土木工程专业英语课后习题翻译

LESSON 4 2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .

（1）Sustained load 长期荷载（2）Cement gel 水泥凝胶体

（3）Water-cement ratio 水灰比（4）The stability of the structure结构稳定

（5）The expansion joint 伸缩缝（6）Moisture content 含水量

（7）Cement paste 水泥浆

（8）The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系

（9）Permanent plastic strain 永久塑性应变

（10）The fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土疲劳强度

3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

(1)The cause of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads.

混凝土的体积变化的原因可以归结为水分含量,水泥和水的化学反应，温度以及施加荷载的变化。

(2)High-early-strength and low-heat cement show more shrinkage than normal Portland cement. 高早强和低热水泥显示超过普通硅酸盐水泥收缩。

(3)The greater the aggregate content, the smaller is the shrinkage.

骨料含量越大，收缩越小。

(4)Therefore, cracks may develop in concrete when a high percentage of steel is used.

因此，当使用高比例的钢铁时将可能产生混凝土裂缝。

(5)Generally, concrete shrinks at a high rate during the initial period of hardening, but at later stages the rate diminishes gradually.

一般来说，在硬化过程中初期率很高，但在稍后阶段混凝土收缩率逐渐减小。

（6）Under sustained load, plastic deformation continues to develop over a period that may last for years.

持续负荷下，塑性变形继续发展一段时间，可能持续数年。

(7)Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load.

与标本中增加的压力增大制成的蠕变相同强度混凝土和时间相同的负载

与标本中的压力相同强度的混凝土，并与负荷增加同一时间作出蠕变增加

(8)Creep is reduced with an increase in the humidity of the ambient air

蠕变的减少是由于在周围的空气湿度增加

(9) Creep is decreases with an increase in the size of the tested specimen.

蠕变是一个经过测试的试件尺寸增大而减小.

(10)High-temperature steam curing of concrete as well as per use of a plasticizer will reduce the amount of creep.

高温蒸汽作为增塑剂正确使用混凝土养护将减少蠕变量.

5、Translate the following sentence into English.

（1）如果通过蒸发失去水分，混凝土就会收缩，但在水中硬化则会膨胀。

If it loses moisture(水份) by evaporation(蒸发),concrete shrinks, but if the concrete hardens in water, it expands.

（2）影响混凝土收缩的因素很多，如水泥和水的含量、骨料的级配以及环境条件等。

Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete such as cement and water content、

gradation(等级) of aggregate and ambient conditions and so on。

（3）混凝土拌合物中的水泥含量越多或含水量越多，收缩量则越大。

The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage.

（4）混凝土不是热的良导体，而钢筋是。

Concrete is not a good conductor of heat, whereas steel is a good one.

（5）在荷载作用期间，大约80%的徐变产生在前4个月内，大约2年后完成90%的徐变。

Creep increases with the loading period. About 80% of the creep occurs within the first 4 months;90%occurs after about 2 years.

LESSON 5

2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .

（1）building code 建筑规范（6）随机变量 random variation

（2）stochastic analyse 随机分析（7）半经验公式 semiempirical equation

（3）multistory building 多层建筑（8）风洞荷载 wind tunnel testing

（4）code-prescribed data 规范规定的数值（9）持续活荷载 sustained live load

（5）transient live load 瞬时活荷载（10）名义值 nominal value

3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

(1)The building code loads have traditionally been given as nominal values, determined on the basis of material properties (e.g. , dead load )or load surveys (e.g. , live load and snow load). 该建筑代码加载历来给出标准值，根据材料的性质（如，恒载）或负载调查（如，活荷载和雪荷载）的基础上确定。

(2)Since the random variation of the loads is a function of time as well as a number of other factors, the modeling, strictly speaking(严格来讲), should take this into account by using stochastic analyses(随机分析) to reflect the time and space interdependence(互相依赖).

由于载荷的随机变化是时间的函数以及一系列其他因素，造型数量，严格来说，应考虑到利用随机分析，以反映时间和空间互相依赖。

(3)For example, American live load criteria are based on a reference period of 50 years, while Canadian criteria use a 30-year interval

例如，美国活载标准是根据50年的基准期，而加拿大的标准使用30年的间隔。

(4)Building codes treat these effects as static phenomena and relate them to the actual conditions through semiempirical equations(半经验公式).

