语文倒装句
语文倒装句（宾语前置；状语后置；定语后置；主语后置）
（一）、宾语前置
1、否定句中代词宾语前置
这类宾语前置,要具备两个条件：一是宾语必须是代词；二是必须是否定句,由“不”、“未”、“毋”、“莫”等否定词表示.在这种情况下,代词宾语要放在动词之前和否定词之后.例如：《硕鼠》：“三岁贯汝,莫我肯顾.”“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”.
忌不自信《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉
然而不王者,未之有也. 《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不（否）焉.（之,宾语提前的标志）《师说》
古之人不余欺也! 《石钟山记》苏轼
不吾知其亦已兮,苟（只要）余情其信芳（美好）. 《离骚》屈原
东望愁泣,若不自胜. 《柳毅传》李朝威
见大王爱女牧羊于野,所（代词,“之人”）不忍视. 《柳毅传》李朝威
是以后世无传焉,臣未之闻也. 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
保民而王,莫之能御也. 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
而良人未之知也. 《齐人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉
2、疑问句中代词宾语前置
文言文中用疑问代词“谁”、“何”、“奚”、“安”等做宾语时往往放在动词的前面.
例如：《鸿门宴》：“良问曰：…大王来何操??”“何操”应理解为“操何”
吾孰与徐公美?《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉
以五十步笑百步,则何如? 《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
彼且奚适也? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
彼且恶（何）乎待哉? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
沛公安在? 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
夫晋,何厌之有?（之,宾语提前的标志）《烛之武退秦师》〈左传〉
吾实为之,其又何尤（怨）? 《祭十二郎文》韩愈
洞庭君安在哉? 《柳毅传》李朝威
无情郎安在? 《柳毅传》李朝威
3、介词宾语提前：在现代汉语中,介词后面跟着宾语,组成介宾结构,用来修饰动词谓语.在文言文中,介词宾语往往置与介词之前,形成一种倒置的现象.例如：
《岳阳楼记》：“臆!微斯人吾谁与归?”“谁与归”应理解为“与谁归”.
一旦山陵崩,长安君何以自托于赵? 《触龙说赵太后》〈战国策〉
不为者与不能者之形（情形）,何以异? 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
吾王庶几无疾病与,何以能鼓乐也?何以能田（畋）猎也? 《庄暴见孟子》〈孟子〉
不然,籍何以至此? 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
余是以记之. 《石钟山记》苏轼
将子无怒,秋以为期. 《卫风＆#8226;氓》〈诗经〉
是以区区不能废远. 《陈情表》李密
是以君子远庖厨也. 《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
奚以知其然也? 《逍遥游》〈庄子〉
4、特殊结构：用"之"、"是"将宾语提前.
前世不同教,何古之法?(效法哪一个古代)
宋何罪之有?(宋国有什么罪过?)
惟命是听（成语）
惟利是图（成语）
惟马首是瞻《冯婉贞》
惟兄嫂是依《祭十二郎文》韩愈
惟你是问.
5、普通宾语前置
在一般性的宾语前置中,大家要注意语感.
宾语前置总结
文言文中,动词或介词的宾语,一般置于动词或介词之后,但在一定条件下,宾语会前置,其条件是：
第一、疑问句中,疑问代词作宾语,宾语前置.这类句子,介词的宾语也是前置的.如：“沛公安在?”（《史记．项羽本记》）这种类型的句子关键是作宾语的疑问代词（像：谁、何、奚、曷、胡、恶、安、焉等）.值得注意的是,介词“以”的宾语比较活跃,即使不是疑问代词,也可以前置.如：“余是以记之,以俟观人风者得焉.”（柳宗元《捕蛇者说》）其中的“是”是一般代词,但也前置了.
第二、文言否定句中,代词作宾语,宾语前置.这类句子有两点要注意,一是否定句（一般句中必须有“不”、“未”“毋”、“无”、“莫”等否定词）；二是代词作宾语.如：“时人莫之许也.”（陈寿《三国志．诸葛亮传》）正常语序应该是“时人莫许之也.”
第三、用“之”或“是”把宾语提前取动词前,以突出强调宾语.这时的“之”只是宾语前置的标志,没有什么实在意义.如：“句读之不知,惑之不解.”（韩愈《师说》）有时,还可以在前置的宾语前加上一个范围副词“唯”,构成“唯.是.”的格式.如：“唯利是图”、“唯命是从”等.
