2014年年职称英语理工A真题

2014年职称英语《理工A》真题

第1部分词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

A. equal

B. certain

A. started

B. changed

A. eased

B. improved

6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A. limit

B. support

C.regulate

D. oppose

7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.

A. act

B. homework

C. justice

D. model

8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.

A. motionless

B. silent

C. seated

D. true

9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject.

A. point

B. result

C.finding

D. tendency

A. copy

B. publish

A. serious

B. beautiful

13. The department deferred the decision for six months.

A. put off

B. arrived at

C. abided by

D. protested against

14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .

A. invented

B. reproduced

C. designed

D. reported

15. The country was torn apart by strife.

A. conflict

B. poverty

C. war

D. economy

第2部分阅读判断

下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Experience the World in 3D Game

Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees theworld? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game thatrecreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.

The online simulation, created by the French3D design compa ny Dassault Systèmes, with the guidanceof veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)DidierSchmidt-Morand,

mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as aplayer steers them through Place Vend洀攀 in Paris.

Due to differences in field of view, colourperception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically differentfrom species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable asdifferent models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.

The game was created by using existingvirtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions ofeach animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified byadding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.

Although it was easy to recreate visioninferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, forexample, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have moredetailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and havea wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulatelarger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的)," says Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking toreality."

The rat's view also departs from reality:because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area," saysSchmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map inthe top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of theirlimited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.

The game is intended as an educationalresource and players can discuss their experience with others through communityfeatures on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the teamhopes to recreate the vision of more animals.

16. The game developed by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17.Dassault’s3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto account .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18.The animals’viewsin the software are the same as those in reality .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Dogs have larger viewing angles thanhumans .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Notmentioned

20.It takes the team the longest time torecreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21.The team is working on recreating thevision of more animals .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22.Schmidt-Morand’sfavorite animal is cat .

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分概括大意与完成句子

23. Paragraph 2 ___B________

24. Paragraph 3 ______C_____

25. Paragraph 4 _____D______

26. Paragraph 5 ____F_______

A. Rising of sea levels

B. Impact of burning fossil fuels

C. Fast feedbacks

D. Slow feedbacks

E. Unpredictability of feedback processes

F.A prediction of future climate change

27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin ___D________.

28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reach ____A_______.

29. Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing _____E______.

30.After fossil fuels are used up, globalwarming will continue for _____B______.

A. the exposed ground

B. a very long time

C. the extra heat

D. recorded history

E. previously published studies

F. rapid exaggeration of impacts

第4部分，阅读理解

第一篇The Northern Lights

The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.

The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect.

The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.

Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.

Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen

as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.

We hope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it!

31. The solar wind comes into being as aresult of______

A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.

B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.

C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.

D. a stream of particles being blown away.

32. What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth?

A. A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time.

B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.

C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.

D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ???

33. The Northern Lights are created when______

A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.

B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.

C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.

D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases.

34. Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights?

A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.

B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada

C. They are very close to the ground.

D. They are very long and thick.

35. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights?

A. Indifferent

B. Sarcastic

C. Sharp

D. Appreciative

第二篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen –and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – aphoto, say – and then pressing a key, selects thatobject. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

"The beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.

Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clickedon everything it pointed at," he says.

Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner."

While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how contentcan be cut and pasted or

drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.

36. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______

A. change our computer screen.

B. focus on anything that interests us.

C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.

D. move an object from screen with a glance.

37. Why is a button needed?

A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.

B. To choose as many objects as possible.

C. To make EyeDrop different from others.

D. To select what we want.

38. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.

B. interaction between human and computer.

C. combination of gaze-tracking with input ontouch devices.

D. generalization of EyeDrop system.

39. Which of the following statement is trueof eye-trackers for consumer devices.

A. They are costly.

B. They are available.

C. They are installed in Google Glassheadset.

D. They are expected to come out soon.

40. What is Turner likely to study next?

A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.

B. How to present the system in public.

C. How to get touch screen involved.

D. How to cut and paste content from a publicdisplay.

第三篇

A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

Post-menopausal(绝经后)womenwho walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires ontheir health and on how much time they were active and participating inactivities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)andhow much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completedthe same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity. Those who walkedfor at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancercompared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at theAmerican Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promotingwalking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy forincreasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased tofind that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a daywas associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activitieslowered the r isk even more.”

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive ofBreast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds furtherevidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk ofbreast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal

day-to-dayactivity can make a difference.”

She added:”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop itoccurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these

findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

41. All of the following factors relating tocancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

A. breathing exercise

B. regular walking

C. recreational activity

D. lifestyle choices

42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

A. women have fewer chances of physicalactivity

B. daily walking could cut the chance of breastcancer

C. leisure-time activity is not associatedwith cancer risk

D. walking is not recommended for women withbreast cancer

43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

A. head of the survey study

B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

C. chair of the American Cancer Society

D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

44. Which of the following statements is trueaccording to the passage?

A. Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.

B. The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.

C. Walking was the only recreationalacitivity for about half of the women

D. Irregular walking increased the risk ofbreast cancer in post-menopausal women

45. The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. continuable

B. affordable

C. available

D. persistent

第5部分，补全短文

WronglyConvicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story

NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition ofPicking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”

The story began in 1987, in Burlington, NorthCarolina, with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of herapartment and assaulted her brutally.____F____(46)When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant(袭击者)from a book of mugshots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identifiedthe same man in a lineup.

Based on her convincing eye withnesstestimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prisonfor two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed thedecision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to lightsuggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very likeCotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole.__B____(47)Jennifer Thompsonlooked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was theone who raped her.

Eleven years later, DNA evidence completelyexonerated(证明……清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime.