建筑规范视这些影响为静态现象，并通过半经验方程与实际情况相联系。

(5)The response of a building, however, will be different for different materials, depending on the type of load.

但是，建筑物的反应，将针对不同的材料不同，这取决于负载类型。

(6)There are many types of loads that may act on a building structure at one time or other, and this section provides a general description(一般说明) of the characteristics of the most important ones.

有许多类型的负载，可能对建筑物结构法在同一时间或其他，本节提供了一种通用的描述的最重要的特点。(7)The dead load includes not only the self-weight of the structure, but also the weight of permanent construction materials, partitions, floor and ceiling materials, machinery and other equipment, and so on.

静载重不仅包括自身的结构重量，而且还有永久性建筑的材料，隔板，地板，吊顶材料，机械和其他设备的重量，等等

(8)Live load, are more accurately the gravity live load, is the name that is commonly used for the loads on the structure that are not part of the permanent installations(永久设施)

活载，更准确的重力活荷载，即通常是结构上的负荷，不属于永久性设施的一部分荷载的使用名称。

(9)The live load on the structure at any given time is also called the arbitrary point in-time

live load.

在任意给定时间作用在结构上的活荷载也被称作任一点时活荷载。

(10)The live load on the structure at any time is normally well below the code value; the maximum lifetime(50-year) live load may be a certain amount larger.

在任意时刻结构上的活荷载一般是低于规范值的，（根据）最高寿命（50年）（确定的）活荷载可能有一定数量的扩大。

5、Translate the following sentence into English.

(1) 对某些荷载来说，结构的地理位置起重要作用。

The geographical location(地理位置) of the structure plays an important role for certain loads.

(2) 风荷载既不是静荷载也不是均匀变化的荷载，并且除了受周围结构和地形影响外还受结构几何形状的严重影响。

At the same time wind loads are neither static nor uniformly varying, and are heavily influenced by the geometry of the structure as well as the surrounding structures and the landscape(景观).

(3) 风荷载和雪荷载可根据模型试验来确定。

Wind loads and snow loads are determined on the basis of model tests.

(4)特殊荷载及荷载效应包括温度变化、结构地基沉降、冲击和爆炸的影响。

Special loads and load effects include the influence of temperature variations(温度变化), structural foundation settlements, impact(撞击), and blast(爆炸).

(5)至少在理论上，结构上的恒载被认为是保持不变的。

In theory, at least, the dead load on a structure is supposed to remain constant.

LESSON8

2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English .

（1）chemical composition 化学成分（6）应力-应变曲线 stress-strain curve

（2）cold working 冷加工（7）拉伸断裂 tensile fracture

（3）normal distribution curve 正态分布曲线（8）热处理 heat treatment

（4）local damage 局部破坏（9）反复荷载 repeated loads

（5）brittle fracture 脆性破坏（10）变幅应力循环 variable amplitude stress cycle 3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

（1）The important mechanical properties of most structural steels under static load are indicated in the idealized tensile stress-strain diagram shown in Fig.8.1.

在静态荷载下的大部分结构钢的重要力学性能是用图8.1的理想的拉伸应力-应变曲线表示。

(2)The values of E vary in the range 200000-210000Mpa, and the approximate value of 200000Mpa is often assumed.

E的值在200000-210000Mpa之间波动，一般假定逼近值为200000Mpa。

(3)Beyond this limit the steel flows plastically without any increase in stress until the strain-hardening strain εst is reached.

超过这个极限，刚的塑性流变不增加任何应力,直到达到应变硬化的εst值。

(4)The rate of straining affects the yield stress, and high rates of strain increase the upper or first yield stress, as well as the lower yield stress Fy.

应变速率会影响屈服应力，高的应变速率会增加高的屈服应力或产生第一个屈服应力值，同样可以增大低的屈服应力Fy。

(5)For design purposes, a “minimum’ yield stress is identified for each different steel classification.

从设计角度看，对于不同的钢材类别可以由相应的最小屈服应力值来识别。

(6)Consequently, it is likely that an isolated test result will be significantly higher than the quoted yield stress.