第四、介词宾语前置的情况除了第一种情况外,还有一种情况,就是方位词、时间词作宾语时,有时也前置；例如：“业文南向坐.”（《史记．项羽本记》）意思是“业文面向南坐.”
第五课时
教学内容：倒装句----定语后置；状语后置
教学目标：让学生能够判定什么是定语后置、状语后置句子,并能准确翻译出来.
教学实施过程：
（二）、定语后置：
在古汉语中将定语移置在中心词之后的现象.定语后置一般有三种情况：
1）、中心词+定语+者或中心词+之+定语+者
楚人有涉江者.（《察今》）
石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也.（《石钟山记》）
大阉之乱,缙绅而能不易其志者,四海之大,有几人欤? 《五人墓碑记》张溥
遂率子孙荷担者三夫. 《愚公移山》〈列子〉
2）、中心词+之+形容词（定语）
蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强,上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也.（《劝学》）
带长铗之陆离兮,冠切云之崔嵬.（《涉江》）
四海之大,有几人欤?
3）、中心词+数量词（定语）
马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石.（《马说》）
我持白璧一双,欲献项王；玉斗一双,欲与亚父.（《鸿门宴》）
（三）、状语后置：
现代汉语中状语置于谓语之前,若置于位于之后便是补语.但在文言文中,处于补语的成分往往要以状语来理解.例如：
《鸿门宴》：“将军战河北,臣战河南.”“战河南”即“战（于）河南”,应理解为“于河南战”.《促织》：“覆之以掌”即“以掌覆之”应理解为“用手掌覆盖（蟋蟀）”.
另外,还有定语置于中心词之后,修饰名词的量词放在名词之后等特殊现象.
五亩之宅,树之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
谨庠序之教,申之以孝悌之义,颁白者可以不负戴于道路也《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉
举所佩玉抉以示之者三. 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
若亡郑而有益于君,敢以烦执事. 《烛之武退秦师》〈左传〉
虽董之以严刑,振（震）之以威怒《谏太宗十思疏》魏征
孰与君少长?——与君孰少长? 《鸿门宴》〈史记〉
青,取之于蓝,而青于蓝. 《劝学》〈荀子〉
君子博学而日参省乎己. 《劝学》〈荀子〉
生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾,吾从而师之. 《师说》韩愈
为坛而盟,祭以尉首. 《陈涉世家》〈史记〉
静女其姝,俟我于城隅. 《邶风＆#8226;静女》〈诗经〉
况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上. 《赤壁赋》苏轼
相与枕藉乎舟中,不知东方之既白. 《赤壁赋》苏轼
柱以白壁,砌以青玉,床以珊瑚,帘以水晶. 《柳毅传》李朝威
命坐于灵虚之下. 《柳毅传》李朝威
第六课时
教学内容：倒装句----主语后置；固定句式
教学目标：让学生能够判定什么是主语后置；固定句式句子,并能准确翻译出来.
教学实施过程：
（四）、主语后置：
为了强调谓语,有时将谓语置于主语之前.这仅仅是因为语言表达的需要.如,“甚矣,汝之不惠（慧）!”（《愚公移山》）另外,还有定语置于中心词之后,修饰名词的量词放在名词之后等特殊现象.例如：
甚矣,汝之不惠（慧）. 《愚公移山》〈列子〉
甚矣,乌纱之横,皂隶之俗哉! 《虎丘记》袁宏道
快哉此风!（宋玉《风赋》）
“美哉,我少年中国.
五、固定句式
吾孰与徐公美?——孰与,与…比怎么样《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉
日食饮得无衰乎?——得无,该不会,表揣测的疑问词《触龙说赵太后》〈战国策〉反复自念,得无教我猎虫所耶?——得无,该不会,表揣测的疑问词《促织》蒲松龄求,无乃尔是过与（同“欤”,语气词）——无乃…与?恐怕…吧
《季氏将伐颛臾》〈论语〉
是社稷之臣也,何以伐为?——何（以）…为,表反问的句式,为什么要…呢
《季氏将伐颛臾》〈论语〉
故不积跬步,无以致千里；不积小流,无以致江海.——无以,没有用来…的（办法）《劝学》〈荀子〉
奚以之九万里而南为?——奚以…为,哪里用得着…呢,表反问《逍遥游》〈庄子〉山峦为晴雪所洗.——为…所…,表示被动关系《谏太宗十思疏》魏征（课后题）今日见辱问于长者.——见…于…,表被动的固定格式《柳毅传》李朝威
“他人之心,予忖度之.”——夫子之谓也.
