英美文化及其风俗习惯

英美文化及其风俗习惯

1．关于个人隐私：英美人特别注重个人隐私，他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道，更不愿让别人干预，当陌生人或不大熟悉的人提出How old are you?(你多大了?)／How much do you make? (你赚多少钱?)／Are you married? (你结婚了吗?)等涉及年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题时，都被认为有失礼貌。因此，在与英美人交往时，应避免问及有关隐私的问题。

2．被邀做客带什么?在英美等国家，如果被邀请去别人家里做客，除非遇到一些重大的节日或婚礼、生日等特殊的场合，通常只需带上一点小礼物或一束鲜花即可。如果是好朋友相邀，则送不送礼物都可以，如果一定要送点什么，也不需要买过于贵重的东西，礼物可以是一瓶酒，一块巧克力，一张有纪念意义的明信片等。在接过礼物后，接受礼物的人则会马上打开礼物，并说一些赞赏的话，而赠送礼物的人衷心地说一声“Thank you very much.”也是必不可少的。

3．在欧美国家，当你乘坐出租车或在饭店、旅店消费，进行理发或美容时，除车费、饭钱、住宿费等应付的账单外，常常还需支付一定的小费。小费的比例一般为账单的10％-15％。人们通常给出租车司机、理发师、美容师、旅馆行李员小费。但在饮食店和旅馆，如果小费已经算在账单里了，通常就不必再给小费了。给小费是尊重对方劳动的礼貌行为。

4．当你接到美国人请你到家做客的邀请时，你或许会感到困惑，不知道在美国人家里怎么做。其实很简单，大部分美国人都希望你在做客时表现得自然，你没必要过于拘谨。一般来说，美国人对于朋友的到访都带有随意的态度。他们希望你能感到轻松、舒适，就像你在自己家里一样。当然，在别人家里有些事你是不能做的，比如说，不经允许就开冰箱拿可乐喝或乱翻动桌子上的资料等是不礼貌的。英美国家，介绍互不相识的双方认识有习惯的顺序：先把家人介绍给主人，把男子介绍给女子，把年幼者介绍给年长者，把位卑者介绍给位尊者。

5．当你收到你不想接受的邀请时，你该如何拒绝呢?在英语中，有许多表示拒绝的用语。他们有的口气强硬，有的较委婉。对别人的邀请委婉地拒绝会更有礼貌，也让人容易接受。比如：“I'm sorry．but I'm busy on Saturday．(对不起，我星期六很忙。)”而不能说：“No. I don't want to go．(不，我不想去。)”又比如，你可以说：“I’d like t0 play tennis，but I have something else to do．(我喜欢打网球，可是我还有别的事要做。)”而避免说：“No，I don't want to play tennis with you．(我不想和你去打网球。)”

6．“这些东西多少钱(How much is it)?”在各国都是一个普通但重要的问题。在使用时各国却存在一个文化的差异。在亚洲的大部分国家，在小商店里向店主询问商品价格并讨价还价(bargain)是很自然的事。但在美国和其他西方国家，即使是小店，每样商品的包装上都有价格标签(price tag)。你不需询问价格，只用按照标签上的价格付钱即可，人们极少讨价还价。但是除了商品本身的价格外，人们通常还需另付商品价格5％～8．5％的消费税。

基本信息

中文译名:亲密接触

歌手:Sarah Connor 莎拉·寇娜

歌曲专辑

名称：Unbelievable

发行时间：2003年04月21日专辑歌手：Sarah Connor 地区：美国语言：英语

Sarah Connor Array Just a little bit more love

Just a little bit more passion

This is how it should begin

Skin on skin

If you leave me now

Telling me you failed somehow

Better think it all over

Just as long as love's around

Here's a true romance

Be aware and take your chance

Tomorrow I'm gonna leave you

But I am here for you tonight

Just a little bit more love

Just a little bit more passion

This is how it should begin

Skin on skin

Just a little getting close

Just a little more affection

'Cause I don't think it's a sin

Skin on skin

So we better get it on

What is here will soon be gone

When the leaves are falling

Then maybe we could fall apart

And there may come a time

When you will forget

My love is true

So baby let me show you what to do Array Don't you know that this game is to play

Just as long as it's time

Can't you see that my heart's gotta know

When you're gonna be mine

Don't you know that this game is to play

Don't you know,don't you konw that it's time

Can't you see that my heart's gotta know

When you're gonna be mine

Just a little more love

Just a little more love

Just a little more love

A little more, a little more love

Just a little bit more love

Just a little bit more passion

Oh~~

Skin on skin

元音（20个）

12个单元音

长元音[i:][?:][?:][u:][a:]念长元音时，一定要注意音的长度。学长元音时

的通病是；念的长度不够，甚至念得和短元音一样。

短元音[i][?][?][u][ae][e][?] 念短元音时；一定要念得短而自然。一般来

说，清辅音前的短元音应念得非常短。

8个双元音

[ai][ei][?i][i?][??][u?][?u][au]发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动，口型