因此，独立的测试结果很可能显著地高于引用的屈服应力。

(7)Perhaps the most generally accepted theory of two-dimensional yielding under biaxial stresses is the maximum distortion energy theory.

或许大多数普遍接受的在双轴应力下的二维屈服理论是最大的变形能量理论。

（8）Joints should generally be arranged so as to minimize stress concentrations and to produce as smooth a ‘stress flow’ through the joint as is practicable.

节点应当布置得使应力集中减少到最小，以使通过节点的‘应力流’尽可能平滑。

(9)Brittle fracture is initiated by the existence or formation of a small crack in a region of high local stress.

脆性破坏的产生是由于在局部应力高度集中的区域存在或形成小裂缝。

(10)High local stresses facilitate crack initiation, and so stress concentrations due to poor geometry and loading arrangements (including impact loading) are dangerous.

高度局部应力促使裂缝的产生，因此由于差的几何形状和荷载布置(包括冲击载荷)而产生的应力集中是危险的。

5、Translate the following sentence into English.

(1)通常认为单向拉伸确定的屈服应力Fy单向压缩也正确。

The yield stress Fy determined for uniaxial tension is usually accepted as being valid for uniaxial compression.

（2）显著影响疲劳强度的因素有荷载循环次数、荷载循环中的应力幅以及局部应力集中的大小。

Factors which significantly influence the resistance to fatigue failure include the number of load cycles, the range of stress during a load cycle, and the magnitudes of local stress concentrations.

（3）疲劳设计出考虑容许应力外还应考虑节点的位置。

Designing against fatigue involves a consideration of joint arrangement as well as of permissible stress.

（4）结构钢不总是表现出延性特性，在有些情况下，即使名义拉应力很低，突然的、灾难性的断裂也会发生。

Structural steel does not always exhibit a ductile behavior, and under some circumstances sudden and catastrophic fracture may occur, even though the nominal tensile stresses are low.

（5）结构刚的延性取决于钢材的组成、热处理方法和钢材的厚度，并且随温度和应变率的变化而变化。The ductility of a structural steel depends on its composition, heat treatment, and thickness, and varies with temperature and strain rate.

LESSON14

1

2 Although most of these earlier designs were based on sound principles and

assumptions, the girder stiffened by inclined cables suffered various misfortunes that regrettably resulted in abando nment of the system 尽管这些大多数的早期设计基于正确的原理和假设，用斜缆去增强主梁遇到了各种厄运，

遗憾地导致这种体系被抛弃。

3 On the one hand, the equilibrium of these highly indeterminate systems had not been

clearly appreciated and controlled, and on the other, the tension members were made of timber, round bars or chain s 一方面，这些高次超静定体系的平衡还没有清楚地理解和控制，另一方面，承受拉力的构件是由木材、圆形钢筋或索链构成的。

4The important characteristics of such a three-dimensional structure are the full participation of the transverse cons truction in the work of the main longitudinal structure. 这种三维结构的重要特点是横向建筑深入参与了纵向主结构的工作

5The importance of cable-stayed bridges increased rapidly and within only one decade they have become so succe ssful that they have taken their rightful place among classical bridge systems.

斜拉桥的重要性迅速提升，仅在十年当中，斜拉桥就成为一种成功的桥型并且在经典/正统的桥梁体系中占有一席之位。

6 In old types of conventional superstructures the slab, stringers, floor beams and main girders

were considered as acting independently. Such superstructures were not suitable for cable-stayed bridges. 在传统形式的上部结构中，板、纵梁、横梁以及主梁被视为独立工作。这种上部结构不适于斜拉桥。

7 The main structural characteristic of this system is the integral action of the stiffening

girders and prestressed or post-tensioned inclined cableswhich run from the tower tops down to the anchor points a t the stiffening girders 这种体系的主要的结构特点是加劲梁和先张或后张拉的斜缆之间的整体作用，斜缆索自索塔顶部延伸至加劲梁的锚固点。

8 Modern cable-stayed bridges present a three-dimensional system consisting of

stiffening girders, transverse and longitudinal bracings, orthotropic-type deck and supporting parts such as tow ers in compression and inclined cables in tension 现代斜拉桥是一个由加劲梁、纵横向支撑、正交各向异性板以及譬如受压索塔和受拉斜拉索等支撑构件构成的三维体系。

