托福听力习语和词组精选
托福听力习语和词组精选
听力小词经典100例
滴答出国资讯 frank tang
托福听力中，小词或习语是必考的， 且又是考生最不容易掌握的。
现从托福听力原文中精选
100例，方便考生
复习掌握习语或小词。
1， a change of pace 节奏变换 you can ' t do these chemistry experiments all day long, you certainly need a change of pace. 2, a far cry from 相距甚远
the published book is far cry from the early manu script.
3, and how 的确
a: she ' s a good dancer.
b: and how.
4, a matter of time 时间问题
it is only a matter of time.
5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。
if you n eed my help, do let me kno w. just remember i am a pho ne call away.
6, a while back 不久以前
7， all along —直
i knew it all along.
8, anything but 绝对不
i was any thi ng but happy about going.
9, acco unt for 解释
how do you acco unt for it?
10, after all 到底 、、/
a: i ' ve just seen the -rays and your teeth look just fine, b: i see. the n there is nothing to worry about after all.
11, allergic to 对| ........ 过敏
oh man! someth ing in this room is making my eyes itch, i must be allergic to someth ing.
12, at sb ' s servic愿为某人服务
i am at your service at any time.
13, arou nd the clock 24 小时不停
martha studied around the clock for man ageme nt exam.
14, as far as i know 就我所知
15 , at home with 对…..很熟悉
she is at home with problems like this.
16, back out
1）退出
a: wasn ' t bert supposed to sing tonight?
b: yes, but he backed out at last minute
2）不履行
she fin ally backed out of her promise.
17, be cut out for 天生适合
i ' m not cut out to be a hero.
18, be absorbed in
she has been absorbed in a horror fiction. i can ' t tear her away.
19, be addicted to 对...... 上瘾
she has bee n addicted to drugs for years.
20 , be attached to 对..... 有感情
a: i ' m amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. i thought you would have gotten rid of it
years ago.
b: it runs well and i \ ve actually been quite attached to it.
21, back up
1）累积
the subway is running beh ind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. i don
t kn ow if we ' ll make the 6:30 show.
2）支持
i ' ll back it up.
22, be bound for 到.....地方
the bus is bound for new en gla nd.
23, be (feel) myself 找到自我
i ' m feeling ryself again.
24, be burned up 生气
she was really bur ned up at the n ews.
25, be hard up for
i ' m hard up for clothes, but i have a lot of books.
26, be head and shoulders above 好许多
in calculus, joe is head and shoulders above his classmates.
27，be in the dark 蒙在鼓里
a: do you have any idea what his no tice is about?
b: i ' m as in the dark as you are.
28，be stuck 卡住了
i can ' t get this window open. it ' s stuck.
29, bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂
a: i hear you ' re taking an advaneed physics course this semester.
b: i think i ' ve bitten off more than i can chew.
30, break new grou nd 有了新的突破
his architectural desig n broke new gro und in the field.
31，ben efit concert 慈善音乐会
we n eed to let every one know about the ben efit concert, but we don
ve muchamoney for
advertis ing.
32, busy sig nal 占线
i ' ve been calling david for the past half hour, but i keep getting a busy signal.
33, betwee n you and me 你我之间，保密
34，call for
a, 打电话找
tom just called for you.
b, 预报
the forecast calls for heavy rai n again tonight. aren ' t you glad we ' II be getting away
from this for a week?
c, 问
it ' s probably in the new part of tow n. we ' ll have to call for direct ions.
35, call it a day 就此结束
a: i ' m really glad our club decides to raise money for the children ospital, and'msst
of the people we ' ve pho ned seemed happy to con tribute.
b: yeah, i agree. now we ' ve gone through all the numbers on our list now, so i guess we can call it a day.
36, cash the check 兑现支票
have your sister cashed her paycheck?
37, clear off 收拾，整理
it ' s about time we clear off the desk.
38, come down （雨，雪）下起来
the heavy rain is coming dow n, now.
39, come in first in the race 比赛第一名
not only did jill come in first in the race but she also had her best running time of the
seas on.
40, come what may 不管怎样
we' ll pick you up tomorrow at eight, come what may.
41, cost somebody an arm and a leg
a: did you see the diam ond ring bill gave to lin da?
b: i sure did. it must have cost him an arm and a leg.
42, cut it out 闭嘴
i told you to cut it out.
43, be cut out for 生来时做.... 的
dr. hamilton doesn ' t feel larry is cut out for the medical profession.
44, departme nt chair 系主任
i didn ' t write that memo to the department chair.