_____E___(48) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man whowas inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away,who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent.”

____C___(49) Remarkably both were able to putthis tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, andwrite a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir ofinjustice and redemption.”

Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly__A____(50)”

A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cottonand apologize to him personally.

B. Many criminals are sent to prison on thebasis of accurate testimony by eye withnesses.

C. I cannot begin to imagine what would havehappened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case

D. Another trial was held.

E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.

F. During the attack, she made an effort tomemorize eveery detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身)，or other identifying marks.

第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and Language retardation(延迟).They found that developing musical skill involves the_________ (51)process in the brain as learning how to speak .The scientists believe that could _________ (52)children with learning disabilities .

Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in lllinois .She says Musical training _________ (53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music ,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians .The ________ (54) is not much different from learning how to speak .Both

involve different senses .

She further explains musical training and learning to _________ (55)each make us think about what we are doing .She says speech and music ________ (56) through

a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem .The brain stem ________

(57) our ability to hear .Until recently,experts have though the brain stem could not be developed or changed.________ (58) Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person’s brain stem activity.

The study involved involved individuals with different levels of musical

________ (59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures _________ (60) activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument---the cello(大提琴).Professor Krause says cello have sound qualities similar _________ (61)some of the sounds that are important with speech .The study found that the more years of training people had,the more_________ (62) they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were Involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the ________ (63) of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning ________(64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they _________ (65) sentences and understand facial expressions better .

51.A.unique B.different C.same D.strange

52.A.help B.tell C.remind D.entertain

53.A.shapes B.involves C.relates D.enhances

54.A.form B.step C.point D.process

55.A.play B.sing C.speak D.think

56.A.pass https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f614685905.html,e C.look D.put

57.A.develops B.controls C.assesses D.observes

58.A.So B.Moreover C.As D.But

59.A.instruments B.ability C.types D.contact

60.A.physical B.musical C.speech D.brain

61.A.as B.of C.to D.at

62.A.familiar B.inactive C.critical D.sensitive

63.A.reduction B.improvement C.interference D.implication

64.A.styles B.disabilities C.interests D.approaches

65.A.read B.write C.hear D.change

【考试吧标准答案】

答案：51—55CABDC

56-60ABDBD

61-65CDBBC

2021年职称英语查词典的技巧

职称英语查词典的技巧 职称英语是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不允许带入考场： 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场; 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场; 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典。 此外，能否取胜职称英语，掌握查词典的技巧，尤其是合理分配查词典的时间也是很关键的。 在以往的`考试中，很多考生把词典当成“救命稻草”，抱着一大堆各种类型的词典进考场。但往往不是多数词典派不上用场，就是因为翻词典而浪费了大量的时间无法做完 ___，因此，建议:要有针对性地带词典。例如针对英语考试中的第一部分词汇题，老师建议考生带一本同义词词典或双解词典，这类词典的特点是用几个同义词注解某一英文单词，考生可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。

其次，为了节省时间，考生最好是带自己经常使用、习惯了其编排规律的词典。在以往的考试中，甚至有少数考生对英语词典中字母表排列顺序的规律都不了解，这等于把这一得力工具浪费了。 综上所述，带一本自己常用的，正规的双解词典就好了，因为是去参加考试，不是去翻字典。 对于词汇选择题，最好从B、C两个选项查起。根据美国权威机构通过对标准化考试的研究与分析，选择题的4个选项中，B、C两个选项是正确答案的可能性更高。从这2个选项查起，更能节约考试时间。 重点查阅单词的常用解释。单词与汉语一样，一个单词可能同时有好几个解释，但是职称英语考试中一般都只会考察单词的常用意思，因此有多个解释的单词只需查阅其前三个解释即可。 一旦将答案确定，不要再查询其它单词，以免浪费时间。有些考生希望能确认或是不太肯定所选择答案，往往就把4个选项均查询了一遍，不仅浪费了时间，也可能将原本的正确答案修改了，第一感觉是很重要的!

2016年职称英语理工A试题参考和答案.

2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal. A.careless B.Cruel C.strong D.hard 3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C.run D.prepare 4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

A.Changeable B.Stable C.suitable D.adaptable 5.The new garment fits her perfectly. A.haircut B.purse C.Clothes D.necklace 6.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. A.fear B.joy C.hurt D.memory 7.They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. A.decorate B.water C.change D.visit

2014年职称英语 完形填空(4) Animal's Sixth Sense

第四篇 Animal?s “Sixth Sense” A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that 1 they possess a “sixth sense” for 2 , experts said. Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island?s coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found. “N o elephants arc dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka?s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka?s biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. “There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no ＿10＿ studies because you can?t really test it in a lab or field setting 2 ,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 . “Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds … there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife. Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators. The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or 14 other mythical power is an enduring one 3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka?s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes. 词汇： tsunami /tsju:5nB:mi / n.海啸 concur /kEn5kE: / v.(with)同意，赞成 trigger /5tri^E / v.引发，触发 impending /im5pendiN / adj.迫近的 ravaged adj.被毁坏的 predator /5predEtE / n.食肉动物 leopard /5lepEd / n.豹 mythical /5miWikEl/ adj.神话般的 eruption /i5rQpFEn / n.喷发 owl /Eul / n.猫头鹰 migrate /mai5^reit / v.迁移 omen /5Eumen / n.预兆，征兆 volcanic /vCl5kAnik / adj.火山的 endow /in5dau / v.赋予注释: 1. adds weight to notions that ：更加相信…… 2. field setting ：field 意为“实地，野外”， setting 意为“环境”。 field setting 可译为“野外环境”。 3. enduring one ：由来已久的信念。 one 指代在句首出现的， noiton enduring 意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：

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