9

In fact, in orthotropic systems, all elements of the roadway and secondary parts of the superstructure participate in the work of the main bridge system. This results in reduction of the depth of the girders and economy in the steel. 事实上，在正交各向异性体系中，所有的桥面板单元以及上部结构的辅助部分共同参与主桥体系的工作，这就导致主梁的高度以及钢材用量的减小。

10

Stays made in this manner could not be fully tensioned and in a slack condition allowed large deformations of the deck before they (stays) could participate in taking the tensile loads for which they were intended .这种拉索不能充分拉紧，而处于松弛状态的拉索在参与承担所期望的受拉荷载之前允许桥面板产生很大变形 .

汉译英

1

The development and application of electronic computers opened up new and practically unlimited possibilities for the exact solution of these highly statically indeterminate systems and for precise statical analysis of their three di mensional performance.

电子计算机的发展和应用使斜拉桥这样的高次超静定体系的精确分析成为可能，并且可以对结构的三维性能进行精确的静力学分析。

2随着高强钢材、正交各向异性板桥面的出现，焊接技术以及结构分析技术的发展，近年来斜拉桥才得到了广泛和成功的应用。

Wide and successful application of cable-stayed systems was realized only recently, with the

introduction of high-strength steels, orthotropic type decks, development of welding techniques and progress in str

uctural analysis

3 Existing cable-stayed bridges provide useful data regarding design, fabrication, erection and

maintenance of the new system.//

已有的斜拉桥为这一新体系的设计、建造、安装与维护提供了有用的数据。

4With the construction of these bridges many basic problems encountered in their engineering are shown to have b een successfully solved

在这些斜拉桥的建造过程中，工程中遇到的许多基础问题得到了圆满地解决。

5斜拉桥的特点是这种结构可将斜拉索的原理和正交各向异性板桥面结合起来，故其具有跨径大，结构厚度小和用料省的优点。

LESSON 15

英译汉

1 Where fresh concrete is placed on hardened concrete, a good bond must be developed.

当新混凝土浇筑在老混凝土上时，必须建立良好的结合面。

2 Before concrete is placed, the formwork must be free of ice and debris and properly coated with bond-breaker oil .

浇筑前，必须为业主检查混凝土。在混凝土浇筑前，支架模板必须不含冰、碎屑，并且外面涂上合适地防粘结油。

3Construction personnel should be available, usually carpenters, bar placers and other trades, if piping or electric al conduit is to be embedded, to act as form watchers and to reset any rebars, conduit, or piping displaced. 当铺设水管或者电线管道时，施工人员必须到位，通常有木工、钢筋工以及其他工种，对模板进行检查，对移动了的钢筋、电线或管子重新放置。

4In addition, the inspector should ensure that any emergency construction joints made necessary by stoppage of co ncrete supply, rain, or other delays are properly located and made in accordance with procedures specified or appr oved by the engineer 此外，检验员还得确保由于混凝土供应停止、下雨以及其他延误导致的紧急施工缝合理定位，并且程序要符合规范规定或者工程人员认可。

5 In vertical formwork, water rise causes weak planes between each layer deposited. In addition

to the deleterious\\\structural effect, such planes, when hardened, contain voids through which water may pass 在垂直模板体系中，水的增加可导致层间的薄弱面。除了有害的结构影响之外，这种薄弱面硬化之后，可形成水流通的空隙。

6

7 In horizontal elements, such as floor slabs, excess water rises and causes a weak laitance layer

at the top. 在诸如楼板之类的水平构件中，过剩水分增加会导致顶部的薄弱浆沫层。

8

9 The temperature of fresh concrete must be controlled from the time of mixing through final

placement, and protected after placement. 从搅拌站到最终的浇筑，必须控制新鲜混凝土的温度，浇注之后必

须保护其温度。

汉译英

1钢筋必须设备到位，适当支撑以承受浇筑混凝土过程中受到的任何运输作用。The rebars must be in place, properly supported to bear any traffic they will receive during concret-e placing

2检验员还必须确保混凝土运送、浇筑和抹光程序按事先要求进行，避免混凝土离析。The inspector should also ascertain that handling, placing, and finishing procedures that have been agreed on in ad vance are properly followed, to avoid segregated concrete

3更深的贯入效果会更好（复捣），但在不同的场地条件下其效果是难以确定的，因此，不作为一般工程实践的建议

Deeper penetration can be beneficial (revibration), but control under variable jobsite conditions is too uncertain for recommendation of this practice for general use.