45, dirt cheap 非常便宜
a: you ' ve already furnished your apartment?
b: i ' ve found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.
46, do with 用…..凑合;do without 没有........ 也行
you can do with your girlfrie nd.
you can do without your girlfrie nd
47, dog tired 特另U累，同义：run dow n; worn out; out of steam
i ' m dog tired these days. i ' ng workeven articles.
48, down jacket 羽绒服
49 , drive somebody up the wall 让某人发疯；同义：drive somebody out of one ' s mind
the sound of all that raffic is drivi ng me out of my mind.
50, fall back on 依赖\ a: were you able to un dersta nd that french novel without any help from the teacher?
b: i did pretty well, but i had to fall back on my dict ionary occasi on ally.
51, fill a prescripti on 按处方抓药
would you please fill this prescription for me?
52, fill in for 代替；同义：fill one ' s place(position, shoes); take theDlace of; take over say, dave, can you fill in for me toni ght at the restaura nt? i ' d like to go out of tow n.
53, food for thought 令人思考的东西；同义：thought-provok ing
there is a lot food for thought in what he had to say.
54, for nothi ng 免费
to pay to see that movie would be foolish, when you can see it on tv for nothing.
55, from top to bottom 从上至U下
a: maybe you lost your wallet in this room.
b: i ' ve searched it from top to bottom..
56, get of on the wrong foot 开始事情就做错了
i got off on the wrong foot, and i do n' t have any idea which way to turn now.
57, get a lot out of someth ing 从 .... 学到很多
the training program was difficult, but she got a lot out of it.
\ /
58, get at 想说
do you understand what i ' m getting at?
详解托福听力3大类关键信号词
详解托福听力3大类关键信号词 想要突破托福听力的难点，考生不仅要在平时勤加练习，还需要掌握一些实用的应试技巧，这样才能够更好地完成托福听力考试。下面就和大家分享详解托福听力3大类关键信号词，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 【高分必看】详解托福听力3大类关键信号词 解释说明类信号词 常见的有同义重述和举例。同义重述，常见的信号词有that is, namely, or rather, to be more exact, to put it another way , in other words，by definition等。而在托福听力中，我们经常会听到类似的说法如“this is what we call + 专有名词”，或者“this is +现象”。一般而言，这类专有名词属于某个特定的领域，如医学、心理学，考生相对不太熟悉，因此这些信号词前面或后面的内容能让能够增加考生对整体*的把握和理解。而举例，常见的就是for example, just as, for instance, 通过举一些常见或者比较容易 理解的例子，去解释某样事物或某个现象，使得其更加生动形象，通俗易懂。 逻辑性信号词 如最常见的原因、对比、转折、并列等。
对于原因，考生可以尤为注意because (of)，so, the reason, why, since, as, for等类型的词或词组，考生在听到这些信号词的时候一定要注意听后面的解释，通过现象或定义看到问题的本质和根源，这才是考核的关键所在。 对于对比，考生除了注意比较级和最高级之外，还要多注意compare to，different from……，unlike……，(not) as ……as等这些间接表达对比的词或词组，有助于在不同食物中找到相同的联系点或者在相同相似的事物中找到不同点。 对于转折，however, nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway, after all, in spite of that, by the way等则是考生应该注意的信号词。即作者最终想要强调的点，是考官喜欢出考题的地方。考官总喜欢一开始先出现一长段迷惑性的段落，分散考生的注意力，或者是先陈述一部分事实或者抛出一个问题，然后来一个转折性的连词，提出真正的观点。因此这些转折词前后是考生必须要注意的地方。 对于并列，first, second, third, for a start, for one thing, for another, to begin with, next则是很好的信号词，提示了两句句子之间的平等并列关系。 细节信息类信号词
托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力分类词汇汇总
植物学 botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶 leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生 stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝 flower花bud 花蕾petal花 瓣peel / skin 果皮 shell（硬）果 壳 husk（干）果 壳/（玉米苞叶 trunk树干 bark树皮 branch树枝 bough大或者 粗的树枝 twig小树枝 jungle丛林 lawn草 meadow草地/ 牧场prairie大 草原mosses苔 藓shrub / bush灌木 cluster一簇 （灌木） fern蕨类植物 horsetails木 贼类植物 club mosses石 松类植物herb 草 photosynthesi s光合作用 chlorophyll 叶绿素 symbiosis共 生 symbiotic 共生 的 wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen花粉
pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue 组织organ器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交 root pressure 根压 bore腔/肠cohesion-tensi on凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水 化合物（淀粉） glucose葡萄 糖starch淀粉 fat 脂肪 protein蛋白 质 vitamin 维他 命 malnourished 营养不良的 nutrition 营养 perennial 多年 一生的 annual一年一 生的 verdant 嫩绿 的，翠绿的 evergreen常 青树 conifer tree针 叶树 larch 落叶松 pine松树 spruce云杉 juniper 刺 柏；杜松 sequoia红杉 elm榆树 walnut核桃树 redwood红木 树 plum blossom 梅花 orchid兰花 chrysanthemu m 菊花 water lily荷花 /莲花 rhododendron 杜鹃花 carnation康 乃馨 jasmine茉莉
