness. 5. She would always look at somebody directly and steadily, not feeling embarrassed or ashamed. 6. She imposed on us lots of falsity and so-called knowledge that was totally useless and irrelevant to us. 7. She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking nor rich. 8. Meanwhile Dee's boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way. 9. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches. 10. He just stood here with a grin on his face and looked at me as if inspecting something old and out-of-date. 11. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way. 12. I don't need the quilts to remind me of Grandma Dee. She lives in my memory all time. Translation 1.一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。 A big fire burned more than 300 homes in the slum to the ground. 2.只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。