4 只有在混凝土浇筑、抹光、养护完成，并完全达到强度时检验才结束Inspection is complete only when concrete is cast, finished, protected for curing, and attains full strength.

5在所有柱子以及钢筋混凝土窄墙浇筑时，要先用2~4英寸的水泥浆。否则，游离的石头就会聚集在底部，从而形成蜂窝。In all columns and reinforced narrow walls, concrete placing should begin with 2 to 4 in of grout. Otherwise, loose stone will collect at the bottom, resulting in the formation of honeycomb

LESSON25

1

2 Higher vertical loads will require larger columns, walls, and shafts. 其一，更大的竖向荷载需要更大的柱、墙和电梯井，But, more significantly, the overturning moment and the shear deflections produced by lateral forces are much larger and must be carefully provided for. 其二，更严重的是，由侧向力产生的倾覆力矩和剪切位移更大，必须认真加以考虑。

3 The vertical subsystems in a high-rise building transmit accumulated gravity load from story to story, thus requiring larger column or wall sections to support such loading. 高层建筑的竖向子系统逐层传递累积的重力，从而需要更大的柱或墙体以支承此荷载

4 For example, under wind load, the overturning moment at the base of a building varies approximately as the square of the height of the building, and the lateral deflection at the top of a building may vary as the fourth power of building height, other things being equal. Earthquake produces an even more pronounced effect. 例如，当其它条件不变时，在风荷载作用下，建筑物底部的倾覆力矩大约按建筑物高度的平方增长，其顶部的侧向位移随其高度的4次幂。地震甚至会产生更大的效应。

5 When the structure for a mid-rise building is designed for dead and live load, it is almost an inherent property that the columns, walls, and stair or elevator shafts can carry most of the horizontal forces. 当设计中层建筑结构以抵抗恒载和活荷载时，其柱、墙和楼梯或电梯就能承受大部分水平荷载几乎是其固有的特性。

6 Special structural arrangements will often have to be made and additional structural material is always required for the columns, girders, walls, and slabs in order to make a high-rise building sufficiently resistant to much higher lateral loads and deformations. 通常要做出特殊的结构布

置，并总是需要额外的材料来制作柱、大梁、墙和楼盖以便使高层建筑能足以抵抗大许多侧向荷载和变形。

7 The vertical components carrying the gravity load, such as walls, columns, and shafts, will need to be strengthened over the full height of the building. 需要在整个高度范围内提高支承重力荷载的竖向构件，如墙、柱和电梯井承载力。

8 The graph shown in Figure1 illustrates how the weight of structural steel in pounds per square foot of floor increases as the number of stories increases from 1 up to 100. 图1 中的曲线说明单位楼层所需结构材料用量随楼层数增加

9 The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frame. 其上下界线之间的范围表示了比一般柱-梁所组成的框架用钢量的增加部分。

10 Increase the effective width of the moment-resisting subsystems. 增加抗弯系统的有效宽度：This is very useful because increasing the width will cut down the overturn force directly and will reduce deflection by the third power of the width increase, other things remaining constant. 这一点极为重要，因为当其它因素不变时，增加宽度将直接减小倾覆力，并以宽度3次幂的关系减小侧移。汉译英

1 Although the basic principles of vertical and horizontal subsystem design remain the same for mid-, or high-rise buildings, when a building gets high the vertical subsystems become a controlling problem for two reasons. 尽管对于中层和高层建筑，它们的竖向和水平方向子系统的设计的基本原理并无区别，但当一建筑物高度增加时，由于两个原因使其竖向子系统成为控制问题。

2

3 Increase the effective width of the moment-resisting subsystems. 增加抗弯系统的有效宽度：This is very useful because increasing the width will cut down the overturn force directly and will reduce deflection by the third power of the width increase, other things remaining constant. 这一点极为重要，因为当其它因素不变时，增加宽度将直接减小倾覆力，并以宽度3次幂的关系减小侧移。