托福听力短语词汇汇总
托福听力短语词汇汇总 短语汇总 1、a change of pace 改变步调;换口味 You cant do these chemistry e_periments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace. 2、a far cry from 相距甚远 The published book is a far cry from the early manuscript. 3、and how 的确 A：Shes a good dancer. B：And how. 4、a matter of time 时间问题 It is only a matter of time. 5、a phone call away 一个电话之远，即愿意过来帮忙 If you need my help， do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away. 6、a while back 不久以前 Well， I listened to that CD you lent me a while back. 7、all along 一直 I knew it all along. 8、anything but 绝对不
I was anything but happy about going. 9、account for 解释 How do you account for it 10、after all 毕竟;终究 A：Ive just seen the _-rays and your teeth look just fine. B：I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all. 11、allergic to 对过敏 Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something. 12、at sbs service 愿为某人服务 I am at your service at any time. 13、around the clock 24小时不停 Martha studied around the clock for management e_am. 14、as far as I know 就我所知 But as far as I know， he once won the world chion at the Olympic Games. 15、at home with 对很熟悉 She is at home with problems like this. 16、back out 退出 A：Wasnt Bert supposed to sing tonight
整理介绍托福阅读中的介词短语
整理介绍托福阅读中的介词短语 托福阅读介词短语汇总，下面从两方面进行了介绍。 一、带-ing词尾的介词 barring：except，not including除...外 concerning：about，regarding论及，关于 excepting=except failing：in default of因缺少....;在缺少...时 following：after in time;as a sequel to在...以后 including：if we include如果包括我;......包括在内 pending：during/until在.....期间/直到.....为止 regarding：about，concerning，in respect of 二、成语介词 according tas stated by/ in proportion根据...../依照....... ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier
tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有 apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除....外/且莫说;除...之外尚有 as for：with regard to至于 as from：on and after(a specified time)从一特定时间开始as of=as from as regards：about，concerning至于，就...而论 as twith regard to关于，至于 because of：on account of，by reason but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有....(帮助或障碍等);要不是 by means of凭借.....的方法 due tbecause of由于 except for：not including，other than除了
高云鸿老师：托福听力考试细节题解读汇总
高云鸿老师:托福听力考试细节题解读 托福听力细节题是托福听力考试的必考题型,也是考生比较难以掌握的一类题型?所谓托福听力细节题,顾名思义也就是考托福听力材料里面的细节内容,例如事实?定义?特征?例子?原因或者结果等? 一般情况下,托福听力细节题会针对对话或者讲座的一些重要细节进行提问?主要的细节通常包括以下一些方面: 托福听力细节题内容1:新术语?概念或者想法的定义 e.g. what are X? what is a speculator? what is a gain medium? 托福听力细节题内容2:具体特征 e.g. what are the two features of X ? What materials are good for building artificial reefs? what characteristics distinguish the Ainu from other Japanese people? 托福听力细节题内容3:具体事件的原因或者结果 e.g. what causes the Coriolis effect? why does the student need a letter of recommendation? why is the student unable to work on Friday? 托福听力细节题内容4:事实或者例子 e.g. which of the following are true about X?
Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether the statements refer to Rudolph Valentino or Dougl as Fairbanks. 针对托福听力细节题的考试技巧是什么? 在听力材料中,有几大类的信号词要提高警惕? 托福听力细节题信号词1:因果关系词 比如:because, for, the reason is that, therefore, as a result, so, attributed to... 托福听力细节题信号词2:转折关系词 比如:however, but, on the other hand, unfortunately, though, unluckily, while, although... 托福听力细节题信号词3:细节信号词 比如:changes, differences, especially... 托福听力细节题信号词4:总结信号词 比如:in conclusion, to sum up, in a word... 托福听力细节题信号词5:序号信号词 比如: firstly, secondly, in addition, finally, at last... 托福听力细节题信号词6:举例信号词 比如:for example, take X for example, say...