有变化。前一个元音发音清晰响亮，且时间长；后一个元音发音模糊软弱，且时

间短。[2]

辅音（28个）

10对（20个）

清辅音

[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts]发音时声带不震动。

浊辅音

[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz] 几乎不送气，声带震动。

鼻音（3个）

[m] [n] [?]发音时软腭下垂,使气流从鼻腔逸出而产生的一种语音。

似拼音（3个）

[h] [r] [l]它们三个的发音非常相似。

半元音（2个）

[w] [j]语音学上指擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之间的音。

音标发音

1.英语中同一个字母有很多不同的发音规则，以下简单总结了元音字母的一

些发音规则，供大家参考。

a

在开音节中 [ei]

如：name plane Jane baby cake make take

在闭音节中 [æ ]

如：bag dad hat map black back

e

在开音节中 [i:]

如：he these me Chinese bee green tree

在闭音节中 [e]

如：bed let pen desk yes

i

在开音节中 [ai]

如：bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 [i]

如：fish big drink sit milk swim pig six

O

在开音节中 [?u]

如：those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [?]

如：clock not box shop sock doll orange dog

U

在开音节中 [ju:]

如：student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [?]

如：bus cup jump much lunch duck

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

2. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a

[?]

如：China another woman breakfast teacher water worker

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[e]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[?]/[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[?]

second tonight somebody welcome

[?u]

also zero photo

u

[?]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(：)]音，例如：July influence February issue

3. 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

a在[w]音后面

[?]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[a:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[?u]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[?]

come monkey love mother

掌握英语音标发音规律对学习英语很重要，平时一定要注意积累，找到其中的发音规律，发音将不再是广大英语学习者的困扰。

英语国际音标发音方法：本文为你介绍英语国际音标发音方法，助你轻松简单学英语。

[i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。是字母ea、ee、ey、ie、或ei在单词中的发音，此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。

[i] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的发音，发此音要短促而轻快。

[?] 双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放。是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音

[e] 舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。是字母e或ea

在单词中的发音

[?:] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音

[?] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er或ur在单词中的发音

[ɑ:] 双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。是字母er在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音也是字母a在以st结尾的单词中的读音。

[∧] 双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音是字母o或u在单词中的发音

[?:] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。是字母o、al、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音

[?] 双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音是字母o在单词中的发音

[u:] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”之长音。是字母oo或ou在单词中的发音

[u] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在单词中的发音

[ai] 将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。是字母i或y在单词中的读音

[ei] 舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。是字母a在开音节中的读音。

[au] 将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。是字母ou和ow在单词中的发音

[?u] 口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。是字母o、oa和oe在单词中的发音

[i?] 双唇张开岈床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在单词中的读音

[ε?] 双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。是字母ear、are、air在单词中的读音

[u?] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。是字母our、oor、ure、eer在单词中的读音[?i] 双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。是字母oy和oi在单词中的读音

[p] 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻

[b] 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻且振动声带

[t] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音。

[d] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声带。

[k] 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音

[g] 用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音，振动声带。

[s] 双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌尖抵住下龈，气流从牙缝送出。

[z]发音同s，须振动声带。

[f] 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出。

[v] 上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出，须振动声带。

[w] 双唇突出，呈尖圆形，舌后升向软颚，气息流过，振动声带。

[∫] 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，发“师”音。

[З] 双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，须振动声带。

[h] 口半闭，气息由声门出来，但是不振动声带。

[j] 双唇微开，舌抵下齿贴近硬颚，气流摩擦而出。

[l] 双唇微开，舌抵上龈，气流侧出，振动声带。

[r] 唇形稍圆，舌身略凹，舌尖上卷，振动声带。

[m] 双唇闭拢，舌放平，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

[n] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住上龈，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

[?] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住下龈，振动声带，使气息由鼻孔流出来。

[θ] 舌尖轻抵上齿，送出气流，并使舌齿互相摩擦。

[e] 舌尖轻抵上齿，再送出气流，但须振动声带，并使舌齿互相摩擦。

[t∫] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，发“吃”音。

[dЗ] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声，发“之”音。

[ts] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着就发“s”这摩擦音。

[dz] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着就发“z”这摩擦音。

[tr] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着就发“r”这摩擦音。

[dr] 舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“d”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“d”音后，紧接着就发“r”这摩擦音。

在学习音标时，以下几个事项需要注意：

1、字典的注音不是很准确的。注音只能知道单词是发什么音的；但不能知道怎样发音。要靠自己的发音实践补充这个不足。关于字典的问题，在此不推荐国内的字典。建议学美语使用Webster或Random。

2、国际音标并不准确，对美国英语来说更是如此，比较准确的音标是Webster，即韦氏音标，能够比较好反映美国人的实际发音；还有KK音标等。

3、初学音标并不需要一定准确无比。要慢慢地纠正自己的发音。

4、用心体会纯正美国人的发音。

英美文化概况之英国篇

英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。

英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西

初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc

About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?