4 Arrange to have the greater part of vertical loads be carried directly on the primary moment-resisting components.

布置结构使竖向荷载的主要部分直接由主抗弯构件承受。This will help stabilize the building against tensile overturning forces by precompressing the major overturn-resisting components. 这将有助于通过预压主要抗倾覆构件来防止建筑物产生受拉的倾覆力而失稳。

5 The local shear in each story can be best resisted by strategic placement of solid walls or the use of diagonal members in a vertical subsystem. 各层局部剪力可最有效地通过适当布置实体墙或在竖向体系中采用斜构件。LESSON 26

英译汉

1Pavements serve structural, functional and safety purposes. 路面具有结构、功能和安全的目的。They are necessary not only for roadways but also for parking lots, airports (i.e., runways, taxiways, aprons and service roads), industrial sites, ports and so forth. 它们不但用于道路，也用于停车场、机场（如跑道、滑行道、停机坪和服务道路），工场，港口等。

2The load at the interface between the wheel and the pavement surface is applied over a relatively

small area, causing high stresses at that point, but these stresses decrease with depth as the load is spread over large areas. 在车轮和道路表面之间的荷载作用于小的面积上，从而在其作用点产生高应力，但此应力随深度的增加而减小，因为此荷载在较深处扩散至较大的面积上。

3 The functional performance of pavement is related to the users’ requirement for smooth and comfortable riding conditions. 路面的功能与使用者对行车的平衡性和舒适性有关

4 The PSI deteriorates with usage and pavement age and is one of several criteria employed to aid decision relating to maintenance, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of the pavement. 此指标随道路的使用和使用寿命而降低，它是用于帮助决定是否保养、维修或重建的许多准则之一。

5 Typical symptoms of pavement distresses are longitudinal and transverse cracking, breaking, swelling and heaving. 路面典型的缺陷包括纵向和横向开裂、断裂、胀起和隆起

6The Asphalt Institute describes asphalt as a “strong cement, readily adhesive, highly waterproof and durable.美国沥青协会将沥青定描述为“强胶结材料，易于粘结，高度不透水和高耐久”

7 Asphalt concrete mixtures are sometimes discussed in terms of the gradation of their component mineral aggregates and fillers into categories such as open-graded, coarse-graded or fine-graded. 在讨论沥青混凝土时，有时根据其所含矿物和填料将其分类为开级配、粗级配和细级配。

8The combinations of material characteristics and proportions on one hand and mixing and placing conditions on the other can lead to asphalt concretes of differing characteristics in terms of their stability, durability and flexibility to suit a variety of application requirements. 沥青混凝土的稳定性，耐久性和柔性因其材料特性，比例、混合和铺筑条件的不同而异，从而使其能满足各种应力需求。

9 It is a “nonbituminous” cement and is classified as “hydaulic” cement because it solidifies under water. 它是一种非沥青胶结材料，并因其遇水固化而被归类为水化胶结料。

10 Rigid pavement. A pavement structure which distributes loads to the subgrade, having as one course a Portland-cement concrete slab of relatively high bending resistance. 刚性路面：其路面结构将荷载传至基层，具有比较高的抗弯性能的一整块沥青混凝土板。

汉译英

1值得指出的是在自然界存在着天然沥青矿。It is worth to note that natural deposits of asphalt exist. 2根据集料和填料的级配，沥青混合料经常被分为开级配、粗级配或细级配沥青混合料。Asphalt concrete mixtures are sometimes discussed in terms of the gradation of their component mineral aggregates and fillers into categories such as open-graded, coarse-graded or fine-graded.