托福听力高频词汇PDF下载
托福听力高频词汇 1 acrophobia 恐高症 Acro-高;phobia-恐惧 2 affiliate 支部;分会;子公司 3 aperitif 饭前酒 Aperient 泻药 4 appetizer 开胃菜 5 ASAP =as soon as possible 越快越好 6 baggage claim 行李提领处 7 banner 标语;旗帜建筑物禁止(ban贴标语 8 bill of lading 提货单( 9 billiards 台球,撞球 Billion和Milliard都是“十亿”的意思 10 boarding pass 登机牌 11 bond 债券 12 brainstorm 脑力激荡,集思广益 13 brochure 小册子Broke+“袖”,把袖子剪破就可以放小册子 14 buckle up 系安全带 15 buffet 自助餐
16 burglar 窃贼;夜间入屋行窃的小偷 Burgle-“不够”,盗贼永远都不会满足 17 buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权;收购全部 18 checkout 结帐退房的时间 check out 办理退房;结帐离开 19 chef 主厨;大厨注意读音有点像“学府”,现在连厨师都要学历 20 choreography 舞蹈设计;编舞 Chore 家务,芙蓉姐姐表演过个干家务活舞蹈 21 circular 广告;传单;通告传单到处发太浪费,应该循环利用(circulate 22 commitment 承诺;许诺( 23 concierge 管理员;门房“看戏碍着”,去看戏忘了带票,被看门的拦着 24 consignee 收件人;受托人 25 contagious 接触传染的 26 contractor 立契约人;承包商 27 convertible 敞篷车,可改变的 28 conveyance 运输;交通工具 Convey 搬运,传达 29 cost-effective 符合成本效益的 30 courier 递送急件的信差;邮物专递公司 Carrier 邮递员 31 crash landing 迫降
托福考试听力常用短语精选(3)
托福考试听力常用短语精选(3) I can never thank you enough. 我不知道该怎样多谢你. I can’t afford to lose... 我丢不起... I can’t believe my eye. 我简直不敢相信你的眼睛. I don’t buy your story. 我不相信你的话. I don’t care. 我不在乎. I don’t have a slightest idea. 我一点也不知道. I don’t want to be in your shoes. 我不要象你那样. I feel the call of nature 内急;急于上厕所 I get them mixed up. 我把它们搞乱了. I give you my word. 我向你保证. I have no idea. 我简直一无所知. I haven’t got the foggiest. 我一点也摸不着头脑. I know what I’m doing. 我知道该怎样做. I like the way you have. 照你原来的样子就好了. I lost you. 我不了解你的意思. I love her something fierce. 我爱她爱得要命. I may be psychic. 可能是第六感作用. I mean what I say. 我说的是实话. I must be in love. 我一定是在谈恋爱了. I was behind my paper correcting. 把改卷子的事耽误了. I was fooled by the terms. 我被这些名词搞糊涂了. I was starved to death. 我饿死了. I won’t take no for an answer. 你非答应不可. I would appreciate it. 我非常感谢. I’d enjoy the company. 我很高兴有个伴. I’ll be right over. 我马上就来. I’ll be right with you. 我马上就来. 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页 I’ll bet... 我敢打赌 I’ll give it to you strait. 我坦白对你说吧. I’ll go a couple of rounds with you. 我和你过几招. I’ll have him call you. 我会叫他打电话给你. I’ll heed your words. 我会考虑你的话. I’ll say. 英雄所见略同 I’ll see to it. 我会留意这件事的. I’ll see you home. 我送你回家吧. I’ll take a chance. 我要试试看. I’ll take a raincheck on that. 迟些再谈吧. 【
托福阅读核心词组汇总（1）
托福阅读核心词组汇总（1） 托福阅读考试离不开词汇的考核，下面小编整理了托福阅读考试的核心词汇，希望能帮助大家备考。 1. a couple of 两三个，几个 Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later. 2. account for 解释 Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance. 3. adapt to 使适应于 They have been able to adapt to ecological changes. 4, adorn with sth 用…装饰 Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations. 5.appeal to 吸引 Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults 6.apply to 适用于 Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s. 7.at best 充其量，最多 Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. 8.at intervals 相隔一定距离 However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. 9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下 A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. 10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期
托福听力分类词汇大全
part 1. 天文类 1 astronomy 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石
托福听力长对话短语：北美校园生活
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托福写作满分必备句型、短语、段落、模板最全总结
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托福听力术语解释题要这么解答
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(完整版)听力高频词汇