【英美文化】各章节知识点

Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.

英美文化与英汉翻译

Introductory Remarks ①．White elephant昂贵而无用的东西 ②．Yellow publications低级趣味出版物 ③．Lame duck跛鸭：不能连任的人 ④．Disinformation假情报 ⑤．Hegemony势力范围 ⑥．Mentor保护人 ⑦．Deep throat秘密消息的来源 ⑧．Paint lily多此一举 ⑨．Smoking gun确凿的犯罪证据 ⑩．Be in high cotton兴隆 ?．Barter trade交换贸易 ?．BBS电子布告栏系统 ?．Anonymous remailer匿名转信站 ?．Cybersalon网络咖啡厅 ?．Cyberspace网络世界 ?．Online prank网络恶作剧 ?．CPI消费者物价指数 ?．ISDN综合服务数字网络 ?．OPEC石油输出国组织 ?．Mitnick affair米尼克事件 21．World Wide Web万维网，全球信息网 22．Cellular phone蜂巢式移动电话 23．Genetic engineering遗传工程 24．The economics of Cloning复制人的经济分析 25．G-7七大工业国集团 26．Reaganomics里根经济学 27．Junk bond垃圾债券 28．Face the music了解美国军队惩罚违纪士兵的方式方法 29．Talk turkey了解美国白人的伪善 30．Come down to the brass tacks了解美国工人的过去 31．Go to the dogs了解英美人破产的辛酸 32．Samaritan源自《圣经》中，指乐善好施者 33．Green Berets指头戴绿色贝雷帽的美国特种部队 34．An Eagle Scout指美国的飞鹰童子军 35．American Dream表意是“美国梦” 36．Forbes list指美国《富布斯》富翁排行榜 37．Madison Avenue是麦迪逊大街，代指美国广告中心 38．A rags-to-riches legacy是美国梦的一个重要的内容，指“留下一笔‘白手起家发财’的遗产” 39．Social Security指美国的“社会保障条例” 40．Medicare指美国为65岁以上的老人专设的“老年保健医疗制” 41．Negative income tax指美国社会的“最低收入补贴” 42．A scapegoat替罪羊

英美文化知识点整理

Chapter 1 1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts 2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants 3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three periods Chapter 2 4.Westminster Abbey 5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism 6.Henry II—jury system 7.Magna Carta 8.the Hundred Years’ War 9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern 10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII 11.two camps of the Civil War 12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy 13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects 14.the British Empire —colonization 15.Three Majestic Circles Chapter 3 16.the British Constitution: three parts 17.a division of powers among three branches 18.Parliament —the law-making body; two houses The House of Commons —center of parliamentary power 19.the role of the Prime Minister 20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court 21.Scotland —a distinct legal system 22.right/left wing party 23.a general election —every 5 years 24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states Chapter 4 25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies 26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary 27.the major trends in the British economy 28.two pillar industries of the current British economy Chapter 5 29.British compulsory education —5 to 16 30.four stages secondary education —comprehensive school further education —sixth form 31.two systems