3

4

5

新视野大学英语预备级1课后练习题翻译

新视野大学英语读写教程预备级1课后翻译答案 UNIT 1 Section A Translation V 1.It is reported that he is very rich and that he is a man who trades in weapons. 据报道，他非常富有，是做武器交易的。 2.Men or women of any country should be against war as it can destroy the country. 任何国家的人，无论男女，都反对战争，因为战争会毁灭国家。 3.People call Nobel a man of peace and a man full of love 人们称诺贝尔是一个致力于和平事业的人和一个富有爱心的人 4.It is very dangerous to cross the river during the raining season. 在雨季度过那条河非常危险 5.He did not know what to do, as it was new to him to build roads through mountains. 他不知所措，因为对他来说开山修路是件新鲜事 Translation VI 1.诺贝尔在最合适不过的时候发明了他的炸药。 Alfred Nobel invented his explosive at a perfect moment in time. 2.他要考虑在他逝后让人们用最佳的方法使用他的遗产。 He wanted to think of the best way for people to use his money after his death 3.全世界按照他所希望的方式怀念他，铭记他：诺贝尔，一个致力于和平事业 的人。 The world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered: Nobel, a man of peace 4.他做出决定，在他去世之后，他的遗产应当用来奖励那些在科学、文学和世 界和平等领域做出卓越贡献的人。 He decided that after he died, his money should be used for a prize to honor people who did great things in science, writing, and world peace 5.最早的诺贝尔奖在1901年授予的，这个奖项不久便成会人们在上述领域所 获得的最高荣誉。 The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, and they very soon became the greatest honor that a person could receive in these fields UNIT 2 Section A Translation V 1.He has visited 20 countries, as he is interested in all sorts of cultures and customs. 因为他对各种文化和习俗感兴趣，他访问过20个国家 2.Nobel preferred people to remember him as a man of peace. 诺贝尔希望人们把他当作热爱和平的人来记住他 3.But not everyone would agree with you that men and women have the same abilities. 但不是人人都同意你的观点，认为男人和女人具有同样的能力 4.That is a very good example of how the language has changed as a result of the women’s movement.

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化

全新版大学英语综合教程1课后习题翻译

1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。 （formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me t o. 2.他的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。(take hold) His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月点的需求量很大，决定增加生产。(anticipate) Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have de cided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔音译在违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’ s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’ s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid,severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the poss ibility of a severe water shortage. 1.半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2.玛丽看上去对汉语考试很担心，因为她还没背熟课文。 （learn by heart） Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart. 3.既然篮球赛已被推迟，我们不妨去参观博物馆。（postpone） Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum. 4.整个二次世界大战期间他一直和父母住在澳大利亚。 （all the way） He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ. 5.自1985年从南京大学毕业至今，可以说我与我的大学同学失去了联系。（kind of，lose touch） Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates. 1.正如科学家所预言的那样，全球污染成了人类面临的最严重的问题之一。（global） As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems huma ns are faced with. 2.谋求这些职位的竞争很激烈——今年的求职者（applicant）是去年的五倍。（competition） Competition for these jobs is very tough – we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many a pplicants this year as there were last year. 3.正如事实表明的那样，教育大纲应该符合国家的经济发展计划。（fit into）

编大学英语课文翻译及课后习题目答案

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。

《高级英语(第一册)》课后翻译习题及答案

Lesson 1 1) Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people. little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another 2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market. 3) they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price. 4) he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount. 5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. X．1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处 A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2)集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有 At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3) 我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry. 4)新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，刻有精细、复杂的传统图案。 The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. 5)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。 Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6)他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached. 7）教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 The teachers make a point of being strict with the students. 8）这个小女孩非常喜欢他的父亲。 This little girl is very much attached to her father.

全新版大学英语3综合教程课后习题翻译原题及答案

1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题不大 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展 中国家战胜饥荒和疾病 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 1.无论是在城市还是农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。 The Internet is changing the way people live, whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2.和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到金融危机的威胁。 Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3.关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然然后对过家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development. 4.他从来也没有想到他们队会大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.

英语课后翻译答案

Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2

新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案

新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.

我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.