闻道百,以为莫己若者,我之谓也.（《庄子＆#8226;秋水》）
——…之谓也,…说的就是…《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉
不亦……乎相当于“不是……吗”
以为、以……为……意思是以为、认为、把……当作、用……做…….例如：
而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之,自以为得其实.（《石钟山记》）
至丹以荆轲为计,始速祸焉.（《六国论》）
如……何相当于“对……该怎么办”
唯……是“是”无意,起宾语提前作用；“唯”表示对象的唯一性
岂……哉（乎）、独……哉意思是难道……吗例如：
赵岂敢留璧而得罪于大王乎?
王侯将相宁有种乎!（《陈涉世家》）与其……孰若……、与其……宁……可译为与其……不如（宁可）……
与其坐而待亡,孰若起而拯之.（《鸿门宴》）
与人刃我,宁自刃.（《鲁仲连传》）
与其……宁…… 相当于“与其……宁可……”
⑴"如……何"、"奈……何"、"若……何".这是三个同义的说法.意思是"把……怎么样"、"对……怎么办"或"怎么对付(处置、安顿)……".例如：
如太行、王屋何?(如何处理太行、王屋这两座大山呢?)
奈并累若属何?(把你们一起连累了可怎么办呢?)
虞兮虞兮奈若何?(虞啊虞啊我拿你怎么办呢?)
⑵"……孰与……"、"……何如……".这两种说法都是询问比较的结果,用法相同.
公之视廉将军孰与秦王?(你们看廉将军和秦王相比,谁更厉害?)
吾孰与城北徐公美?(我和城北徐公相比,谁更美?)
汝意谓长安何如日远?(长安和太阳相比,哪一个离得更远?)
"孰与"、"何如"还可以用来询问利害得失,或表示抉择取舍.
救赵孰与勿救?(救赵与不救赵哪个有利?)
惟坐待亡,孰与伐之?(与其坐而待毙,哪如起而进攻他们?)
岭南梅开早,何如北地春?
与"孰与"、"何如"这种用法相同的还有"孰若"、"孰如"、"何若"等.
⑶"不亦……乎?"可译为："不……吗?","难道不……吗?"
学而时习之,不亦乐乎?
有过不罪,无功受赏,虽亡,不亦可乎?
⑷"何(奚、曷)以(用)……为""何以为""何……为".这是三个同义的说法,可译为"哪里用得着……呢?"、"还要……干什么呢?"
吾有车而使人不敢借,何以车为?
世方乱,安以富为?
上岸击贼,洗足入船,何用坞为?
胜自磨剑,人问曰："何以为?"(磨剑干什么呢?)
如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉,何辞为?
吾英王,奚跪为?(我是英王,为什么要给你下跪呢?)
⑸"何……之为".这个格式的意思是"还算得上……"、"还谈得上什么……"、"还说什么……".
秦不哀吾丧而伐吾同姓,秦则无礼,何施之为?(还谈得上什么恩惠呢?)
国仇未报,何以家为?
何以名为?臣夫桑下之饿人也?
⑹"得无"、"无乃"."得无"又写作"得毋"、"得微"、"得非"等,意思是"该不会"、"莫不是"、"只怕是"、"岂不是"、"莫非"等.
得无教我猎虫所耶?
日饮食得无衰乎?
得毋有病乎?
"无乃"又写作"毋乃"、"非乃"、"不乃",意思是"岂不是"、"莫非是"、"恐怕要"等.
求,无乃尔是过欤?(恐怕要责备你吧?)
师劳力竭,远主备之,无乃不可乎?(恐怕不可以吧?)
今君王既栖于会稽之上,然后乃求谋臣,无乃后乎?(岂不是晚了点吗?)