（二）对话地点题head for 去哪 At/ on/ in/ to+someplace 高频地点：restaurant,hotel,airport（如果地点题中有其一词出现则必选） （三）人物、职业关系题 (1)人物职业题。 高频职业：secretary秘书，receptionist前台服务员，waitress女服务生，airline hostess空姐，tour guide导游 (2)人物关系 高频关系：医患关系，老板职员（职员staff），亲属关系（多考双胞胎，母子），服务女与顾客（waitress-customer，passenger-airline hostess,tourist-tour guide) （四）动作题以动词（do,to do,doing）开头 (1)情态动作类情态词+动（could,must,have to,had better,would） (2)时间动作类（now,right now）现在进行时，在强调某一个动作（考点！） (3)建议动作类（why not...,how about doing...,what about doing,if i were you...,why do...<意为该动作do的否定意义>） （五）细节题，抓首末的细节 （六）意义解释题：重读出考点！ 三、高频六大场景 （一）library场景 1.申请场景apply v. Application (申请n.) form 申请, application letter/ the letter of application 申请信，cancel 取消，reapply再申请 2.查询check out：you can check those by index(索引). 【thumb拇指，index finger食指，middle finger中指，ring finger无名指，little finger小指】 3.借阅：book，magazine，issue期刊、案件（重大而难以解决的问题）back issue过期刊物，current issue现刊，journal(ist)专业期刊（记者），peri'odical（半）月刊，cas'sette=tape item
托福考试听力真题中100个短语
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B： I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all. 11， allergic to 对|……过敏 Oh man！ Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something. 12，at sb‘s service 愿为某人服务 I am at your service at any time. 13， around the clock 24小时不停 Martha studied around the clock for management exam. 14， as far as I know 就我所知 15，at home with 对………很熟悉 She is at home with problems like this. 16， back out 1）退出 A：Wasn‘t Bert supposed to sing tonight？ B： Yes， but he backed out at last minute 2）不履行 She finally backed out of her promise. 17， be cut out for 天生适合 I‘m not cut out to be a hero. 18， be absorbed in She has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I can‘t tear her away. 19， be addicted to 对……上瘾 She has been addicted to drugs for years. 20，be attached to 对……有感情
《托福词组大全》word版
托福词组大全
a beam of light 一束光 a blast of 一阵风 a burning desire 强烈的愿望 a cluster of 一群；一组 a column of water 水柱 a constant temperature恒温 a crew of 一组(工作人员) a crushing blow 毁来性的打击 a favorite topic 爱谈论的话题 a grain of truth 一丝真理 a great many 许多 a great variety of 各种各样的；大量的 a gust of wind 一阵狂风 a host of 许多；一大群 a household word 家喻户晓的(名)字 a mess of 一大堆 a rule of thum b 概测法 a series of 一系列 a set of 一套 a speck of 一点点 a strip of 一条 a suite of 一系列；一套 a variety of 各种各样；不同种类 a wealth of 大量的 accomodate to 适应 account for 解释，说明 accuse sb. of... 指控某人... acid rain 酸雨 adapt to 适应 add to 加；增加 add up to 总共达到 adjust to 适应... advanced composition 高级写作 air current 气流 all but 几乎；差不多 all night long 整晚 along with 一道；一起 amine acid 氨基酸 amount to 合计 an array of 大量的 and the like 等等，以及诸如此类 apart from 除...之外 appeal to sb. 吸引某人 apply to 适用于 arctic (tern) 北极(燕鸥) arouse controversy 引起争议 arrive at 达到，作出 as a result 结果；其结果是 as a result of 其结果是 as a rule 通常，一般说来 as follows 如下 as such 就其本身而言；如所指的人(或物)那样 as the case might be 或许 as the name suggests 顾名思义 as well as 也；和 as with 与...一样 as...go (es) 就...来说 assembly line 流水作业线 assume control of 取得对...的控制权 astronomical body 天体 at a rate of 以...速度 at a run 跑；正在跑 at all costs 不惜任何代价 at an angle 成一个角度 at any price 不惜一切代价 at best 充其量 at great length 详细地；细致地 at large 一般来说 at liberty 自由地 at maturity (动物)成熟时期 at most 至多，不超过 at the opposite extreme在另一个极端 at the peak of 在...高峰期 at the request of 应...的邀请 at the suggestion of 在...的建议下 at the word of command一听到命令声 at will 任意，随意 at work 起作用 atmospheric pressure 大气压力 attach importance to 认为...有重要性 attach...to... 附在...上,把...系在... attribute...to... 归功于 avant-garde artist n. 先锋派艺术家 await publication 待出版 baby boom 生育高峰期 back and forth 来回地