英语专业英美文化概况之新西兰NEW ZEALAND

U1 Land, People and History Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following mountains is the highest in New Zealand? A Alps B Ruapehu C Southern Alps D Mt. Cook 2.In size, New Zealand is similar to ____ A Japan B British Isles C Japan plus the British Isles D A & B 3.The longest river of the country is ____ A Waikato river B Clutha river C Rakaia river D Wanganui river 4.The largest city in New Zealand is ____ A Wellington B Auckland C Christchurch D Dunedin 5.New Zealand’s nearest large neighbor is ____ A Tonga B Fiji C Australia D Argentina 6.In April 2006, New Zealand became the first country to declare ____ as an official language. A English B Maori C sign language D Polynesian language 7.Which one of the following is the most common religion? A Christianity B Roman Catholic C Methodist D Anglican 8. Which country is the first one in the world to give women the right to vote? A America B Sweden C Australia D New Zealand Ⅱ.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F): 1. Maori people today resist adopting western life. ( ) 2. The North Island has been formed mostly by active volcanoes. ( ) 3. There are no nuclear power plants or weapons in New Zealand. ( ) 4. Because of the gold boom, people in the North Island have been more than in the South since 1896. ( ) 5. Wellington is the world’s largest Polynesian city. ( ) Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks: 1. New Zealand is in the _________________________________ 2. The two main land masses in the country are _________________ and ___________________ 3. The first piece of environmental legislation ---_________________came into effect in 1991, in which ________________________ is reflected. 4. New Zealand was settled over 1000 years ago by _________ from __________________ . 5. In 1840, Maori chiefs signed the ______________________ to keep their ownership of the natural, and in return, to give up the right to govern to the __________________ . 6. The national bird of NZ is _________________. 7. In 1769, ________________ visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain, U2 Political System, Education and Economy Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.The two main parties in the House of Representatives are______ A the Progressive Party and the Labor Party B the Labor Party and the National Party C the Green Party and the NZ First Party D the United Future NZ Party and the National Party 2.The Head of State of New Zealand is______

英美文化概况作业

英美文化概况作业 1、what are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? Ex:课件 2、what is the role of the Monarch in the UK? Ex:课件女王 3、how do you comment on the British education system? Ex:与中国教育进行对比阐述。课本。 4、what do you think of the open University in British？ Ex:英国教育起源招生宗旨培养目标 5、how do you comment on the American ? ex:最后一天讲的，找一个点进行对比。 6、how does novel develop in British literature? Ex: 书本上，稍微动脑筋课件上总结 7、what is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature? Ex:美国文学倾教思想如何在教育中体现的？可以以霍森的小说为例解释、 8、why is that theatrical creations have been on integral part of english的 culture for centuries? Ex:课本上。课件里没有 9、summarize the history development of british music? Ex:课本目录。 10、what innovations have the 20th century artist in the United States made in the field of arts? Ex:课本上的。 11、do the Americans share the same weddings traditions with the British people? Ex、课本上的。

英美文化的一些知识

1. British personalities(P6)（星） The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152) 2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,international relations and culture（月） Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances. Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulating

英美文化作业：英美文化差异(英文版)

英美文化作业：英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion

英美文化 (英国部分答案)

(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)

英美文化概况 第六章 英国教育(上)中文翻译

目录 一、导言 (2) 二、中世纪的英格兰教育——教会机构的教育功能以及接受教育的社会阶层 (2) 三、文艺复兴时期的教育 (5) 四、十八世纪——何谓正确的英文 (8)

第六章英国教育 一、导言 当今的英国教育体制非常复杂，包括多种类型的学校及教育方式。这种复杂性源自英国的保守主义。政府改变教育体制时，往往添加一些新的要素，对现有的体制做些修补，而不是推倒一切，破旧立新。 虽然本章题为“英国教育”，但着重探讨英格兰的教育。威尔士和苏格兰的教育体制受不同的宗教和社会价值观影响，与英格兰的体制稍有差异。本章介绍英国当今教育机构和规章制度的演变，特别关注如下问题的答案：何人应当接受教育？何人为教育付费？何为教育的目标？ 二、中世纪的英格兰教育——教会机构的教育功能以及接受教育的社会阶层 1066年的诺曼征服之前，只有贵族家庭的男童能接受正规教育，承担这些教育工作的是当时屈指可数的学校，或者一些巡回家庭教师。1066年后，征服者威廉建立了全新的政府官僚体系，而且他与官僚化的罗马天主教会关系密切，需要更多有文化修养的牧师和政府办事人员。 中世纪时期，欧洲接受罗马天主教会的统一领导。教会是知识和教育的监管人，而且是文化人的主要雇主。当时有文化的定义是能阅读书写拉丁文，而不是英语。拉丁文是罗马帝国的通用语言，没有以之为母语的人群，但所有重要的欧洲著作都是拉丁文。拉丁文的重要性在现代英语的书面语中都有所体现；英语有许多源自拉丁文的词汇。中世纪期间的英格兰以及欧洲其它地区，年轻男子如果想在教会、法律业或者政府机构求职，就必须会读写拉丁文。由于只有教会能提供正规的拉丁文教育，最有文化的人都是教会机构的成员。这些成员被称为clerics(教士；神职人员)。当时的商人或者政府官员，如果想写信或者做记录，就得聘请一名教士。现代英语里的clerk（办公文员）一词，就源自cleric(教士)。 1、接受教育的条件，教育费用以及教育目标 1）谁能接受教育？ 当时的学校和学徒制提供的正规教育，主要对象是中产阶级家庭的子弟，以及贵族家

英美文化知识小点总结

Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son