固定句式总结
固定格式也叫固定结构,或者凝固结构.它的语法特点就是由一些不同词性的词凝结在一起,固定成为一种句法格式,表达一种新的语法意义,世代沿用,约定俗成,经久不变.它的分类可按表达语气的种类分为四种：
第一种：表陈述语气常用的有：有以（有.用来）、无以（没有.用来）、有所（有.的）、无所（没有.的）、比及（等到.的时候）、为.所.
第二种：表疑问语气常用的有：奈何（怎么办）、何如（怎么样）、如.休（把.怎么样）、得无.耶（大概.吧、恐怕.吧）等.
第三种：表感叹语气常用的有：何其（多么）、一何（何等、多么）、何.之（怎么.这样啊）等.
第四种：表反问语气常用的有：无乃.乎（恐怕、只怕）、不亦.乎（不是.吗）、得无.乎（难道.吗）、孰与、孰若（跟.相.）何.为（为什么.呢
倒装句用法及例句
倒装句用法及例句 1.涉及only的倒装及考题分析 按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。 Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。 Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。 Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语(from .yygramma r.)。 The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous t he situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。 Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。 Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。 Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。 【典型考题】(答案分别为DC) 1. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize 2. Only after my friend came _________. A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired 特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)：
高考英语专题倒装句知识点真题汇编含答案
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雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 (3) 但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 3.“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装
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倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
高考英语专题复习(倒装句)
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英语倒装句练习题含答案
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高考英语专题倒装句知识点真题汇编及解析
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高考英语专题倒装句知识点难题汇编附答案解析 一、选择题 1．Out to the finishing line…! And here ! A．he dashes… comes our champion and hero B．dashes he… our champion and hero come C．he dashes… come our champion and hero D．dashes he… comes our champion and hero 2．As is shown in the movie, under no circumstances __________ faith and confidence. A．you should lose B．shouldn’t you have C．should you lose D．you shouldn’t lose 3．Only when he reached the teahouse it was the same place he’d been in last year. A．he realized B．realized he C．had he realized D．did he realize 4．Between the two streets _______ a modem building where you can see many famous brands of clothes. A．have B．has C．stand D．stands 5．Mum is coming. What present________ for your birthday? A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got 6．So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A．light travels B．travels light C．does light travel D．has light travelled 7．We’ll make the final decision on o ur scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible. A．Should B．Were C．Would D．Had 8．, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A．A quiet student as he may B．Quiet student as he may be C．Be a quiet student as he may D．Quiet as he may be a student 9．So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape. A．the attack did B．did the attack C．the attack was D．was the attack 10．She is a strong-willed woman and not once _______ in to any difficulty in her life. A．she has given B．did she give C．she gave D．has she given 11．In the middle of the lake ________ which looks very beautiful. A．stand a tall tower B．lie a tall tower C．lay a tall tower D．stands a tall tower 12．Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency. A．Alfred E. Smith seriously sought B．did Alfred E. Smith seriously sought C．when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek D．did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek 13．Mable is very weak, so the doctor advised that not only ______ more flood, but she should also take more exercise.
专题：倒装句
倒装句 一、倒装句概述 英语句子的基本语序就是“主语+谓语+其她成分”,即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时出于语法与修辞上的需要,把句子的整个谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前面,就构成了倒装。 倒装句分为完全倒装、部分倒装与形式倒装。 完全倒装:把主语与谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装。 部分倒装:只把助动词(包括系动词、情态动词等)移到主语之前,叫做部分倒装。 形式倒装:形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点就是只把强调句的内容提到句首,主谓并不倒装。 二、倒装句之完全倒装 完全倒装就是把整个谓语置于主语之前。常见的结构有: 1)here, there, now, then等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, run等表示来去或状态的动词,即“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,run等) + 主语" 的结构。例如: Then came the chairman、那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter、您的信。 【注意】如果主语就是人称代词,就不用倒装。 如: Here you are、 2)表示运动方向的副词(如out, in, up, down等)或地点状语置于句首,谓语就是表示运动 的动词,要用完全倒装。例如: In came Mr、White、 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber、轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman、前面坐着一个老妪。 On the desk lies piles of(pile堆,a pile of后既可加可数名词,又可加不可数名词) books、桌子上有几堆书。 【注意】如果主语就是人称代词,就不用倒装。 3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist…、) 句型中。例如: There are thousands of people on the square、