新职业英语-职业综合英语1-课后翻译题

Uint1 1这一切不是一朝一夕可以实现的（achieve实现） All this can’t be chieved overnight 2下午6点种左右体育馆通常很忙（tend to 通常、易于） The gum tend to be busy at around 6 o’clock in the ofrrrnoon 3这个地区现在不安全，还是远离它为好（take away from 远离） The area is not safe at the moment,so it’sbetter to stay away from it 4就销售而言，他们是4该地区五大超市之一（in terms of 在。。。方面、就。。。而言） In terms of sales, they are one of top five supermarket in the area 5这间房既要作卧室又要作客房（severs as 作为） The room serve as not only bedrome but also livingroom 6生产部负责监督这个项目的进展（monitor 监督） The product department is responsible for monitoring the progress 7上个月经理忙于一项对营销活动的研究工作（be involved in 参与卷入） The product was involved in a research on marking activities last month 8现在许多大公司都利用网站来推销他们的产品和服务（promote 推销） Uany big companies use websites to promote their products and seroices Uint2 1在这所新医院上面已经花费了大笔资金（a great deal of 大量） A great deal of mony has been spent on the new hospital 2成功与否取决于你的努力和能力（depend on 取决于） Success depends on your efforts ands ability 3很难时刻掌握科技方面的新发展(keep track of记录了解动态) It is difficult to keep track of new development in science and technology 4所有投诉都将由经理来处理（deal with 处理） All complains will be deal with by the managers 5不要试着自己去做，这需要专业知识（specialized 专业的） Don’t try doing it yourself, it requires specialized know ledge 6他作为最佳运动员获得了一个金牌（award 获得） He was awarded a goldcup for being the best athlete 7为什么不关掉电视区锻炼一下身体（turn off 关闭）

新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案

新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释? How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week？ 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her .

实用英语1课后习题(unit 1-unit 5)

新编实用英语综合教程1课后翻译答案（Unit 1-Unit 5） UNIT 1 1像许多人一样,你大概也在学习如何推销自己. You, like most people, probably are learning how to market yourself. 2对一名新雇员来说，最重要的不一定是工作经验，而是怎样不断更新知识。To a new employee, the most important is not necessarily work experience, but how to update knowledge. 3对不起，我那位闲不住的老板让我立刻就走。 I’m so sorry. My go-go boss asks me to leave right now. 4那位主妇只是不停地诉说她的家事，我就知道我会被拉进这样的谈话。 That housewife just continued on with some sort of story about her family. I knew I must be caught in such a conversation. 5对我来说，失去时间就是失去生命。我不能还没实现自己设定的目标就离开这个世界。 For me, missed time is missed life. I can not leave this world without reaching the goal I set. 6我的锻炼计划是建立在每天锻炼基础上的，它不一定会让我长高，但会使我身体健康。 My exercise plan is built on a daily basis. It could help me become healthier, not necessarily taller. 1.像你的许多同学一样，你可能也曾有过亲身经历：有人请求你为外国友人帮忙做点事。 像大部分妇女一样，她自己可能也曾遭遇过被人误解的局面。 You, like many of your classmates, probably have been in such a situation where you are asked to do something to help a foreign friend. She, like most women, probably has been in such a situation where she herself is being misunderstood. 2. 对不起，这会儿他一定外出在图书馆里。 对不起，你的汽车现在必须得停用一个月。 I'm sorry, he must be out in the library at the moment. I'm sorry, your car must be out of use at the moment for one month. 3. 我知道我去年错修了一门课程。 一开始他就知道他在错失一个好机遇。 I knew I took a wrong course last year. He knew he was missing a good opportunity at the beginning. 4.不着正装可能会被看成对他人的一种不礼貌。 没有好习惯可能会被看作是没有受过良好的教育。 Not dressing formally can be seen as being impolite to other people. Not having good habits can be seen as having no good education. 5. 别在经理面前说笑话tell jokes，给他留下“此人不严肃”的印象。 别跟那小女孩大声嚷，让她觉得“这人不友善”。 Don't tell jokes before the manger leaving him thinking “that person is not serious”.

大学英语 课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回（because of；recall） 1. More than 3000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem. 2.他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。（despite） 2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 3.要确保同样得错误今后不再发生了。（see it that） 3. See to it that the same mistake won't happen again. 4.现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that） 4. Now that they've got to know more about each other，they get along better. 5.此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。（find oneself） 5. Then Ifound myself surrounded by five or six boys. 6.在这幸福的时刻，我向你致以最美好的祝愿。（on occasion） 6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. Unit3 1)很多事情导致了我与那家公司断绝关系。(contribute to) A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.面对严峻的疾病，她表现出了巨大的勇气。（in the face of） She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。（come to） We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4他的秘书没有告诉他那次会议的情况。（fail to）